Name: Forfatter Spotlight: Oral Candida-diagnose for at fremme klinisk behandlingsregime for pSS-patienter
Uploaded: 2024-03-01T14:25:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Oral Candida Diagnosis to Advance Clinical Treatment Regimen for pSS Patients at JoVE.com

Denne forskning blev støttet af National Natural Science Foundation of China (82201084), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M722232), Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (2023-ZZ-020), Miaopu Project of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (2023MP10) og General Research Fund, Hong Kong Research Grants Council (27111820 og 17116521).

Alle procedurer beskrevet nedenfor blev godkendt af den etiske komité på Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (NR. KY2023-177-01), og alle patienter, der var involveret i denne undersøgelse, gav informeret samtykke.
1. Kriterier for inklusion og eksklusion af patienter
<ol><li>Inklusionskriterier: Klassificer patienter som pSS-patienter, hvis de opfylder 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) / European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) kriterier<sup ...

Diagnose og stammeidentifikation af pSS-relateret oral Candida

<ol>
	<li>Wang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microbiota+dysbiosis+in+primary+Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome+and+the+ameliorative+effect+of+hydroxychloroquine.">Microbiota dysbiosis in primary Sj&#246;gren's syndrome and the ameliorative effect of hydroxychloroquine.</a> Cell Rep. 40 (11), 111352 (2022).</li><li>Humphrey, S. P., Williamson, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+saliva:+normal+composition,+flow,+and+function.">A review of saliva: normal composition, flow, and function.</a> J Prosthet Dent. 85 (2), 162-169 (2001).</li><li>Marsh, P. D., Do, T., Beighton, D., Devine, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+saliva+on+the+oral+microbiota.">Influence of saliva on the oral microbiota.</a> Periodontol 2000. 70 (1), 80-92 (2016).</li><li>Vila, T., Rizk, A. M., Sultan, A. S., Jabra-Rizk, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+power+of+saliva:+Antimicrobial+and+beyond.">The power of saliva: Antimicrobial and beyond.</a> PLoS Pathog. 15 (11), e1008058 (2019).</li><li>Serrano, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Risk+factors+related+to+oral+candidiasis+in+patients+with+primary+Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome.">Risk factors related to oral candidiasis in patients with primary Sj&#246;gren's syndrome.</a> Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 25 (5), e700-e705 (2020).</li><li>Nape&#241;as, J. J., Rouleau, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+complications+of+Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome.">Oral complications of Sj&#246;gren's syndrome.</a> Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 26 (1), 55-62 (2014).</li><li>Mathews, S. A., Kurien, B. T., Scofield, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+manifestations+of+Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome.">Oral manifestations of Sj&#246;gren's syndrome.</a> J Dent Res. 87 (4), 308-318 (2008).</li><li>Leung, K. C. M., McMillan, A. S., Cheung, B. P. K., Leung, W. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome+sufferers+have+increased+oral+yeast+levels+despite+regular+dental+care.">Sj&#246;gren's syndrome sufferers have increased oral yeast levels despite regular dental care.</a> Oral Dis. 14 (2), 163-173 (2008).</li><li>Lundstrom, I. M., Lindstrom, F. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subjective+and+clinical+oral+symptoms+in+patients+with+primary+Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome.">Subjective and clinical oral symptoms in patients with primary Sj&#246;gren's syndrome.</a> Clin Exp Rheumatol. 13 (6), 725-731 (1995).</li><li>Alam, M. Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+identification:+a+journey+from+conventional+to+molecular+methods+in+medical+mycology.">Candida identification: a journey from conventional to molecular methods in medical mycology.</a> World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 30 (5), 1437-1451 (2014).