Name: Yazar Spotlight: Hücre Bariyeri Bütünlüğünü Değerlendirmek için TEER Algılama Uygulamaları
Uploaded: 2023-09-29T13:40:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Applications of TEER Detection to Assess Cell Barrier Integrity at JoVE.com

Çin Ulusal Doğa Bilimleri Vakfı'nın (82274207 ve 82104533), Ningxia'nın Temel Araştırma ve Geliştirme Programı'nın (2023BEG02012) ve TCM Chengdu Üniversitesi'nin (XKTD2022013) Xinglin Scholar Araştırma Teşvik Projesi'nin mali desteğini takdir ediyoruz.

NOT: Fare beyninden türetilen Endotel hücreleri.3 (bEnd.3), belirli ortam koşulları altında basit bir in vitro BBB modeli oluşturmak için 24 oyuklu bir plakanın odalarına aşılandı. Normal hücrelerin ve hipoksik hücrelerin TEER metresi ile ölçüldü (Şekil 1 ve Şekil 2).
1. Çözelti hazırlama
<ol><li>FBS (% 10, v / v), 100 U / mL penisilin ve 10 mg / mL streptomisin içeren DMEM hücre k?...

Hücre Bariyeri Bütünlüğünü Değerlendirmek için Transendotelyal Direnç Ölçümü

<ol>
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En gelişmiş vücut organlarından biri olan beyin, hafıza, biliş, işitme, koku alma ve hareket dahil olmak üzere çok çeşitli karmaşık fizyolojik süreçleri kontrol eder27. Beyin aynı zamanda insan vücudunun en karmaşık ve hastalıklı organlarından biridir. Birçok merkezi sinir sistemi bozukluğunun ortaya çıkması, hava kirliliği, düzensiz beslenme alışkanlıkları ve diğer faktörler gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak yıldan yıla artan bir eğilim göstermektedir 27,28,29...

