Name: Forfatter Spotlight: Udvikling af en effektiv og gennemførlig metode til frysning af retinal pigmentepitelcelle
Uploaded: 2023-11-03T13:20:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cryopreservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells at the Optimal Stage at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev finansieret af National Natural Science Foundation of China (81970816) til Mei Jiang; National Natural Science Foundation of China (82201223) til Xinyue Zhu; og handlingsplanen for videnskab og teknologisk innovation fra Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (2014090067000) til Haiyun Liu.

1. Celle dissociation
<ol><li>Vedligehold RPE-celler som tidligere beskrevet17,22. BEMÆRK: Alle celler dyrkes ved 37 °C i en 5 % CO2 -atmosfære i hele protokollens varighed.</li>
	<li>Forbered den krævede mængde PBS og dyrkningsmedium i et 37 ° C vandbad, og anbring celledissociationsreagenset ved stuetemperatur.</li>
	<li>Kassér dyrkningsopløsningen og vask pladerne to gange med 1 ml forvarmet PBS pr. Brønd.</li>
	<li>Ti...

Fremme af kryoopbevaring af humane stamcelle-afledte retinale pigmentepitelceller

<ol>
	<li>Lakkaraju, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cell+biology+of+the+retinal+pigment+epithelium.">The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 78, 100846 (2020).</li><li>Mcbain, V. A., Townend, J., Lois, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progression+of+retinal+pigment+epithelial+atrophy+in+stargardt+disease.">Progression of retinal pigment epithelial atrophy in stargardt disease.</a> American Journal of Ophthamology. 154 (1), 146-154 (2012).</li><li>George, S. M., Lu, F., Rao, M., Leach, L. L., Gross, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+retinal+pigment+epithelium:+Development,+injury+responses,+and+regenerative+potential+in+mammalian+and+non-mammalian+systems.">The retinal pigment epithelium: Development, injury responses, and regenerative potential in mammalian and non-mammalian systems.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 85, 100969 (2021).</li><li>Rizzolo, L. J., Nasonkin, I. O., Adelman, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+cell+transplantation,+biomaterials,+and+in+vitro+models+for+developing+next-generation+therapies+of+age-related+macular+degeneration.">Retinal cell transplantation, biomaterials, and in vitro models for developing next-generation therapies of age-related macular degeneration.</a> Stem Cells Translational Medicine. 11 (3), 269-281 (2022).</li><li>Bertolotti, E., Neri, A., Camparini, M., Macaluso, C., Marigo, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+as+source+for+retinal+pigment+epithelium+transplantation.">Stem cells as source for retinal pigment epithelium transplantation.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 42, 130-144 (2014).</li><li>Da Cruz, ., L, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+1+clinical+study+of+an+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+retinal+pigment+epithelium+patch+in+age-related+macular+degeneration.">Phase 1 clinical study of an embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium patch in age-related macular degeneration.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 36 (4), 328-337 (2018).</li><li>Mehat, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+human+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+retinal+pigment+epithelial+cells+in+macular+degeneration.">Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells in macular degeneration.</a> Ophthalmology. 125 (11), 1765-1775 (2018).</li><li>Buchholz, D. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+and+efficient+directed+differentiation+of+human+pluripotent+stem+cells+into+retinal+pigmented+epithelium.">Rapid and efficient directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigmented epithelium.</a> Stem Cells Translational Medicine. 2 (5), 384-393 (2013).</li><li>Li, Q. -. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+assessment+of+cryopreserved+clinical+grade+hESC-RPE+cells+as+a+qualified+cell+source+for+stem+cell+therapy+of+retinal+degenerative+diseases.">Functional assessment of cryopreserved clinical grade hESC-RPE cells as a qualified cell source for stem cell therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.</a> Experimental Eye Research. 202, 108305 (2021).</li><li>Francois, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryopreserved+mesenchymal+stromal+cells+display+impaired+immunosuppressive+properties+as+a+result+of+heat-shock+response+and+impaired+interferon-gamma+licensing.">Cryopreserved mesenchymal stromal cells display impaired immunosuppressive properties as a result of heat-shock response and impaired interferon-gamma licensing.