</li><li>Bauters, T. G., Nelis, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+chromogenic+and+fluorogenic+membrane+filtration+methods+for+detection+of+four+Candida+species.">Comparison of chromogenic and fluorogenic membrane filtration methods for detection of four Candida species.</a> J Clin Microbiol. 40 (5), 1838-1839 (2002).</li><li>Soto-Rojas, A. E., Villa, A. R., Sifuentes-Osornio, J., Alarc&#243;n-Segovia, D., Kraus, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+candidiasis+and+Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome.">Oral candidiasis and Sj&#246;gren's syndrome.</a> J Rheumatol. 25 (5), 911-915 (1998).</li><li>Gilchrist, J. E., Campbell, J. E., Donnelly, C. B., Peeler, J. T., Delaney, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spiral+plate+method+for+bacterial+determination.">Spiral plate method for bacterial determination.</a> Appl Microbiol. 25 (2), 244-252 (1973).</li><li>Biomerieux. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ATB+FUNGUS+3+Sensitivity+test+for+yeast-like+fungi.+REF+14204.">ATB FUNGUS 3 Sensitivity test for yeast-like fungi. REF 14204.</a> Biomerieux. , (2014).</li><li>Zhang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+widely+used+ATB+FUNGUS+3+automated+readings+in+China+and+its+misleading+high+MICs+of+Candida+spp.+to+Azoles:+Challenges+for+developing+countries'+clinical+microbiology+labs.">The widely used ATB FUNGUS 3 automated readings in China and its misleading high MICs of Candida spp. to Azoles: Challenges for developing countries' clinical microbiology labs.</a> PLoS One. 9 (12), e114004 (2014).</li><li>Hu, L., Zhou, P., Zhao, W., Hua, H., Yan, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+staining+vs.+routine+KOH+smear+for+rapid+diagnosis+of+oral+candidiasis-A+diagnostic+test.">Fluorescence staining vs. routine KOH smear for rapid diagnosis of oral candidiasis-A diagnostic test.</a> Oral Dis. 26 (5), 941-947 (2020).</li><li>Samaranayake, L. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+krusei+infections+and+fluconazole+therapy.">Candida krusei infections and fluconazole therapy.</a> Hong Kong Med J. 3 (3), 312-314 (1997).</li><li>Lee, Y., Puumala, E., Robbins, N., Cowen, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antifungal+drug+resistance:+Molecular+mechanisms+in+Candida+albicans+and+beyond.">Antifungal drug resistance: Molecular mechanisms in Candida albicans and beyond.</a> Chem Rev. 121 (6), 3390-3411 (2021).</li><li>Rihab, B., Lina, E. H., No&#233;mie, S. T., Jean, S., Marjolaine, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+experience+of+dry+mouth+and+screening+for+Sjogren's+syndrome+by+the+dentist:+patient-reported+experiences.">The experience of dry mouth and screening for Sjogren's syndrome by the dentist: patient-reported experiences.</a> BMC Oral Health. 23 (1), 1010 (2023).</li><li>Panpetch, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+Candida+administration+in+a+Clostridium+difficile+mouse+model+worsens+disease+severity+but+is+attenuated+by+Bifidobacterium.">Oral Candida administration in a Clostridium difficile mouse model worsens disease severity but is attenuated by Bifidobacterium.</a> PLoS One. 14 (1), e210798 (2019).</li><li>Alwaily, E. R., Abood, M. S., Al Uobody, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diagnosis+of+oral+candidiasis+in+patients+under+12+years:+18S+rRNA+as+a+marker+of+molecular+characterization+of+Candida+tropicalis.">Diagnosis of oral candidiasis in patients under 12 years: 18S rRNA as a marker of molecular characterization of Candida tropicalis.</a> Arch Razi Inst. 78 (1), 475-483 (2023).</li><li>Chen, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+infection+as+an+early+sign+of+subsequent+Sj&#246;gren's+syndrome:+A+population-based+matched+cohort+study.">Candida infection as an early sign of subsequent Sj&#246;gren's syndrome: A population-based matched cohort study.</a> Front Med (Lausanne). 8, 796324 (2022).</li></ol>

I det nuværende manuskript leverer vi en række systematiske, enkle og gennemførlige metoder til påvisning af orale Candida-infektioner , identifikation af Candida-stammer og test af svampedræbende modtagelighed af almindeligt anvendte lægemidler hos patienter med pSS. 
I praktiske indstillinger er ikke alle de metoder, der introduceres i dette manuskript, nødvendige. Den eller de orale Candida-detektionsmetoder kan vælges ud fra det specifikke formål. KOH-u...

