<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>गैस्ट्रोइंटेस्टाइनल डायनेमिक्स और गतिशीलता पर दवा प्रभाव का अध्ययन करने के लिए प्रोटोकॉल

<ol>
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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-term+probiotic+therapy+alleviates+small+intestinal+bacterial+overgrowth,+but+does+not+improve+intestinal+permeability+in+chronic+liver+disease.">Short-term probiotic therapy alleviates small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, but does not improve intestinal permeability in chronic liver disease.</a> Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 26 (12), 1353-1359 (2014).</li><li>Tang, A. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelial+Tlr4+and+the+microbiome+drive+cerebral+cavernous+malformations.">Endothelial Tlr4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations.</a> Nature. 545 (7654), 305-310 (2017).</li><li>Mayer, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gut+feelings:+the+emerging+biology+of+gut-brain+communication.">Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut-brain communication.</a> Nature Rev Neurosci. 12 (8), 453-466 (2011).</li><li>Singh, R., Zogg, H., Ghoshal, U. C., Ro, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+treatment+options+and+therapeutic+insights+for+gastrointestinal+dysmotility+and+functional+gastrointestinal+disorders.">Current treatment options and therapeutic insights for gastrointestinal dysmotility and functional gastrointestinal disorders.</a> Front Pharmacol. 13, 1-20 (2022).</li><li>Sanger, G. J., Alpers, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+drugs+for+gastrointestinal+motor+disorders:+Translating+science+to+clinical+need.">Development of drugs for gastrointestinal motor disorders: Translating science to clinical need.</a> Neurogastroenterol Motil. 20 (3), 177-184 (2008).</li><li>Valentin, N., Acosta, A., Camilleri, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+investigational+therapeutics+for+gastrointestinal+motility+disorders:+From+animal+studies+to+phase+ii+trials.">Early investigational therapeutics for gastrointestinal motility disorders: From animal studies to phase ii trials.</a> Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 24 (6), 769-779 (2015).</li><li>Shoor, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Athletes,+nonsteroidal+anti-inflammatory+drugs,+coxibs,+and+the+gastrointestinal+tract.">Athletes, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, coxibs, and the gastrointestinal tract.</a> Curr Sports Med Rep. 1 (2), 107-115 (2002).</li><li>Lacy, B. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+antidepressants+on+gastric+function+in+patients+with+functional+dyspepsia.">Effects of antidepressants on gastric function in patients with functional dyspepsia.</a> Am J Gastroenterol. 113 (2), 216-224 (2018).</li><li>Lin, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+ginsenosides+on+contractile+activity+of+antibiotic-treated+isolated+small+intestinal+smooth+muscle+in+mice.">The effects of ginsenosides on contractile activity of antibiotic-treated isolated small intestinal smooth muscle in mice.</a> Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research. 33 (04), 790-793 (2022).</li><li>Jespersen, B., Tykocki, N. R., Watts, S. W., Cobbett, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+smooth+muscle+function+in+the+isolated+tissue+bath-applications+to+pharmacology+research.">Measurement of smooth muscle function in the isolated tissue bath-applications to pharmacology research.</a> J Vis Exp. (95), e52324 (2015).</li><li>Park, K. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+assessment+of+contractility,+fatigability+and+alternans+in+isolated+skeletal+muscles.">Ex vivo assessment of contractility, fatigability and alternans in isolated skeletal muscles.</a> J Vis Exp. (69), e4198 (2012).</li><li>Semenov, I., Herlihy, J. T., Brenner, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+measurements+of+tracheal+constriction+using+mice.">In vitro measurements of tracheal constriction using mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (64), e3703 (2012).</li><li>Han, J., Chen, X. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+overview+of+invisible+spectro+intestine+experiment.">Study overview of invisible spectro intestine experiment.</a> Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy. 14 (3), 94-96 (2008).</li><li>Hao, F. F., Liu, W. Q., Wang, J. N., Nie, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+study+on+the+effect+of+Forsythia+suspensa+water+extract+on+the+movement+of+isolated+intestinal+tract+in+rats.">Experimental study on the effect of Forsythia suspensa water extract on the movement of isolated intestinal tract in rats.</a> Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 37 (1), 63-66 (2018).</li><li>Ruoff, H. J., Fladung, B., Demol, P., Weihrauch, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastrointestinal+receptors+and+drugs+in+motility+disorders.">Gastrointestinal receptors and drugs in motility disorders.</a> Digestion. 48 (1), 1-17 (1991).</li><li>Foong, D., Zhou, J., Zarrouk, A., Ho, V., O'connor, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+biology+of+human+interstitial+cells+of+cajal+in+gastrointestinal+motility.">Understanding the biology of human interstitial cells of cajal in gastrointestinal motility.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 21 (12), 4540 (2020).</li><li>M&#246;ssner, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motilit&#228;tsst&#246;rungen+des+gastrointestinaltrakts.">Motilit&#228;tsst&#246;rungen des gastrointestinaltrakts.</a> Der Internist. 56 (6), 613-614 (2015).</li><li>Yin, J., Chen, J. D. 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<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetylcholine&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>A6625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>atropine</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>IA06501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Barium chloride</td>
			<td>Macklin Biochemical Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>B861682</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>A501330</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-glucose</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>A610219</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>drawing software</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software, San Diego, California, USA</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epinephrine</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>E4642</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Xiya Reagent Co., Ltd., Shandong, China</td>
			<td>S3872</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>In vitro tissue perfusion system</td>
			<td>PowerLab, ADInstruments, Australia</td>
			<td>ML0146</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>A100395</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>A100781</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart Professional version 8.3&#160;</td>
			<td>ADInstruments, Australia</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2&#183;6H2O</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>A100288</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>A100241</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>A100865</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>nifedipine</td>
			<td>Macklin Biochemical Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>N5087</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>statistical analysis software</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software, San Diego, California, USA</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical sutures</td>
			<td>Johnson, USA</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using an in vitro tissue perfusion system to detect the functional activities of isolated intestinal tubes in real time