</a> Cytotherapy. 14 (2), 147-152 (2012).</li><li>Moll, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+cryopreserved+mesenchymal+stromal+cells+display+impaired+immunomodulatory+and+therapeutic+properties.">Do cryopreserved mesenchymal stromal cells display impaired immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties.</a> Stem Cells. 32 (9), 2430-2442 (2014).</li><li>Ekpo, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incorporating+cryopreservation+evaluations+into+the+design+of+cell-based+drug+delivery+systems:+an+opinion+paper.">Incorporating cryopreservation evaluations into the design of cell-based drug delivery systems: an opinion paper.</a> Frontiers in Immunology. 13, 967731 (2022).</li><li>Bailey, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+effects+of+osmolytes+in+cryopreserving+adherent+neuroblastoma+(Neuro-2a)+cells.">Protective effects of osmolytes in cryopreserving adherent neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells.</a> Cryobiology. 71 (3), 472-480 (2015).</li><li>Okumura, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility+of+a+cryopreservation+of+cultured+human+corneal+endothelial+cells.">Feasibility of a cryopreservation of cultured human corneal endothelial cells.</a> PLoS One. 14 (6), e0218431 (2019).</li><li>Pennington, B. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Xeno-free+cryopreservation+of+adherent+retinal+pigmented+epithelium+yields+viable+and+functional+cells+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">Xeno-free cryopreservation of adherent retinal pigmented epithelium yields viable and functional cells in vitro and in vivo.</a> Scientific Reports. 11 (1), 6286 (2021).</li><li>Woods, E. J., Thirumala, S., Badhe-Buchanan, S. S., Clarke, D., Mathew, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Off+the+shelf+cellular+therapeutics:+Factors+to+consider+during+cryopreservation+and+storage+of+human+cells+for+clinical+use.">Off the shelf cellular therapeutics: Factors to consider during cryopreservation and storage of human cells for clinical use.</a> Cytotherapy. 18 (6), 697-711 (2016).</li><li>Zhang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determining+the+optimal+stage+for+cryopreservation+of+human+embryonic+stem+cell-derived+retinal+pigment+epithelial+cells.">Determining the optimal stage for cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 13 (1), 454 (2022).</li><li>Leach, L. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cell-derived+retinal+pigmented+epithelium:+a+comparative+study+between+cell+lines+and+differentiation+Methods.">Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelium: a comparative study between cell lines and differentiation Methods.</a> Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 32 (5), 317-330 (2016).</li><li>Reichman, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+storable+retinal+organoids+and+retinal+pigmented+epithelium+from+adherent+human+iPS+cells+in+Xeno-free+and+feeder-free+conditions.">Generation of storable retinal organoids and retinal pigmented epithelium from adherent human iPS cells in Xeno-free and feeder-free conditions.</a> Stem Cells. 35 (5), 1176-1188 (2017).</li><li>Brandl, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In-depth+characterisation+of+retinal+pigment+epithelium+(RPE)+cells+derived+from+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+(hiPSC).">In-depth characterisation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC).</a> Neuromolecular Medicine. 16 (3), 551-564 (2014).</li><li>Hongisto, H., Ilmarinen, T., Vattulainen, M., Mikhailova, A., Skottman, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Xeno-+and+feeder-free+differentiation+of+human+pluripotent+stem+cells+to+two+distinct+ocular+epithelial+cell+types+using+simple+modifications+of+one+method.">Xeno- and feeder-free differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to two distinct ocular epithelial cell types using simple modifications of one method.</a> Stem Cell Research &amp; Therapy. 8 (1), 291 (2017).</li><li>Foltz, L. P., Clegg, D. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid,+directed+differentiation+of+retinal+pigment+epithelial+cells+from+human+embryonic+or+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Rapid, directed differentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE. (128), 10.3791/56274 (2017).</li><li>Marcantonini, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Natural+cryoprotective+and+cytoprotective+agents+in+cryopreservation:+a+focus+on+melatonin.">Natural cryoprotective and cytoprotective agents in cryopreservation: a focus on melatonin.</a> Molecules. 27 (10), 3254 (2022).</li></ol>