BBB, vasküler endotel hücreleri, perisitler, astrositler, nöronlar ve diğer hücresel yapılardan oluşan kan dolaşımı ve sinir dokusu arasında benzersiz bir biyolojik arayüzdür1. Kan ve beyin arasındaki iyonların, kimyasalların ve hücrelerin akışı bu bariyer tarafından sıkı bir şekilde düzenlenir. Bu homeostaz, sinir dokularını toksinlere ve patojenlere karşı korurken, aynı zamanda beyin sinirlerinin uygun şekilde çalışmasını sağlar 2,3. BBB'nin bütünlüğünün korunması, nöronal disfonksiyon, ödem ve nöroinflamasyon gibi merkezi sinir sistemini etkileyen bozuklukların gelişmesini ve ilerlemesini etkili bir şekilde önleyebilir4. Bununla birlikte, BBB'nin benzersiz fizyolojik özellikleri, küçük moleküllü ilaçların% 98'inden fazlasının ve makromoleküler farmasötiklerin% 100'ünün merkezi sinir sistemine girmesini önler5. Bu nedenle, merkezi sinir sistemi için ilaçların geliştirilmesi sırasında ilaçların BBB yoluyla penetrasyonunun arttırılması, terapötik etkinliğin elde edilmesi için esastır 6,7. Substratların bilgisayar simülasyonu taraması, ilaç adaylarının BBB'yi geçme olasılığını önemli ölçüde artırmış olsa da, bilimsel araştırma ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için hala güvenilir ve uygun fiyatlı in vitro/in vivo BBB modellerine ihtiyaç vardır8.
Yüksek verimli ilaç taraması için hızlı ve uygun fiyatlı bir teknik, in vitro model9'dur. İlaçların BBB fonksiyonu üzerindeki etkilerinin temel süreçlerine ve hastalığın gelişimi ve ilerlemesindeki rollerine ışık tutmak için bir dizi basitleştirilmiş in vitro BBB modeli oluşturulmuştur. Şu anda, yaygın in vitro BBB modelleri, vasküler endotel hücreleri ve astrositler, perisitler veya mikroglia13,14 tarafından oluşturulan tek katmanlı, ko-kültür, dinamik ve mikroakışkan modellerdir 10,11,12. Her ne kadar 3D hücre kültürleri BBB15'in fizyolojik yapısı ile daha uyumlu olsa da, BBB için bir ilaç tarama aracı olarak uygulamaları, karmaşık tasarımları ve ortalamanın altında tekrarlanabilirlikleri nedeniyle hala kısıtlanmaktadır. Buna karşılık, tek katmanlı in vitro model, BBB'yi araştırmak için en sık kullanılan modeldir ve belirli hücrelerde membran taşıyıcılarının ve sıkı bağlantı proteinlerinin ekspresyonunu belirlemek için uygulanabilir.
Transmembran elektrik direnci (TEER) ölçümü, direnç boyunca hücre katmanını değerlendirmek ve izlemek ve bariyerin hücre bütünlüğünü ve geçirgenliğini değerlendirmek için kullanılan bir tekniktir. Tek tabakanın her iki tarafındaki büyüme ortamına veya tampon çözeltisine aynı anda iki elektrot yerleştirerek, hücrenin kompakt tabakası16,17 boyunca alternatif akımı veya elektrik empedansını ölçmek mümkündür. İn vitro BBB modelinin uygun şekilde oluşturulup oluşturulmadığını belirlemek için, TEER ölçümü genellikle altın standart18 olarak kullanılacaktır. Öte yandan, BBB geçirgenliği üzerindeki ilaç etkisinin eğilimi, ilaç tutulumundan sonra hücre tabakasının elektrik direncindeki değişimin ölçülmesiyle doğru bir şekilde tahmin edilebilir19. Örneğin, Feng ve ark. katalpolün (rehmanniae'nin birincil aktif monomeri), BBB'deki sıkı bağlantı proteinlerinin lipopolisakkarit kaynaklı aşağı regülasyonunu etkili bir şekilde tersine çevirebileceğini ve fare beyni endotel hücre tabakasınınTEER değerini 20 yükseltebileceğini keşfetti.
Nöroinflamatuar yanıt genellikle BBB homeostaz dengesizliğinin ana nedenidir21. Nöroinflamatuar hasarı indüklemek için hipoksik tedavi, esas olarak fiziksel yöntemler ve kimyasal reaktif yöntemleri dahil olmak üzere kan-beyin bariyerini yok etmenin ana yöntemidir. İlki, hipoksik koşulları22 simüle etmek için hücre büyüme ortamındaki oksijen içeriğini değiştirmek için öncelikle üç gazlı bir inkübatör kullanırken, ikincisi, CoCl2 gibi deoksi reaktiflerinin hücre kültürü ortamına23 yapay olarak sokulmasıyla elde edilir. Fe2 + Co2 + ile ikame edilirse hücreler oksijensiz bir durumda kalacaktır 2 + heme'de. Katalitik grupta Co2+ yerine Fe2+ ikame edilirse, prolin hidroksilaz ve aspartat hidroksilaz aktivitesi inhibe edilecek ve hipoksi ile indüklenebilir faktör-1α (HIF-1α) birikimine neden olacaktır24. Kalıcı hipoksi altında, sitoplazmada HIF-1α'nın fosforilasyonu hücre ölümünü tetikler ve sonuçta vasküler geçirgenliği artıran vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörünü aktive eder. Önceki çalışmalarda 25,26, hipoksinin BBB'nin geçirgenliğini artırmak için endotelyal sıkı bağlantı proteinlerinin ekspresyonunu önemli ölçüde azaltabileceği iyi gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, basit bir BBB modeli oluşturmak için 24 oyuklu plakalara ekilen bEnd.3 hücrelerinin zaman-direnç eğrisi ölçülmüştür. Bu modeli kullanarak, BBB koruması için ilaçları taramak için kullanılabilecek bir hücre modeli oluşturmak için CoCl2 müdahalesinden sonra hücre TEER'sindeki değişiklikleri karakterize ettik.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>24-well transwell plate</td>
			<td>Corning (Corning 3470, 0.33 cm2, 0.4 &#181;m)</td>
			<td>10522023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75 % ethanol</td>
			<td>ChengDu Chron Chemicals Co,.Ltd</td>
			<td>2023052901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate</td>
			<td>Guangzhou Jet Bio-Filtration Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>220412-078-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bEnd.3 cells</td>
			<td>Hunan Fenghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>CL0049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8)</td>
			<td>Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>BG0025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture dish (100mm)</td>
			<td>Zhejiang Sorfa Life Science Research Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>1192022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>15862</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>PYG0040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s modified eagle medium (1x)</td>
			<td>Gibco ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>8121587</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Gibco ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>2166090RP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GraphPad Prism software</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software</td>
			<td>9.0.0(121)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel (Contains collagen IV)</td>
			<td>MedChemexpress</td>
			<td>HY-K6002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate reader</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>SpectraMax iD5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OriginPro 8 software</td>
			<td>OriginLab Corporation</td>
			<td>v8.0724(B724)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (100x)</td>
			<td>Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>17C18B16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 1x)</td>
			<td>Gibco ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>8120485</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hypochlorite</td>
			<td>ChengDu Chron Chemicals Co,.Ltd</td>
			<td>2022091501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transmembrane resistance meter</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments LLC</td>
			<td>VOM3 (verison 1.6)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin 0.25% (1x)</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>J210045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