Candidiasis er forårsaget af Candida spp., Som er opportunistiske patogener. Almindelige stammer omfatter Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, og Candida dubliniensis1. Opportunistiske infektioner forårsaget af Candida spp. omfatter overfladiske Candida-infektioner og invasiv candidiasis. Invasiv candidiasis sker hovedsageligt hos immunkompromitterede individer; for eksempel hos patienter med erhvervet immundefektsyndrom (AIDS) kan invasiv candidiasis betydeligt true livskvaliteten eller endda levetiden2. Overfladisk Candida-infektion , såsom mucokutan candidiasis, er mere almindelig hos patienter3. 
Oral candidiasis, en overfladisk Candida-infektion , er den mest almindelige menneskelige svampeinfektion. Candida albicans er en normal kommensal i munden; transportraten for Candida spp. er rapporteret at variere fra 20% til 75% i den almindelige befolkning uden symptomer4. Overvækst af Candida kan føre til lokalt ubehag hos patienter, såsom den ændrede smag af fornemmelse, brændende fornemmelse i munden, dysfagi på grund af dårlig ernæring, forsinket genopretning og længerevarende hospitalsophold. Langvarig oral candidiasis kan føre til alvorlig invasiv candidiasis, hvilket resulterer i betydelig sygelighed og dødelighed5. Oral candidiasis kan også øge risikoen for oral cancer5. Nedsat spytkirtelfunktion er blandt risikofaktorerne for oral candidiasis6. Indledningen af infektion er vedhæftningen af Candida til epitelcellevægge. Dette efterfølges af spredning og filamentering af Candida og dannelse og modning af biofilm7. Biofilm er ekstremt vanskelige at udrydde og er resistente over for konventionel svampedræbende behandling, hvilket gør klinisk behandling til en udfordring for biofilmassocieret oral Candida-infektion 7.
Primær Sjögrens syndrom (pSS) er en autoimmun sygdom, der er karakteriseret ved mundtørhed, tørre øjne og andre systematiske symptomer8. Mundtørhed er det hyppigste symptom på pSS. Spyt har vigtige fysiologiske svampedræbende funktioner. På den ene side kan det fortynde og skure munden og derefter fjerne organismer fra slimhinden. På den anden side indeholder spyt antimikrobielle proteiner, såsom lactoferrin, sialoperoxidase, lysozym, histidinrige polypeptider og specifikke anti-candidale antistoffer, som kan interagere med mundslimhinden og forhindre overvækst af Candida6. Den reducerede spytstrøm kan prædisponere pSS-patienter for oral candidiasis. En observationstværsnitsundersøgelse udført på 61 pSS-patienter viste, at 13,1% af pSS-patienterne præsenterede orale tegn på candidiasis, og kolonidannende enhed (CFU) / ml af Candida albicans blev fundet signifikant og negativt korreleret med niveauer af ustimuleret fuldspyt (UWS) og stimuleret fuldspyt (SWS)9.
De metoder, der introduceres i dette manuskript, kan identificere oral Candida-infektion baseret på karakteriserede morfologiske egenskaber (f.eks. Hyfer og gærceller) i direkte udstrygning eller efter dyrkning10. Stammeidentifikationen af Candida ved hjælp af en Candida diagnostisk agar er baseret på dannelsen af forskellige farvede kolonier med varieret morfologi, som skyldes spaltning af kromogene substrater af artsspecifikke enzymer11. I dette manuskript introduceres systematiske metoder til påvisning af oral Candida-infektion , herunder traditionel oral Candida-kultur og hurtig undersøgelse ved kaliumhydroxid (KOH) smear-test og calcofluor white (CFW) farvningsassay10. Derudover er antifungal modtagelighedstesten, som kan guide klinisk oral Candida-infektionsbehandling , blevet introduceret. I faktiske situationer er det ikke nødvendigt at udføre alle de indførte metoder i dette manuskript; de(n) orale Candida-detektionsmetode (r) kan vælges i henhold til formålet. Undersøgelsen af oral Candida-infektion og bestemmelse af Candida-stammer hos pSS-patienter gavner ikke kun sygdomsbehandlingen, men hjælper også med at vurdere karakteriseringen af oral candidiasis og artsprofilerne.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.22 &#181;m Syringe Filter</td>
			<td>MERCK</td>
			<td>SLGV004SL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>axygen</td>
			<td>MCT-150-C-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 cm Microbiological Culture Dishes</td>
			<td>Jet Bio-Filtration Co. Ltd</td>
			<td>TCD000100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Jet Bio-Filtration Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>CFT011150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well Microplates</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3599</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>API 0.85% NaCl ampule</td>
			<td>BIOMERIEUX</td>
			<td>20070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcofluor White Stain</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>18909-100ML-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHROMagar Candida</td>
			<td>CHROMagar</td>
			<td>P002860</td>
			<td>Candida diagnostic agar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D(+)-Glucose Monohydrate</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td>10010518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>26170035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>McFarland Standards Kit</td>
			<td>BIOMERIEUX</td>
			<td>70900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunc precision molded loops&#160;</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>254399</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>C10010500BT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Hydroxide</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>P112284-500g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>MO BIO</td>
			<td>12888-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11875119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sabourand&#39;s Agar Medium</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>S9710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast Nitrogen Base Without Amino acids</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>Y8040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast-like Fungal Susceptibility Kit (Microdilution)</td>
			<td>BIOMERIEUX</td>
			<td>14204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