I denne undersøgelse beskrives en vellykket fryse-optøningsprotokol for hESC-afledte RPE-celler til forskning og kliniske behov. I modsætning til den udødeliggjorte RPE-cellelinje, ARPE-19, er RPE-celler med korrekt karakteristisk epitelfænotype og funktion, ligesom stamcelleafledte RPE-celler, mere følsomme over for kryokonservering. Mindre end 32 % af cellerne forblev 24 timer efter optøning, hvis de ikke blev korrekt bevaret17. Kryokonserveringstiming er en kritisk parameter. En etablere...

Nethindens pigmentepitel (RPE) er et pigmenteret monolag af celler, der er nødvendigt for at opretholde den korrekte funktion af nethinden1. RPE-dysfunktion og død er tæt forbundet med mange retinale degenerative sygdomme, herunder aldersrelateret makuladegeneration, retinitis pigmentosa og Stargardts sygdom 2,3. RPE-erstatningsterapi er et af de mest lovende behandlingsregimer for disse sygdomme 4,5,6,7. En stabil forsyning af donor-RPE-celler er afgørende for celleterapi. Humane embryonale stamceller (hESC)-afledte RPE-celler er en ideel cellekilde til celleterapi, fordi de efterligner funktionen af primære RPE-celler og kan producere en teoretisk ubegrænset forsyning8. Differentieringsprocessen er dog besværlig, og holdbarheden af de opnåede RPE-celler er relativt kort på grund af efterfølgende epitel-mesenkymal overgang (EMT). Derfor er kryokonservering af hESC-afledte RPE-celler et uundværligt skridt, der kræves til langtidsopbevaring og on-demand-distribution9.
Kryopræserveringsinduceret cellulær skade kan utilsigtet kompromittere terapeutisk effekt10,11. Derfor har nylige undersøgelser af kryopræservering foreslået, at optimale kryogene opbevaringsforhold bør bestemmes ved design af celleterapier12. Vellykket kryokonservering garanterer effektiv cellegendannelse, høj levedygtighed og gendannelse af cellefunktionen efter fryse-optøningscyklussen. Tidligere undersøgelser af kryopræservering af de vedhængende monolag af pattedyrceller har imidlertid rapporteret meget varierende (35%-95%) overlevelsesrater efter optøning 13,14,15. Mange faktorer påvirker i høj grad resultaterne af kryokonservering, især i frysefasen16,17. Nyere forskning viste, at RPE-celler frosset på forskellige tidspunkter udviste varieret restitution efter optøning17. Så vidt vi ved, mangler der undersøgelser af bestemmelsen af det optimale frysetidsvindue for stamcelleafledte RPE-celler. I forskellige undersøgelser blev cellerne frosset på forskellige stadier: nogle celler blev frosset kort efter passage eller før sammenløb eller pigmentering 8,15,18, mens andre blev frosset på andre tidspunkter 9,19,20,21. Desuden er der ingen klare beviser for, om fasen eller stadiet af RPE-celler, der anvendes til kryopræservering, påvirker RPE-funktionen efter optøning. I vores tidligere undersøgelse demonstrerede vi for første gang, at den eksponentielle fase af cellevækst (P2D5) er det bedste stadie til kryopræservering af hESC-afledte RPE-celler med hensyn til cellelevedygtighed og gendannelse af cellulære egenskaber og funktioner17.
Metoden, der er etableret her, har til formål at kryokonservere hESC-afledt RPE på et optimalt stadium for at opnå den bedste bevarelse med hensyn til cellelevedygtighed og funktion efter optøning. Ved hjælp af 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridin (EdU) mærkningsassay til at påvise den eksponentielle fase af DNA-syntese før kryokonservering udviste optøede RPE-celler >80 % levedygtighed og vedhæftningshastighed, RPE-specifik genekspression, polariseret cellemorfologi, pigmentepitel-afledt faktorsekretion, passende transepitelresistens og fagocytisk evne 8,17,22. Selvom denne protokol fokuserer på hESC-afledte RPE-celler, og ikke alle terapeutiske celler er lige kryokonserverede, kan strategien med frysning i den eksponentielle fase anvendes på mange andre terapeutiske celler.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>40 &#956;m Cell strainer</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>431750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Click-iT EdU Cell Proliferation Kit for Imaging, Alexa Fluor 488 Dye</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C10337</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryo freezing container</td>
			<td>Nalgene</td>
			<td>5100-0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CryoStor CS10</td>
			<td>Biolife Solutions</td>
			<td>07930</td>
			<td>cryopreservation medium #1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14190144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Genxin</td>
			<td>Selcell</td>
			<td>YB050050</td>
			<td>cryopreservation medium #2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human embryonic stem cells</td>
			<td>provided by Wicell, USA</td>
			<td>H9 cell line</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel, hESC-Qualified Matrix</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354277</td>
			<td>basement membrane matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ThawSTAR CFT2 Automated Cell Thawing System</td>
			<td>BioLife Solutions</td>
			<td>AST-601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue solution 0.4%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T8154</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TryPLE Select</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12563029</td>
			<td>cell dissociation reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XVIVO-10 medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>BEBP04-743Q</td>
			<td>RPE culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632</td>
			<td>Selleck</td>
			<td>S1049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells at the optimal stage

