Name: Autor im Rampenlicht: Umweltfreundliche Extraktion bioaktiver Verbindungen mit polyolbasierten mikrowellengestützten Techniken
Uploaded: 2024-08-23T13:40:00
Description: The utilization of polyols as green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials has gained attention due to their safety and inert ...

Diese Studie wurde von der Mae Fah Luang Universität finanziert. Die Autoren möchten dem Tee- und Kaffeeinstitut der Mae Fah Luang Universität dafür danken, dass es die Verbindung zwischen den Forschern und den lokalen Bauern bei der Beschaffung von Kaffee-Silberhautproben erleichtert hat.

Die Einzelheiten zu den Reagenzien und der Ausrüstung, die in dieser Studie verwendet wurden, sind in der Materialtabelle aufgeführt.
1. Vorbereitung der Versuche
<ol><li>Vorbereitung von Pflanzenproben<ol><li>Frischen Kaffee Silberhaut (Coffea arabica) auffangen und bei 60 °C in einem Tabletttrockner für 72 h11 trocknen.</li>
		<li>Den getrockneten Kaffee Silverskin (CS) mit einer Mühle zu einem feinen Pulver mahlen und...

Mikrowellengestützte Extraktion auf Polyolbasis für phenolische und antioxidative Ausbeuten

<ol>
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F.) and determination of total flavonoids, total phenolics and their potential as antioxidants.</a> Sci Technol Indones. 8 (2), 219-226 (2023).</li><li>Supjaroenporn, C., Khongcharoen, P., Myo, H., Khat-Udomkiri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+the+optimization,+characterization,+and+antioxidant+activities+of+phenolic+extracts+extracted+from+Rhus+chinensis+Mill.+Leaf+using+microwave-assisted+extraction+system+with+glycerol+as+a+green+solvent.">Studying the optimization, characterization, and antioxidant activities of phenolic extracts extracted from Rhus chinensis Mill. Leaf using microwave-assisted extraction system with glycerol as a green solvent.</a> Curr Bioact Compd. 20 (3), 68-82 (2024).</li><li>Gasser, M. S., Abdel Rahman, R. 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Verschiedene Faktoren spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der erfolgreichen Implementierung von MAE, wie z. B. der phytochemische Gehalt der Pflanzenbestandteile, die Extraktionsdauer, die Temperatur, die Mikrowellenleistung, das Fest-Flüssig-Verhältnis und die Lösungsmittelkonzentration13. Pflanzen weisen in der Regel unterschiedliche Profile von sekundären Pflanzenstoffen auf; Daher ist die Auswahl natürlicher Pflanzen, die reich an Antioxidantien und phenolischen Verbindungen sind, unerl?...