examination of oral candida infection in primary sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome patients

Primær Sjögrens syndrom (pSS) er en autoimmun sygdom karakteriseret ved symptomer som mundtørhed, tørre øjne og andre systematiske symptomer. På grund af den hyposalivation, som pSS-patienter oplever, forekommer oral dysbakterier ofte. En almindelig komplikation af pSS er den orale Candida-infektion . I denne artikel beskriver forfatterne systematiske metoder, der effektivt kan diagnosticere oral Candida-infektion og identificere Candida-stammerne ved hjælp af spyt, mundslimhindepinde eller mundskyl fra pSS-patienter. Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA), hyphal formation assay, kaliumhydroxid (KOH) smear test, og calcofluor hvid (CFW) farvning assay anvendes til diagnosticering af oral Candida infektion. En Candida diagnostisk agar anvendes til identifikation af Candida stammer. Endelig anvendes svampedræbende følsomhedstest til at bestemme passende svampedræbende lægemiddelbehandling. Denne standardiserede metode kan forbedre diagnosen, behandlingen og fremtidig forskning af pSS-relaterede orale Candida-infektioner . Tidlig diagnose ved hjælp af denne metode kan også forhindre komplikationer, der opstår på grund af forsinkelse i modtagelsen af passende behandling.

Candidiasis is caused by Candida spp., which are opportunistic pathogens. Common strains include Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida dubliniensis1. Opportunistic infections caused by Candida spp. include superficial Candida infections and invasive candidiasis. Invasive candidiasis mainly happens in immunocompromised individuals; for example, in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), invasive candidiasis can significantly threaten the quality of life or even the life span2. Superficial Candida infection, such as mucocutaneous candidiasis, is more common in patients3. 
Oral candidiasis, a superficial Candida infection, is the most common human fungal infection. Candida albicans is a normal commensal of the mouth; the carriage rate of Candida spp. has been reported to range from 20% to 75% in the general population without any symptoms4. Overgrowth of Candida can lead to local discomfort in patients, such as the altered taste of sensation, burning sensation in the mouth, dysphagia due to poor nutrition, delayed recovery, and prolonged hospital stay. Long-term oral candidiasis can lead to severe invasive candidiasis, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality5. Oral candidiasis can also increase the risk of oral cancer5. Impaired salivary gland function is among the risk factors for oral candidiasis6. The initiation of infection is the adhesion of Candida to epithelial cell walls. This is followed by the proliferation and filamentation of Candida and the formation and maturation of biofilm7. Biofilms are extremely difficult to eradicate and are resistant to conventional antifungal treatment, making clinical treatment a challenge for biofilm-associated oral Candida infection7.
Primary Sj&#246;gren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by dry mouth, dry eyes, and other systematic symptoms8. Dry mouth is the most frequent symptom of pSS. Saliva has important physiological antifungal functions. On the one hand, it can dilute and scour the mouth and thereafter remove organisms from the mucosa. On the other hand, saliva contains antimicrobial proteins, such as lactoferrin, sialoperoxidase, lysozyme, histidine-rich polypeptides, and specific anti-candidal antibodies, which can interact with the oral mucosa and prevent the overgrowth of Candida6. The reduced saliva flow may predispose pSS patients to oral candidiasis. An observational cross-sectional study conducted in 61 pSS patients found that 13.1% of pSS patients presented oral signs of candidiasis and colony forming unit (CFU)/mL of Candida albicans was found significantly and negatively correlated with levels of unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS)9.
The methods introduced in this manuscript can identify oral Candida infection based on characterized morphological attributes (e.g., the hyphae and yeast cells) in direct smear or after culturing10. The strain identification of the Candida using a Candida diagnostic agar is based on the formation of different colored colonies with varied morphology, which result from the cleavage of chromogenic substrates by species-specific enzymes11. In this manuscript, systematic methods for detecting oral Candida infection are introduced, including traditional oral Candida culture and rapid examination by potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear test and calcofluor white (CFW) staining assay10. Additionally, the antifungal susceptibility test, which can guide clinical oral Candida infection treatment, has been introduced. In actual situations, it is not necessary to perform all of the introduced methods in this manuscript; the oral Candida detection method(s) can be selected according to the purpose. The examination of oral Candida infection and the determination of Candida strains in pSS patients not only benefit the disease treatment but also help assess the characterization of oral candidiasis and the species profiles.

