Name: Forfatter Spotlight: Fotodynamisk terapi som en ny tilgang til at inducere små kolonier i lægemiddelresistent Candida til svampedræbende forskning
Uploaded: 2024-03-29T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug-Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde har modtaget finansiering fra Ministeriet for Videnskab og Teknologi, Taiwan [MOST 110-2314-B-006-086-MY3], National Cheng Kung University [K111-B094], [K111-B095], National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan [NCKUH-11204031], [NCKUMCS2022057].

1. Dyrkning af C. glabrata
BEMÆRK: En multiresistent C. glabrata (C2-1000907), der er resistent over for de fleste svampedræbende midler, herunder fluconazol, anvendes til forsøgene. Det kan være nødvendigt at tilpasse forsøgsbetingelserne til den specifikke stamme, da der kan forekomme variationer mellem forskellige stammer. Alle eksperimenter brugte log-fase Candida dyrket ved 25 ° C (efterligner naturlig infektion) for konsistens. C. glabratas</em...

Analyse af dannelse af petite koloni og lægemiddelresistens i Candida glabrata

<ol>
	<li>Soriano, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+candidiasis:+current+clinical+challenges+and+unmet+needs+in+adult+populations.">Invasive candidiasis: current clinical challenges and unmet needs in adult populations.</a> J Antimicrob Chemother. 78 (7), 1569-1585 (2023).</li><li>Pappas, P. G., Lionakis, M. S., Arendrup, M. C., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Kullberg, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+candidiasis.">Invasive candidiasis.</a> Nat Rev Dis Primers. 4, 18026 (2018).</li><li>Meyahnwi, D., Siraw, B. B., Reingold, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiologic+features,+clinical+characteristics,+and+predictors+of+mortality+in+patients+with+candidemia+in+Alameda+County,+California;+a+2017-2020+retrospective+analysis.">Epidemiologic features, clinical characteristics, and predictors of mortality in patients with candidemia in Alameda County, California; a 2017-2020 retrospective analysis.</a> BMC Infect Dis. 22 (1), 843 (2022).</li><li>Whittaker, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+petite+mutation+in+yeast.">The petite mutation in yeast.</a> Subcell Biochem. 6, 175-232 (1979).</li><li>Hatab, M. A., Whittaker, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+respiration-deficient+mutants+from+the+pathogenic+yeast+Candida+albicans.">Isolation and characterization of respiration-deficient mutants from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans.</a> Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 61 (3), 207-219 (1992).</li><li>Defontaine, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In-vitro+resistance+to+azoles+associated+with+mitochondrial+DNA+deficiency+in+Candida+glabrata.">In-vitro resistance to azoles associated with mitochondrial DNA deficiency in Candida glabrata.</a> J Med Microbiol. 48 (7), 663-670 (1999).</li><li>Brun, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationships+between+respiration+and+susceptibility+to+azole+antifungals+in+Candida+glabrata.">Relationships between respiration and susceptibility to azole antifungals in Candida glabrata.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 47 (3), 847-853 (2003).</li><li>Bouchara, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In-vivo+selection+of+an+azole-resistant+petite+mutant+of+Candida+glabrata.">In-vivo selection of an azole-resistant petite mutant of Candida glabrata.</a> J Med Microbiol. 49 (11), 977-984 (2000).</li><li>Badrane, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genotypic+diversity+and+unrecognized+antifungal+resistance+among+populations+of+Candida+glabrata+from+positive+blood+cultures.">Genotypic diversity and unrecognized antifungal resistance among populations of Candida glabrata from positive blood cultures.</a> Nat Commun. 14 (1), 5918 (2023).