Retinale pigmentepitelceller (RPE) afledt af humane embryonale stamceller (hESC'er) er overlegne cellekilder til celleerstatningsterapi hos personer med retinale degenerative sygdomme; Undersøgelser af den stabile og sikre bank af disse terapeutiske celler er dog sparsomme. Meget variabel cellelevedygtighed og funktionel genopretning af RPE-celler efter kryokonservering er de mest almindeligt forekommende problemer. I denne protokol sigtede vi mod at opnå den bedste cellegenvindingshastighed efter optøning ved at vælge den optimale cellefase til frysning baseret på de oprindelige eksperimentelle betingelser. Celler blev frosset i den eksponentielle fase bestemt ved hjælp af 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridin-mærkningsassayet, hvilket forbedrede cellernes levedygtighed og restitutionshastighed efter optøning. Stabile og funktionelle celler blev opnået kort efter optøning, uafhængigt af en lang differentieringsproces. De metoder, der er beskrevet her, tillader enkel, effektiv og billig konservering og optøning af hESC-afledte RPE-celler. Selvom denne protokol fokuserer på RPE-celler, kan denne frysestrategi anvendes på mange andre typer differentierede celler.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a pigmented monolayer of cells required for maintaining the proper function of the retina1. RPE dysfunction and death are closely associated with many retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and Stargardt disease2,3. RPE replacement therapy is one of the most promising treatment regimens for these diseases4,5,6,7. A stable supply of donor RPE cells is vital for cell therapy. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived RPE cells are an ideal cell source for cell therapy because they mimic the function of primary RPE cells and can produce a theoretically unlimited supply8. However, the differentiation process is laborious and the shelf-life of the obtained RPE cells is relatively short because of subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, the cryopreservation of hESC-derived RPE cells is an indispensable step required for long-term storage and on-demand distribution9.
Cryopreservation-induced cellular damage can inadvertently compromise therapeutic efficacy10,11. Therefore, recent studies on cryopreservation have proposed that optimal cryogenic storage conditions should be determined when designing cell therapies12. Successful cryopreservation guarantees efficient cell recovery, high viability, and cell function restoration after the freeze-thaw cycle. However, previous studies on the cryopreservation of the adherent monolayers of mammalian cells have reported highly variable (35%-95%) survival rates after thawing13,14,15. Many factors considerably affect the outcomes of cryopreservation, particularly during the freezing stage16,17. Recent research showed that RPE cells frozen at different time points exhibited varied recovery after thawing17. To the best of our knowledge, studies on the determination of the optimal freezing time window for stem cell-derived RPE cells are lacking. In different studies, the cells were frozen at various stages: some cells were frozen shortly after passaging or before confluency or pigmentation8,15,18, whereas others were frozen at other time points9,19,20,21. Furthermore, there is no clear evidence of whether the phase or stage of RPE cells used for cryopreservation affects RPE function after thawing. In our previous study, we demonstrated for the first time that the exponential phase of cell growth (P2D5) is the best stage for the cryopreservation of hESC-derived RPE cells in terms of cell viability and the recovery of cellular properties and functions17.
The method established here aims to cryopreserve hESC-derived RPE at an optimal stage to achieve the best preservation in terms of cell viability and function after thawing. Using the 5-ethynyl-2&#39;-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling assay to detect the exponential phase of DNA synthesis before cryopreservation, thawed RPE cells exhibited &#62;80% viability and attachment rate, RPE-specific gene expression, polarized cell morphology, pigment epithelium-derived factor secretion, appropriate transepithelial resistance, and phagocytic ability8,17,22. Although this protocol focuses&#160;on hESC-derived RPE cells and not all therapeutic cells are equally cryopreserved, the strategy of freezing in the exponential phase may be applied to many other therapeutic cells.