Forfatter Spotlight: Oral Candida-diagnose for at fremme klinisk behandlingsregime for pSS-patienter

Undersøgelse af oral Candida-infektion hos primære patienter med Sjögrens syndrom

In this research, we present a protocol for the examination of oral candida infection in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome, which can be used for timely treatment to avoid infection-related complications. We provide a series of systematic, simple, and feasible methods for detecting oral candida infections, identifying candida strains, and testing the antifungal susceptibility of commonly-used drugs in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Maybe our focus on the role of oral candida infection in the onset and the progression of primary Sjogren's syndrome pathologists in our future studies.

I dette studie blev 12 patienter med pSS udvalgt som repræsentative patienter og screenet for oral Candida-infektion (tabel 1). Blandt disse patienter udviste nogle patienter typiske orale læsioner af Candida-infektion , herunder vinkelcheilitis (karakteriseret ved revner i mundvigene, afskalning og hyperæmi, figur 1A), lyst rødt ødem på tandkødslimhinden, gullig-hvid trævlet pseudomembran (figur 1B), lingual papillatro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Oral Candida Diagnosis to Advance Clinical Treatment Regimen for pSS Patients at JoVE.com

Her præsenterer vi en protokol til undersøgelse af oral Candida-infektion hos patienter med primær Sjögrens syndrom, som kan bruges til rettidig behandling og derefter undgå relaterede komplikationer.

Primary Sj&#246;gren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms such as dry mouth, dry eyes, and other systematic symptoms. Due ...

I denne forskning præsenterer vi en protokol til undersøgelse af oral candida-infektion hos patienter med primær Sjögren syndrom, som kan bruges til rettidig behandling for at undgå infektionsrelaterede komplikationer. Vi leverer en række systematiske, enkle og gennemførlige metoder til påvisning af orale candida-infektioner, identifikation af candida-stammer og test af svampedræbende modtagelighed af almindeligt anvendte lægemidler hos patienter med primær Sjögrens syndrom. Måske vores fokus på rollen af oral candida infektion i begyndelsen og progressionen af primære Sjögrens syndrom patologer i vores fremtidige undersøgelser.

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sj&#246;gren&#39;s Syndrome Patients

Primary Sj&#246;gren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms such as dry mouth, dry eyes, and other systematic symptoms. Due to the hyposalivation experienced by pSS patients, oral dysbacteriosis often occurs. A common complication of pSS is the oral Candida infection. In this article, the authors describe systematic methods that can effectively diagnose oral Candida infection and identify the Candida strains using saliva, oral mucosal swabs, or mouthwash from pSS patients. The Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA), hyphal formation assay, potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear test, and calcofluor white (CFW) staining assay are used for the diagnosis of oral Candida infection. A Candida diagnostic agar is used for the identification of Candida strains. Finally, antifungal susceptibility testing is used to determine appropriate antifungal drug treatment. This standardized method can enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and future research of pSS-related oral Candida infections. Early diagnosis, using this method, can also prevent any complications arising due to delay in receiving appropriate treatment.

Here, we present a protocol for the examination of oral Candida infection in patients with primary Sj&#246;gren's syndrome, which can be used for timely treatment and, thereafter, avoiding related complications.