</li><li>Shantal, C. -. J. N., Juan, C. -. C., Lizbeth, B. -. U. S., Carlos, H. -. G. J., Estela, G. -. P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+glabrata+is+a+successful+pathogen:+An+artist+manipulating+the+immune+response.">Candida glabrata is a successful pathogen: An artist manipulating the immune response.</a> Microbiol Res. 260, 127038 (2022).</li><li>Gamarra, S., Mancilla, E., Dudiuk, C., Garcia-Effron, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Candida+dubliniensis+and+Candida+albicans+differentiation+by+colony+morphotype+in+Sabouraud-triphenyltetrazolium+agar.">Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans differentiation by colony morphotype in Sabouraud-triphenyltetrazolium agar.</a> Rev Iberoam Micol. 32 (2), 126-128 (2015).</li><li>Hung, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rose+bengal-mediated+photodynamic+therapy+to+inhibit+Candida+albicans.">Rose bengal-mediated photodynamic therapy to inhibit Candida albicans.</a> J Vis Exp. (181), e63558 (2022).</li><li>Cardoso, D. R., Franco, D. W., Olsen, K., Andersen, M. L., Skibsted, L. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactivity+of+bovine+whey+proteins,+peptides,+and+amino+acids+toward+triplet+riboflavin+as+studied+by+laser+flash+photolysis.">Reactivity of bovine whey proteins, peptides, and amino acids toward triplet riboflavin as studied by laser flash photolysis.</a> J Agric Food Chem. 52 (21), 6602-6606 (2004).</li><li>Hall, R. M., Trembath, M. K., Linnane, A. W., Wheelis, L., Criddle, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+affecting+petite+induction+and+the+recovery+of+respiratory+competence+in+yeast+cells+exposed+to+ethidium+bromide.">Factors affecting petite induction and the recovery of respiratory competence in yeast cells exposed to ethidium bromide.</a> Mol Gen Genet. 144 (3), 253-262 (1976).</li><li>Chen, X. J., Clark-Walker, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+petite+mutation+in+yeasts:+50+years+on.">The petite mutation in yeasts: 50 years on.</a> Int Rev Cytol. 194, 197-238 (2000).</li><li>Piskur, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inheritance+of+the+yeast+mitochondrial+genome.">Inheritance of the yeast mitochondrial genome.</a> Plasmid. 31 (3), 229-241 (1994).</li><li>Wong, T. W., Wang, Y. Y., Sheu, H. M., Chuang, Y. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bactericidal+effects+of+toluidine+blue-mediated+photodynamic+action+on+Vibrio+vulnificus.">Bactericidal effects of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic action on Vibrio vulnificus.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 49 (3), 895-902 (2005).</li><li>Wong, T. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Indocyanine+green-mediated+photodynamic+therapy+reduces+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+drug+resistance.">Indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy reduces methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug resistance.</a> J Clin Med. 8 (3), 411 (2019).</li><li>Warrier, A., Mazumder, N., Prabhu, S., Satyamoorthy, K., Murali, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photodynamic+therapy+to+control+microbial+biofilms.">Photodynamic therapy to control microbial biofilms.</a> Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 33, 102090 (2021).</li><li>Hung, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+photodynamic+therapy+against+fungal+keratitis.">Recent advances in photodynamic therapy against fungal keratitis.</a> Pharmaceutics. 13 (12), 2011 (2021).</li></ol>

Denne undersøgelse afslører PDT som den første rapporterede metode til at inducere dannelse af petite kolonier i Candida, hvilket overgår de etablerede virkninger af ethidiumbromid og fluconazol. Denne nye observation kræver yderligere udforskning for at opklare dens konsekvenser for både svampeudryddelse ved faldende virulens og fremkomsten af resistensmekanismer.
RB-medieret PDT hæmmer effektivt væksten af C. glabrata, hvilket tyder på en potentiel alternativ behandlingsmet...