Forfatter Spotlight: Udvikling af en effektiv og gennemførlig metode til frysning af retinal pigmentepitelcelle

Kryopræservering af humane embryonale stamcelleafledte retinale pigmentepitelceller på det optimale stadium

Our lab aims to better understand the molecular mechanism of retinal diseases, with a focus on unmet medical needs of patients. We aim to develop effective treatments, such as stem-cell-based therapies, for them. Cryopreservation of stem-cell-derived RPE cells is an important step for RPE replacement therapy.Currently, the cells are frozen at various stages, resulting in highly variable survival rates for thawing. This is needed to determine the optimal cell stage for freezing these cells. Our protocol provides a simple, efficient, and inexpensive ways of freezing RPE cells by determining the exponential phase of RPE cells for freezing.It's less dependent of differentiated methods or cell lines.

Her blev hESC-afledte RPE-celler ved P1D35 passeret og sået med en tæthed på 105/cm2. Inden for en uge efter såning gik den karakteristiske sekskantede morfologi og pigmentering tabt i forsinkelsesfasen (ca. 2 dage). RPE-celler genindtog gradvist den sekskantede morfologi i den eksponentielle fase (ca. 5 dage, figur 1A) og gik ind i decelerationsfasen (ca. 6 dage) med en mere polygonal morfologi. Hvis celledyrkningen fortsatte i endnu en uge, faldt celleproliferatio...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cryopreservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells at the Optimal Stage at JoVE.com

Denne undersøgelse giver en detaljeret protokol for effektiv kryokonservering af humane stamcelle-afledte retinale pigmentepitelceller.

Retinal pigment epithelial&#160;(RPE) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are superior cell sources for cell replacement therapy in ...

Vores laboratorium har til formål at forstå den molekylære mekanisme for nethindesygdomme bedre med fokus på uopfyldte medicinske behov hos patienter. Vi sigter mod at udvikle effektive behandlinger, såsom stamcellebaserede terapier, til dem. Kryokonservering af stamcelleafledte RPE-celler er et vigtigt skridt for RPE-erstatningsterapi.I øjeblikket er cellerne frosset på forskellige stadier, hvilket resulterer i meget varierende overlevelsesrater for optøning. Dette er nødvendigt for at bestemme det optimale cellestadium til frysning af disse celler. Vores protokol giver en enkel, effektiv og billig måde at fryse RPE-celler på ved at bestemme den eksponentielle fase af RPE-celler til frysning.Det er mindre afhængigt af differentierede metoder eller cellelinjer.

cryopreservation-human-embryonic-stem-cell-derived-retinal-pigment

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Cryopreservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells at the Optimal Stage

Retinal pigment epithelial&#160;(RPE) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are superior cell sources for cell replacement therapy in individuals with retinal degenerative diseases; however, studies on the stable and secure banking of these therapeutic cells are scarce. Highly variable cell viability and functional recovery of&#160;RPE cells after cryopreservation are the most commonly encountered issues. In the present protocol, we aimed to achieve the best cell recovery rate after thawing by selecting the optimal cell phase for freezing based on the original experimental conditions. Cells were frozen in the exponential phase determined by using the 5-ethynyl-2&#8242;-deoxyuridine labeling assay, which improved cell viability and recovery rate after thawing. Stable and functional cells were obtained shortly after thawing, independent of a long differentiation process. The methods described here allow the simple, efficient, and inexpensive preservation and thawing of hESC-derived RPE cells. Although this protocol focuses on RPE cells, this freezing strategy may be applied to many other types of differentiated cells.