barrier functional integrity recording on bend.3 vascular endothelial cells via transendothelial electrical resistance detection

Kan-beyin bariyeri (BBB), mikrovasküler endotel hücreleri, astrositler ve perisitlerden oluşan dinamik bir fizyolojik yapıdır. Zararlı maddelerin sınırlı geçişi, besin emilimi ve beyindeki metabolit klirensi arasındaki etkileşimi koordine ederek, BBB merkezi sinir sistemi homeostazının korunmasında esastır. BBB'nin in vitro modellerini oluşturmak, nörolojik bozuklukların patofizyolojisini araştırmak ve farmakolojik tedaviler oluşturmak için değerli bir araçtır. Bu çalışma, bEnd.3 hücrelerini 24 oyuklu bir plakanın üst odasına tohumlayarak in vitro tek katmanlı bir BBB hücre modeli oluşturmak için bir prosedürü açıklamaktadır. Hücre bariyeri fonksiyonunun bütünlüğünü değerlendirmek için, normal hücrelerin ve CoCl2 ile indüklenen hipoksik hücrelerin transmembran elektrik direncini gerçek zamanlı olarak kaydetmek için geleneksel epitel hücre voltmetresi kullanıldı. Yukarıdaki deneylerin, merkezi sinir sistemi hastalıklarının bozukluklarını tedavi etmek için in vitro BBB ve ilaç modellerinin oluşturulması için etkili fikirler sağlayacağını tahmin ediyoruz.