Svampeinfektioner, især dem, der forårsages af Candida albicans og stadig mere lægemiddelresistente Candida glabrata, udgør en alvorlig global trussel1. Disse infektioner kan være dødelige, især for indlagte patienter og dem med svækket immunsystem. Stigende svampedræbende resistens truer kontrollen med invasiv candidiasis, en alvorlig svampeinfektion med høj dødelighed, især fra Candida albicans2. Resistente stammer hindrer effektiv behandling, hvilket potentielt øger både kompleksitet og dødelighed. I Alameda County, Californien, USA, er C. glabrata blevet den mest udbredte invasive art3. Dette skift i forekomsten og fordelingen af Candida-arter kan påvirkes af lokal sundhedspraksis, patientdemografi, brugen af svampedræbende midler og forekomsten af risikofaktorer for Candida-infektioner.
Små mutanter i Candida, der mangler funktionelle mitokondrier, afslører, hvordan denne organel påvirker lægemiddelrespons, virulens og stressresistens 4,5. C. glabrata danner let disse kolonier og får følsomhed over for polyener, mens den mister den til azoler6. Azolfølsomhed og åndedrætsfunktion er tæt forbundet, med nedsat åndedræt, der fører til resistens via mitokondrielt DNA-tab7. Små kolonier af C. glabrata med azolresistens er blevet isoleret fra humane afføringsprøver fra en knoglemarvstransplanteret modtager, der gennemgår fluconazolbehandling8, og fra bloddyrkningsflasker fra patienter med blodbaneinfektioner9. Deres potentielle implikationer i lægemiddelresistens, virulens og stressrespons fremhæver deres kliniske betydning. Derudover gør deres forskellige egenskaber dem til værdifulde værktøjer til at undersøge grundlæggende spørgsmål i mitokondriebiologi5. Efterhånden som forskningen i små mutanter fortsætter, vil deres anvendelser i både klinisk forskning og grundforskning sandsynligvis udvides.
Denne undersøgelse opdagede, at fotodynamisk terapi (PDT) kan fremkalde små kolonier i C. glabrata, hvilket udvider rækken af metoder ud over de traditionelle teknikker til at udsætte C. glabrata for ethidiumbromid eller fluconazol.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td>Merck, Taipei, Taiwan</td>
			<td>Millex, SLGVR33RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL microfuge tube</td>
			<td>Neptune, San Diego, USA</td>
			<td>#3745</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20% Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA</td>
			<td>T8877</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL polypropylene round bottom tube</td>
			<td>Corning, AZ, USA</td>
			<td>352059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL round-bottom tube with cell strainer cap</td>
			<td>Corning, AZ, USA</td>
			<td>Falcon, #352235</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate</td>
			<td>Alpha plus, Taoyuan Hsien, Taiwan</td>
			<td>#16196</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>BRS, Tainan, Taiwan</td>
			<td>AG012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blank disk</td>
			<td>Advantec, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td>49005040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf, UK</td>
			<td>5415R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethidium bromide solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA</td>
			<td>E1510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluconazole, 2 mg/mL</td>
			<td>Pfizer, NY, USA</td>
			<td>BC18790248</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GraphPad Prism</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software</td>
			<td>Version 7.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Green light emitting diode (LED) strip</td>
			<td>Nanyi electronics Co.,Ltd, Tainan, Taiwan</td>
			<td>5050</td>
			<td>Excitation wave: 500~550 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low Temperature. shake Incubators</td>
			<td>Yihder, Taipei, Taiwan</td>
			<td>LM-570D (R)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouth care cotton swabs</td>
			<td>Good Verita Enterprise, Taipei, Taiwan</td>
			<td>161357</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Muller Hinton II agar</td>
			<td>BD biosciences, California, USA</td>
			<td>211438</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multimode microplate reader</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>SpectraMax i3x</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OD600 spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Biochrom, London, UK</td>
			<td>Ultrospec 10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rose Bengal</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, USA</td>
			<td>330000</td>
			<td>stock concentration 40 mg/mL = 4%, prepare in PBS, stored at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterilized glass tube</td>
			<td>Sunmei, Tainan, Taiwan</td>
			<td>AK45048-16100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose Medium</td>
			<td>HIMEDIA, India</td>
			<td>M1363</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

induction of petite colonies in candida glabrate via rose bengal-mediated photodynamic therapy