This study provides a detailed protocol for the efficient cryopreservation of human stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Dissociation and Optimal Cryopreservation Stage Determination

To begin, dilute a vial of thawed cold basement membrane matrix with 12 milliliters of DM EM F12. Mix the suspension well. Add one cover slip into each well of a 24-well plate.Then, pipette 250 microliters of the dilute matrix solution into each well. Discard the culture medium of the cultured hESC derived retinal pigment epithelial cell plates. Wash the plates two times with one milliliter of preheated PBS per well.Next, add 0.5 milliliters of the cell dissociation reagent to the wells of the culture plates, and incubate them at 37 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes to initiate digestion. After incubation, observe the cells under the microscope to confirm the end of digestion. Now with a one milliliter pipette, gently pipette the cell suspension up and down 10 times.Add preheated culture medium to dilute the suspension. Then, centrifuge it at 250 G for three minutes at room temperature. Pour out the supernatant from the centrifuge tube.Then, re-suspend the cell pellet in two milliliters of the culture medium. Use a pipette to mix the cells 10 to 15 times. Filter the cell suspension through a 40 micrometer cell strainer.Next, count the retinal pigment epithelial cells. Aspirate the coating solution before plating. Then, add one milliliter of the culture medium into each well and seed the cells on the cover slips.After EDU incorporation and staining, capture the images of five random fields with a fluorescence microscope. Calculate the percentage of EDU positive cells. Then, plot the corresponding proportion time curves to generate a growth curve.Lastly, determine the freezing window from the exponential phase for each cell line. The retinal pigment epithelial cells initially lost their characteristic hexagonal morphology, but later regained it in the exponential phase of growth. When the cells were cultured for an additional week, cell proliferation decreased.EDU proliferation assay confirmed that P2 day five cells exhibited a higher proliferation rate, whereas P2 day 11 cells had entered the deceleration phase.

Human embryonal stamcelle-afledt retinal pigment epitelcelledissociation og optimal bestemmelse af kryopræserveringsstadiet

Preservation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells with Optimized Cryopreservation

To begin, dissociate the hESC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells, prepare the cell suspension, and then count the cells. Now, centrifuge the cells at 250g for three minutes at room temperature. Pour out the supernatant, then, resuspend the cell pellet in cryopreservation medium.Next, transfer one milliliter of the cell suspension to a 1.2-milliliter cryogenic vial. Place the cryogenic vials in a freezing container and freeze overnight at minus 80 degrees Celsius. Transfer the vials to liquid nitrogen for long-term storage.To thaw the frozen vials, first heat the culture medium in metallic beads heated to 37 degrees Celsius, pre-fill 10 milliliters of the warmed culture medium into a 15-milliliter tube. Now, remove the cryogenic vials from the liquid nitrogen and place them in an automated thawing system for rapid thawing. Drop 0.5 to one milliliter of the preheated culture medium into the cryogenic vial to ensure gradual cell adaptation.Then, pipet 1.5 to two milliliters of the cell suspension to the 15-milliliter tube with medium. Centrifuge the cells at 250g for three minutes at room temperature. Then, discard the supernatant.Resuspend the pellet in two milliliters of warm medium. Load the cells in a hemocytometer and count them to determine the recovery and survival rates. Culture the thawed cells on basement membrane coated plates in a culture medium with Y27632.The retinal pigment epithelial cells that were frozen on day five in their exponential phase displayed a higher attachment rate after thawing. Relative to their characteristic hexagonal morphology, the cells frozen at other time points had a fibroblastic phenotype. P2 day-five cells displayed higher expression and more properly localized cell markers 28 days after thawing.It was noted that different cryopreservation media performed equally well in achieving high cell viability and attachment post-thawing.