Heutzutage gibt es einen globalen Trend zum Umweltbewusstsein in der Schönheitsindustrie, was die Hersteller dazu veranlasst, sich auf grüne Technologien zur Extraktion von Pflanzenbestandteilen mit nachhaltigen Alternativen zu konzentrieren1. In der Regel werden traditionelle Lösungsmittel wie Ethanol, Methanol und Hexan verwendet, um pflanzliche phenolische Bestandteile und natürliche Antioxidantien zu extrahieren2. Nichtsdestotrotz stellt das Vorhandensein von Lösungsmittelrückständen in Pflanzenextrakten ein potenzielles Risiko für die menschliche Gesundheit dar und führt zu Haut- und Augenreizungen3, insbesondere im Hinblick auf ihre beabsichtigte Anwendung in Kosmetika. Folglich ist es eine Herausforderung, solche Lösungsmittelrückstände aus den Extrakten zu entfernen, ein Prozess, der erhebliche Investitionen in Zeit, Energie und personelle Ressourcen erfordert4. In jüngster Zeit haben sich überhitztes Wasser, ionische Flüssigkeiten, tiefe eutektische Lösungsmittel und biobasierte Lösungsmittel als vielversprechende Ansätze für die Extraktion grüner Lösungsmittel herausgestellt5. Ihr Einsatz ist jedoch nach wie vor durch die Produkttrennung in wässrigen Prozessen begrenzt. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, erweist sich die Entwicklung gebrauchsfertiger Extrakte als praktikable Lösung6.
Polyole werden aufgrund ihrer guten Polarität und ihrer Fähigkeit, Feuchtigkeit aus der Umgebung zu speichern, häufig in kosmetischen Formulierungen als Feuchthaltemittel verwendet7. Darüber hinaus können Polyole wie Glycerin, Propylenglykol, Butylenglykol, Methylpropandiol, Isopentyldiol, Pentylenglykol, 1,2-Hexandiol und Hexylenglykol für Pflanzenextraktionen verwendet werden. Sie gelten als ungiftige, biologisch abbaubare, umweltfreundliche, nicht reaktive und sichere Lösungsmittel für den Einsatz in der Pflanzenextraktion8. Darüber hinaus können Polyole aufgrund ihres erhöhten Siedepunkts und ihrer Polarität der Hitze standhalten, die bei der mikrowellengestützten Extraktion (MAE) entsteht9. Diese Polyole sind von der US-amerikanischen Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allgemein als sichere (GRAS) Chemikalien anerkannt. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Lösungsmitteln wie Ethanol oder Methanol, die aufgrund ihrer potenziell schädlichen Wirkungen möglicherweise eine rigorose Entfernung aus dem Extrakt erfordern, bieten Polyole den Vorteil, dass sie den Energie-, Zeit- und Kostenaufwand für Lösungsmittelentfernungsprozesse minimieren10. Dies rationalisiert nicht nur den Extraktionsprozess, sondern verbessert auch die Gesamteffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit der Extraktionsmethode. Frühere Untersuchungen haben Polyole wie Propylenglykol und Butylenglykol als Lösungsmittel bei der Extraktion von bioaktiven Verbindungen aus Camellia sinensis-Blüten 10 und Kaffeepulpe11 verwendet, was ein erhebliches Potenzial für ihre Rolle als nachhaltige alternative Lösungsmittel im pflanzlichen Extraktionsprozess aufzeigt. Die kontinuierliche Entwicklung und Optimierung eines Polyol-Wasser-Lösungsmittel-Systems birgt daher das Potenzial für bedeutende Fortschritte in der grünen Chemie und in nachhaltigen industriellen Praktiken.
In der Regel werden bioaktive Verbindungen, die in Pflanzen vorkommen, als Sekundärmetaboliten synthetisiert. Diese Verbindungen können in drei Hauptgruppen eingeteilt werden: Terpene und Terpenoide, Alkaloide und phenolische Verbindungen12. Verschiedene Extraktionsmethoden werden unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen eingesetzt, um bestimmte bioaktive Verbindungen aus Pflanzen zu isolieren. Bioaktive Verbindungen aus pflanzlichem Material können entweder mit konventionellen oder nicht-konventionellen Techniken extrahiert werden. Zu den traditionellen Methoden gehören die Mazeration, die Refluxextraktion und die Hydrodestillation, während unkonventionelle Methoden aus der ultraschallgestützten Extraktion, der enzymgestützten Extraktion, der mikrowellengestützten Extraktion (MAE), der gepulsten elektrischen feldgestützten Extraktion, der überkritischen Flüssigkeitsextraktion und der Druckflüssigkeitsextraktion bestehen13. Diese unkonventionellen Methoden sollen die Sicherheit erhöhen, indem sie sicherere Lösungsmittel und Hilfsstoffe verwenden, die Energieeffizienz verbessern, die Degradation der bioaktiven Komponenten verhindern und die Umweltverschmutzung verringern14.
Darüber hinaus gehört MAE zu den ausgereiften grünen Technologien zur Extraktion bioaktiver Verbindungen aus Pflanzen. Herkömmliche Extraktionsverfahren erfordern einen erheblichen Zeit- und Energieaufwand sowie hohe Temperaturen, die im Laufe der Zeit wärmeempfindliche bioaktive Verbindungen abbauen können13. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen thermischen Extraktionen erleichtert MAE die Extraktion bioaktiver Verbindungen, indem es eine lokale Erwärmung innerhalb der Probe erzeugt, die Zellstrukturen aufbricht und den Stofftransport verbessert, wodurch die Effizienz der Verbindungsextraktion erhöht wird. Die Wärme wird aus dem Inneren der Pflanzenzellen durch Mikrowellen übertragen, die auf die Wassermoleküle in den Pflanzenbestandteileneinwirken 13. Darüber hinaus hat MAE Fortschritte gemacht, um die Extraktion und Trennung von Wirkstoffen zu verbessern, die Produktausbeute zu erhöhen, die Extraktionseffizienz zu erhöhen, weniger Chemikalien zu benötigen und Zeit und Energie zu sparen, während gleichzeitig die Zerstörung bioaktiver Verbindungen verhindertwird 15.
Diese Forschung konzentriert sich auf die Extraktion von pflanzlichen phenolischen Verbindungen und natürlichen Antioxidantien durch mikrowellengestützte Extraktion (MAE) unter Verwendung verschiedener Arten von Polyolen als Lösungsmittel. Es werden der Gesamtphenolgehalt (TPC), der Gesamtflavonoidgehalt (TFC) und die antioxidative Aktivität (DPPH, ABTS und FRAP) von MAE-Extrakten auf Polyolbasis bestimmt. Darüber hinaus wird polyolbasierte MAE mit MAE unter Verwendung herkömmlicher Lösungsmittel wie Wasser und Ethanol verglichen. Es wird erwartet, dass diese Forschung zur Entwicklung einer umweltverträglichen Extraktionstechnologie für natürliche Bestandteile beiträgt und die Nachhaltigkeit fördert, indem sie die Abhängigkeit von gefährlichen Chemikalien verringert, die Verarbeitungszeiten verkürzt und den Energieverbrauch bei der Rohstoffproduktion für potenzielle Anwendungen in der Kosmetikindustrie minimiert.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1,2-Hexanediol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2 -Azino-bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A1888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>93285</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Digital balance</td>
			<td>Ohaus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Pioneer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-Digital balance</td>
			<td>Denver</td>
			<td>SI-234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8 tetramethylchroman -2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>238813</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate</td>
			<td>SPL Life Science</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Absolute ethanol</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>64175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>64197</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum chloride</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>898</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automatic pipette</td>
			<td>Labnet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Biopett</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Butylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethos X advanced microwave extraction</td>
			<td>Milestone Srl, Sorisole, Italy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ferrous sulfate</td>
			<td>Ajex Finechem</td>
			<td>3850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Folin-Ciocalteu&#39;s reagent</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>3870</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezer SF</td>
			<td>Sanyo</td>
			<td>C697(GYN)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gallic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>398225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Grinder</td>
			<td>Ou Hardware Products Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid (37%)</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>AR1107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron (III) chloride</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>3820</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopentyldiol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>67561</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methylpropanediol&#160;</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pentylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium persulfate</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quercetin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Q4951</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated centrifuge</td>
			<td>Hettich</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium acetate</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5758</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium carbonate</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>AR1325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium nitrite</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5954</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPECTROstar Nano microplate reader</td>
			<td>BMG- LABTECH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS software</td>
			<td>IBM SPSS Statistics 20</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tray dryer</td>
			<td>France Etuves</td>
			<td>XUE343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidants for cosmetic applications using polyol-based technology