BBB is a unique biological interface between blood circulation and nerve tissue, which is composed of vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and other cellular structures1. The flow of ions, chemicals, and cells between the blood and the brain is strictly regulated by this barrier. This homeostasis safeguards the nervous tissues against toxins and pathogens while also enabling the appropriate operation of the brain&#39;s nerves2,3. Maintaining the integrity of the BBB can effectively prevent the development and progression of disorders affecting the central nervous system, such as neuronal dysfunction, edema, and neuroinflammation4. However, the unique physiological properties of the BBB prevent more than 98% of small molecule medications and 100% of macromolecular pharmaceuticals from entering the central nervous system5. Therefore, increasing the penetration of medications through the BBB during the development of drugs for the central nervous system is essential for achieving therapeutic efficacy6,7. Even though computer simulation screening of substrates has significantly raised the probability of drug candidates crossing the BBB, reliable and affordable in vitro/in vivo BBB models are still needed to meet the needs of scientific research8.
A quick and affordable technique for high-throughput drug screening is the in vitro model9. To shed light on the fundamental processes of medicines&#39; effects on BBB function and their part in the development and progression of disease, a series of simplified in vitro BBB models has been created. At present, the common in vitro BBB models are the monolayer, co-culture, dynamic, and microfluidic models10,11,12, constructed by vascular endothelial cells and astrocytes, pericytes, or microglia13,14. Although 3D cell cultures are morein line with the physiological structure of BBB15, their application as a means of drug screening for BBB is still constrained by their intricate design and subpar reproducibility. In contrast, the monolayer in vitro model is the one most frequently used to research the BBB and is applicable for determining the expression of membrane transporters and tight junction proteins in particular cells.
Transmembrane electrical resistance (TEER) measurement is a technique to evaluate and monitor the layer of cells across the resistance and evaluate the cell integrity and permeability of the barrier. By simultaneously inserting two electrodes into the growth medium or buffer solution on either side of the monolayer, it is possible to measure the alternating current or electrical impedance through the cell&#39;s compact layer16,17. In order to determine whether the in vitro BBB model has been properly created, the measurement of TEER will usually be employed as the gold standard18. On the other hand, the trend of medication action on BBB permeability can be accurately predicted by measuring the change in electrical resistance of the cell layer after drug involvement19. For example, Feng et al. discovered that catalpol (the primary active monomer of rehmanniae) could effectively reverse the lipopolysaccharide-induced down-regulation of tight junction proteins in the BBB and raise the TEER value of the mouse brain endothelial cell layer20.
The neuroinflammatory response is usually the main cause of BBB homeostasis imbalance21. Hypoxic treatment to induce neuroinflammatory injury is the main method to destroy the blood-brain barrier, mainly including physical methods and chemical reagent methods. The former primarily utilizes a three-gas incubator to vary the oxygen content in the cell growth environment to simulate hypoxic conditions22,while the latter is achieved by artificially introducing deoxy reagents such as CoCl2 to the cell culture medium23. The cells will remain in a deoxygenated condition if Fe2+ is substituted for Co2+ in the heme. If Fe2+ is substituted for Co2+ in the catalytic group, proline hydroxylase and aspartate hydroxylase activity will be inhibited, resulting in an accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1&#945; (HIF-1&#945;)24. Under persistent hypoxia, the dephosphorylation of HIF-1&#945; in the cytoplasm triggers cell death and activates vascular endothelial growth factor, which ultimately raises vascular permeability. In previous studies25,26, it has been well demonstrated that hypoxia can significantly reduce the expression of endothelial tight junction proteins to increase the permeability of BBB. In this study, the time-resistance curve of bEnd.3 cells seeded in 24-well plates were measured in order to create a straightforward BBB model. Using this model, we characterized the changes in cell TEER after CoCl2 intervention in order to construct a cell model that can be used to screen drugs for BBB protection.

Yazar Spotlight: Hücre Bariyeri Bütünlüğünü Değerlendirmek için TEER Algılama Uygulamaları 

bEnd.3 Transendotelyal Elektriksel Direnç Tespiti Yoluyla Vasküler Endotel Hücrelerinde Bariyer Fonksiyonel Bütünlük Kaydı

Current studies typically use permeability tests and associated protein expression to verify the accuracy of TEER detection. The BBB model of monolayer cells in virtue is less effective for drug screening, and the use of more cells makes it more difficult to construct the model. The protocol of this study is relatively simple, as the non-invasive procedure allows the cell samples to be used in other experiments after TEER detection.The detection of TEER to assess the permeability of cell models can accelerate the screening of drugs for treatment and prevention of the central nervous system to increase the success rate of new drug development. In the future, we will detect the expression of tight junction protein in upper compartment cells of chest wall to verify that TEER test results can effectively represent the integrity of BBB barrier function.