Gastrointestinal diseases, a prevalent condition, gravely impact human life and health1. Gastrointestinal motility disorder is an important part of functional gastrointestinal diseases, manifesting primarily in debilitating symptoms, delayed gastric emptying, and severe gastric issues2. It can disrupt gastrointestinal coordination, hinder gastric emptying, impact intestinal food intolerance, and even cause functional obstruction in the small or large intestine3. For patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, this disorder can directly lead to intestinal failure. Moreover, intestinal disorder is not only related to gastrointestinal diseases but also to the pathogenic factors of various other diseases, such as hepatitis and central nervous system diseases. Intestinal microbial communities play a crucial regulatory role in intestinal physiology, including motility, which subsequently influences colonization within the microbial ecosystem4. As hepatitis B virus infection progresses to chronic hepatitis B, there are varying degrees of changes in the intestinal flora. Modulating the intestinal flora has demonstrated benefits in hepatitis B virus treatment5. Additionally, the central nervous system can influence the intestine and alter its microbial composition. Recent advancements in microflora sequencing technology have uncovered bidirectional interactions between gut microflora and central nervous system function, closely associated with the occurrence and progression of central nervous system diseases6,7.
With the aging of society, the incidence of gastrointestinal motility disorder is escalating, linked to the decline or loss of neuronal function in the enteric nervous system and bowel&#39;s intrinsic innervation8. As our comprehension of gastrointestinal diseases broadens, numerous novel ideas and approaches emerge, potentially leading to novel drug developments. However, many of these ideas are still hypothetical or await positive clinical trial outcomes to materialize9,10. Effective research methods are crucial in overcoming gastrointestinal diseases. In recent years, extensive research has focused on gastrointestinal drugs and motility regulation. Gastrointestinal drugs and gastrointestinal dynamics are inseparable, and many other systemic drugs have varying effects on gastrointestinal dynamics. For instance, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for pain and inflammation and slow gastrointestinal movement, heightening peptic ulcer risk11. On the other hand, some antidepressants may affect gastrointestinal motility12. Currently, the main in vitro pharmacological experiment studying the effects of gastrointestinal drugs and other systemic drugs on gastrointestinal motility is the in vitro intestine movement assay13. By simulating physiological conditions, they observe drugs&#39; direct impact on intestinal smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, evaluating their gastrointestinal effects. However, the precise cause of gastrointestinal motility disorders remains unclear, likely a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, dietary, and neuroendocrine factors. Consequently, the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders continues to pose significant challenges.
The small intestine, being a crucial site for digestion, absorption, and drug metabolism, holds significance in gastrointestinal function. As a result, the isolated intestinal tube movement test is an essential tool for studying gastrointestinal diseases. This involves preparing and placing the animal&#39;s isolated intestinal tube in a bath, connecting it to an energy exchanger, utilizing a transducer to convert mechanical movements into electrical signals for amplification, and recording by a physiological recorder. Various parameters such as frequency, average amplitude of vibration, tension, and area under the curve can be measured to evaluate the motor function of the intestinal tube. This method offers advantages such as simplicity, economic feasibility, easy control of experimental conditions, minimal influencing factors, high reproducibility, and accurate and reliable results. Moreover, it is particularly useful for investigating the mechanism of drug action. However, there are notable challenges in the operation of the isolated intestinal tube experiment, for example, intestinal activity is difficult to maintain for a long time. To address these issues and draw from experiences in in vitro experiments, this paper will provide a detailed introduction to the key problems in experimental operation and present a valuable reference experimental protocol for studying drugs that regulate gastrointestinal motility.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>लेखक स्पॉटलाइट: चूहे आंतों के ट्यूबों पर दवा प्रभाव के इन विट्रो आकलन में विश्वसनीय और प्रतिलिपि प्रस्तुत करने योग्य

वास्तविक समय में पृथक आंतों ट्यूबों की कार्यात्मक गतिविधियों का पता लगाने के लिए इन विट्रो ऊतक छिड़काव प्रणाली में एक का उपयोग करना

We present a method for isolating rat intestinal tubes and assessing the impact of drugs on their tension, frequency, and amplitude in vitro. This method offers a valuable approach for researchers investigating intestinal tubes. The current experimental challenge is maintaining the consistency and the stability of technical methods to ensure reliable and reproducible scientific research outcomes, particularly considering the sensitivity and the variability inherent in biological systems.This protocol offers advantages such as simplicity, economical feasibility, easy control of experimental conditions, minimal influencing factors, high reproducibility, and accurate results.

Gastrointestinal diseases, which have a high incidence, pose considerable challenges for humans. The small intestine is integral to food and drug ...

using-an-vitro-tissue-perfusion-system-to-detect-functional

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Using An In Vitro Tissue Perfusion System to Detect the Functional Activities of Isolated Intestinal Tubes in Real Time

155 Views.  Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We present a method for isolating rat intestinal tubes and assessing the impact of drugs on their tension, frequency, and amplitude in vitro. This method offers a valuable approach for researchers investigating intestinal tubes. The current experimental challenge is maintaining the consistency and the stability of technical methods to ensure reliable and reproducible scientific research outcomes, particularly considering the sensitivity and the variability inherent in biological systems.