Med en dødelighed på 40% hos candidæmipatienter er lægemiddelresistente Candida og deres små mutanter fortsat en stor behandlingsudfordring. Antimikrobiel fotodynamisk terapi (aPDT) er rettet mod flere svampestrukturer, i modsætning til antibiotika / svampemidler, hvilket potentielt modvirker resistens. Traditionelle metoder til inducering af petite kolonier er afhængige af ethidiumbromid eller fluconazol, som kan påvirke lægemiddelfølsomhed og stressresponser. Denne undersøgelse undersøgte anvendelsen af grønt lys (peak 520 nm) og rose bengal (RB) fotosensibilisator til bekæmpelse af et lægemiddelresistent Candida glabrata-isolat . Resultaterne afslørede, at aPDT-behandling signifikant hæmmede cellevækst (≥99,9% reduktion) og effektivt inducerede dannelse af petite koloni, hvilket fremgår af reduceret størrelse og tab af mitokondriel redoxindikatorfarvning. Denne undersøgelse giver indledende bevis for, at aPDT kan inducere petite kolonier i en multiresistent C. glabrata stamme in vitro, hvilket giver en potentielt transformativ tilgang til bekæmpelse af resistente svampeinfektioner.

Fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida albicans and increasingly drug-resistant Candida glabrata, pose a serious global threat1. These infections can be deadly, especially for hospitalized patients and those with weakened immune systems. Rising antifungal resistance threatens the control of invasive candidiasis, a severe fungal infection with high mortality, especially from Candida albicans2. Resistant strains hinder effective treatment, potentially increasing both complexity and death rates. In Alameda County, California, USA, C. glabrata has become the most prevalent invasive species3. This shift in the prevalence and distribution of Candida species may be influenced by local healthcare practices, patient demographics, the utilization of antifungal agents, and the prevalence of risk factors for Candida infections.
Petite mutants in Candida, lacking functional mitochondria, reveal how this organelle affects drug response, virulence, and stress resistance4,5. C. glabrata readily forms these colonies, gaining sensitivity to polyenes while losing it to azoles6. Azole sensitivity and respiratory function are intricately linked, with diminished respiration leading to resistance via mitochondrial DNA loss7. Petite colonies of C. glabrata with azole resistance have been isolated from human stool samples from a bone marrow transplant recipient undergoing fluconazole treatment8 and from blood culture bottles of patients with bloodstream infections9. Their potential implications in drug resistance, virulence, and stress response highlight their clinical significance. Additionally, their distinct properties make them valuable tools for investigating fundamental questions in mitochondrial biology5. As research into petite mutants continues, their applications in both clinical and basic research are likely to expand.
This study discovered that photodynamic therapy (PDT) can induce petite colonies in C. glabrata, expanding the range of methods beyond the traditional techniques of exposing C. glabrata to ethidium bromide or fluconazole.

Forfatter Spotlight: Fotodynamisk terapi som en ny tilgang til at inducere små kolonier i lægemiddelresistent Candida til svampedræbende forskning

Induktion af små kolonier i Candida-glabrat via rosenbengalmedieret fotodynamisk terapi

The research aims to use photodynamic therapy, also known as PDT, to fight against drug-resistant Candida infection. In this study, we are trying to answer how effectively PDT kills the fungi, and how the virulence of the fungi changes after the treatment. We found petite colonies from the after PDT.Present methods for inducing petite colonies rely on ethidium bromide or fluconazole, which may work through different pathways on drug resistance and the stress responses, compared to PDT. Recently, petite colonies of Candida have become a significant concern in the clinic because they may resist medication and increase mortality rates. Photodynamic therapy has become one of the antifungal treatments and our finding helps breach the gap between traditional methods used to study petite colonies.Our findings provide evidence that PDT can induce petite colonies in drug resistant Candida in-vitro, presenting a groundbreaking method to study petite colonies. We'll definitely delve deeper into this field. There are many questions to be answered.How and why do petite colonies form after PDT stress? Do different Candida species respond differently? I believe it's a never ending story to be explored.