Bu protokol, transendotelyal direnç ölçerde ayarlanan parametrelere göre hücrelerin direnç değerlerindeki değişikliklerin kaydedilmesine izin verdi. Farklı konsantrasyonlarda CoCl2 ile muamele edilen bEnd.3 hücrelerinin (canlı hücre sayısı) canlılığı CCK-8 testi ile tarandı. CoCl2 tarafından üretilen daha büyük hücre hasarı, daha düşük hücre canlılığı ile temsil edildi. 300 μMCoCl2'nin in vitro olarak önemli ölçüde sitotoksik olduğunu buldu...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Applications of TEER Detection to Assess Cell Barrier Integrity at JoVE.com

Bu protokol, beyin kan bariyerinin güvenilir ve verimli bir in vitro modelini tanımlar. Yöntem, fare serebral vasküler endotel hücreleri bEnd.3'ü kullanır ve transmembran elektrik direncini ölçer.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic physiological structure composed of microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. By coordinating ...

Mevcut çalışmalar, TEER tespitinin doğruluğunu doğrulamak için tipik olarak geçirgenlik testlerini ve ilişkili protein ekspresyonunu kullanır. Erdemdeki tek katmanlı hücrelerin BBB modeli, ilaç taraması için daha az etkilidir ve daha fazla hücrenin kullanılması, modelin oluşturulmasını zorlaştırır. Bu çalışmanın protokolü nispeten basittir, çünkü non-invaziv prosedür, hücre örneklerinin TEER tespitinden sonra diğer deneylerde kullanılmasına izin verir.Hücre modellerinin geçirgenliğini değerlendirmek için TEER'in saptanması, yeni ilaç geliştirmenin başarı oranını artırmak için merkezi sinir sisteminin tedavisi ve önlenmesi için ilaçların taranmasını hızlandırabilir. Gelecekte, TEER test sonuçlarının BBB bariyer fonksiyonunun bütünlüğünü etkili bir şekilde temsil edebileceğini doğrulamak için göğüs duvarının üst bölme hücrelerinde sıkı bağlantı proteininin ekspresyonunu tespit edeceğiz.

barrier-functional-integrity-recording-on-bend3-vascular-endothelial

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Barrier Functional Integrity Recording on bEnd.3 Vascular Endothelial Cells via Transendothelial Electrical Resistance Detection

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic physiological structure composed of microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. By coordinating the interaction between restricted transit of harmful substances, nutrient absorption, and metabolite clearance in the brain, the BBB is essential in preserving central nervous system homeostasis. Building in vitro models of the BBB is a valuable tool for exploring the pathophysiology of neurological disorders and creating pharmacological treatments. This study describes a procedure for creating an in vitro monolayer BBB cell model by seeding bEnd.3 cells into the upper chamber of a 24-well plate. To assess the integrity of cell barrier function, the conventional epithelial cell voltmeter was used to record the transmembrane electrical resistance of normal cells and CoCl2-induced hypoxic cells in real-time. We anticipate that the above experiments will provide effective ideas for the creation of in vitro models of BBB and drugs to treat disorders of central nervous system diseases.

This protocol describes a dependable and efficient in vitro model of the brain blood barrier. The method uses mouse cerebral vascular endothelial cells bEnd.3 and measures transmembrane electrical resistance.

Nörobilim

Culture of bEnd.3 Cells and Cell Viability After CoCl2 Treatment

Culture of bEnd.3 Cells and Cell Viability After CoCl2 Treatment  

To begin, prepare DMEM cell culture medium containing FBS, penicillin, and streptomycin. Also, prepare a 100 millimolar cobalt chloride stock solution by adding 1.30 milligrams of cobalt chloride to 100 microliters of DMSO. Next, seed one milliliter of BEND3 cells in a 100-milliliter culture dish containing DMEM medium and culture at 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified atmosphere of 5%carbon dioxide.Change the medium every two to three days and subculture the cells two times a week. After BEND3 cells grow to 80%confluence, digest the cells with 0.25%trypsin for 30 seconds. Count the cells using a cell counter and make a suspension of density seven times 10 to the fourth cells per milliliter.Then, seed 100 microliters of this cell suspension in a 96-well plate for cell adhesion. Then wash the cells with PBS and add 100 microliters of culture medium containing cobalt chloride. Culture the cells for 24 hours.After incubation, remove the medium and wash with PBS. Next, add 100 microliters of CCK-8 solution. Incubate the plates at 37 degrees Celsius for one hour, then measure the absorbance at 450 nanometers using a microplate reader.Calculate the cell viability induced by cobalt chloride according to this formula. Select the concentration with a significant difference in cell viability reduction compared with the control group. The viability of BEND3 cells treated with different concentrations of cobalt chloride was analyzed by CoCl2.The results indicated that 300 micromolar of cobalt chloride showed significant in vitro cytotoxicity.

CoCl2 Tedavisi Sonrası bEnd.3 Hücrelerinin Kültürü ve Hücre Canlılığı

In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Assembly for Measurement of TEER

To begin, rinse the upper chamber of 24 well plates with PBS. Mix the BEND3 cells with DMEM medium using a vortex mixer to make a suspension. Then, seed 200 microliters of BEND3 cell suspension on the PET membrane in the upper chamber of a 24 well plate.Add 1, 200 microliters of complete medium to the lower chamber of the plate to stabilize the osmotic pressure of the upper and lower chambers. Change the medium by slowly removing the old medium from one side with a negative-pressure pipette and adding a new medium along the wall during fluid exchange. Before measuring TEER, place the resistor, 5%sodium hypochlorite solution, 75%ethanol, and double distilled water on an ultra clean table.Turn on the UV irradiation for 30 minutes to eliminate residual bacteria and pathogens. Place the electrodes in 5%sodium hypochlorite solution with slow shaking for three to five seconds. Then immerse in 75%ethanol for 15 minutes.Finally, transfer to PBS or double distilled water until use. Next, turn on the switch at the back of the cell resistor meter. Click Select Plate and Select 24 well plate.According to the operation, select the appropriate detection sequence. Insert a kilo ohm resistor into the right plug to calibrate the instrument. If the calibration result is 1000 plus minus 5 ohms, consider the instrument accurate.If not, click on Mode Units on the main interface to select Ohms and then click Calibrate. Then, remove the kilo ohm resistor and replace it with the measuring electrode using a connecting wire. Place the electrode vertically into the 24 well plate containing only medium and click Blank Handling on the instrument.The background value of the plate resistance without seated cells should be about 134.4 ohm. Next, insert the two electrodes into the upper and lower chambers of the seated plate, such that the cell layer is between them. Record the resistance value by gently stepping on the pedal.Make sure that the electrode does not touch the cells in the upper chamber and the bottom of the lower chamber. Obtain TEER values by multiplying electrical resistance values with the bottom area of the upper chamber, as shown in the equation. Draw a line plot of TEER versus time in days.When the resistance value does not increase with time, the cells have formed a barrier. The resistance values plotted versus time for BEND3 cells showed that the cell TEER values began to stabilize on the fifth day.

TEER Ölçümü için In Vitro Kan-Beyin Bariyeri Model Düzeneği

Barrier Destruction and Statistical Analysis After TEER Measurement in an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model

Begin by culturing the BEND3 cells, then divide the wells into the control group and cobalt chloride group. Add 200 microliters of culture medium into the upper chamber of the control group and culture medium containing 300 micromolar cobalt chloride into the cobalt chloride group. Incubate the plates at 37 degrees Celsius and detect the resistance values at 12 and 24 hours of incubation using TEER method.Use commercial software to map the trend of TEER values of the cell barrier. Use statistical analysis software to analyze the difference in resistance values between cobalt chloride treated cells and control cells. Addition of 300 micromolar cobalt chloride resulted in a significant decrease in TEER values compared to the control at both the 12-hour and 24-hour time points.After 24 hours, the TEER value of 300 micromolar cobalt chloride group reduced compared to the control group, indicating breakdown of the cell barrier that was induced by hypoxic conditions due to cobalt chloride.