Dataene præsenteres som gennemsnittet med ± standardfejl og blev opnået fra tre uafhængige eksperimenter med mindst tre eksemplarer i hver gruppe. Eksperimentelle data, herunder kolonitællinger, OD600-målinger og TTC-farvningsresultater, blev graferet og statistisk analyseret ved hjælp af graftegning og statistisk software (se materialetabel). Envejs ANOVA eller t-test blev brugt til at analysere dataene, og en p-værdi <0,05 blev betragtet som signifikant. Scanning bl...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug-Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research at JoVE.com

Betydningen af petite kolonier i Candida spp. lægemiddelresistens er ikke blevet undersøgt fuldt ud. Antimikrobiel fotodynamisk terapi (aPDT) tilbyder en lovende strategi mod lægemiddelresistente svampeinfektioner. Denne undersøgelse viser, at rose bengal-medieret aPDT effektivt deaktiverer Candida glabrata og inducerer petite kolonier, hvilket præsenterer en unik procedure.

Facing a 40% mortality rate in candidemia patients, drug-resistant Candida and their petite mutants remain a major treatment challenge. Antimicrobial ...

Forskningen sigter mod at bruge fotodynamisk terapi, også kendt som PDT, til at bekæmpe lægemiddelresistent Candida-infektion. I dette studie forsøger vi at svare på, hvor effektivt PDT dræber svampene, og hvordan svampenes virulens ændrer sig efter behandlingen. Vi fandt små kolonier fra efter PDT.Nuværende metoder til inducering af petite kolonier er afhængige af ethidiumbromid eller fluconazol, som kan virke gennem forskellige veje på lægemiddelresistens og stressresponser sammenlignet med PDT. For nylig er små kolonier af Candida blevet en betydelig bekymring i klinikken, fordi de kan modstå medicin og øge dødeligheden. Fotodynamisk terapi er blevet en af de svampedræbende behandlinger, og vores fund hjælper med at bryde kløften mellem traditionelle metoder, der bruges til at studere små kolonier.Vores resultater giver bevis for, at PDT kan inducere petite kolonier i lægemiddelresistent Candida in vitro, hvilket præsenterer en banebrydende metode til at studere petite kolonier. Vi vil helt sikkert dykke dybere ned i dette felt. Der er mange spørgsmål, der skal besvares.Hvordan og hvorfor dannes små kolonier efter PDT-stress? Reagerer forskellige Candida-arter forskelligt? Jeg tror, det er en uendelig historie, der skal udforskes.

induction-petite-colonies-candida-glabrate-via-rose-bengal-mediated

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Induction of Petite Colonies in Candida glabrate via Rose Bengal-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy

Facing a 40% mortality rate in candidemia patients, drug-resistant Candida and their petite mutants remain a major treatment challenge. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) targets multiple fungal structures, unlike antibiotics/antifungals, potentially thwarting resistance. Traditional methods for inducing petite colonies rely on ethidium bromide or fluconazole, which can influence drug susceptibility and stress responses. This study investigated the application of green light (peak 520 nm) and rose bengal (RB) photosensitizer to combat a drug-resistant Candida glabrata isolate. The findings revealed that aPDT treatment significantly inhibited cell growth (&#8805;99.9% reduction) and effectively induced petite colony formation, as evidenced by reduced size and loss of mitochondrial redox indicator staining. This study provides initial evidence that aPDT can induce petite colonies in a multidrug-resistant C. glabrata strain in vitro, offering a potentially transformative approach for combating resistant fungal infections.

The significance of petite colonies in Candida spp. drug resistance has not been fully explored. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) offers a promising strategy against drug-resistant fungal infections. This study demonstrates that rose bengal-mediated aPDT effectively deactivates Candida glabrata and induces petite colonies, presenting a unique procedure.