Die Verwendung von Polyolen als grüne Lösungsmittel zur Extraktion bioaktiver Verbindungen aus Pflanzenmaterialien hat aufgrund ihrer Sicherheit und ihres inerten Verhaltens mit pflanzlichen bioaktiven Chemikalien Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Diese Studie untersucht die nachhaltige Extraktion von phenolischen Verbindungen und natürlichen Antioxidantien aus Silberkaffee unter Verwendung der mikrowellengestützten Extraktionsmethode (MAE) mit polyolbasierten Lösungsmitteln: Glycerin, Propylenglykol (PG), Butylenglykol (BG), Methylpropandiol (MPD), Isopentyldiol (IPD), Pentylenglykol, 1,2-Hexandiol und Hexylenglykol (HG). Es wurde eine vergleichende Analyse konventioneller und unkonventioneller Lösungsmittelextraktionen durchgeführt, die sich auf deren Auswirkungen auf die bioaktiven Verbindungen von MAE konzentrierte und Parameter wie den Gesamtphenolgehalt (TPC), den Gesamtflavonoidgehalt (TFC) und antioxidative Aktivitäten wie den 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Assay (DPPH), den 2,2"-Azino-bis(-3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulphonsäure) Radical Scavenging Assay (ABTS) und den Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) umfasste. Die höchsten Werte wurden für TPC mit wässriger 1,2-Hexandiol-Extraktion (52,0 ± 3,0 mg GAE/g Probe), TFC mit wässriger 1,2-Hexandiol-Extraktion (20,0 ± 1,7 mg QE/g Probe), DPPH mit wässriger HG-Extraktion (13,6 ± 0,3 mg TE/g Probe), ABTS mit wässriger Pentylenglykol-Extraktion (8,2 ± 0,1 mg TE/g Probe) und FRAP mit wässriger HG-Extraktion (21,1 ± 1,3 mg Fe (II) E/g Probe) beobachtet. Diese Forschung zielt darauf ab, die umweltfreundliche Extraktionstechnologie durch natürliche Pflanzenbestandteile voranzutreiben und die Nachhaltigkeit durch Minimierung des Einsatzes gefährlicher Chemikalien bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung des Zeit- und Energieverbrauchs zu fördern, mit potenziellen Anwendungen in der Kosmetik.

Nowadays, there is a global trend towards environmental awareness in the beauty industry, leading manufacturers to focus on green technology for extracting plant components using sustainable alternatives1. Typically, traditional solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and hexane are used to extract plant phenolic components and natural antioxidants2. Nevertheless, the presence of solvent residues within plant extracts poses a potential risk to human health, inducing skin and eye irritation3, particularly concerning their intended application in cosmetics. Consequently, it is challenging to eliminate such solvent residues from the extracts, a process that demands considerable investment in time, energy, and human resources4. Recently, superheated water, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and bio-derived solvents have emerged as promising approaches for green solvent extraction5. However, their use is still limited by product separation in aqueous-based processes. To address these challenges, the development of ready-to-use extracts emerges as a viable solution6.
Polyols are often used in cosmetic formulations as humectants because of their good polarity and ability to retain moisture from the environment7. In addition, polyols such as glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, methylpropanediol, isopentyldiol, pentylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, and hexylene glycol can be utilized for plant extractions. They are considered non-toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, non-reactive, and safe solvents for use in plant extraction8. Additionally, polyols can withstand the heat generated during microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) due to their elevated boiling points and polarity9. These polyols are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) chemicals by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Unlike conventional solvents such as ethanol or methanol, which may require rigorous removal from the extract due to their potentially harmful effects, polyols offer the advantage of minimizing the energy, time, and costs associated with solvent removal processes10. This not only streamlines the extraction process but also enhances the overall efficiency and sustainability of the extraction method. Previous investigations have employed polyols such as propylene glycol and butylene glycol as solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Camellia sinensis flowers10 and coffee pulp11, revealing significant potential for their role as sustainable alternative solvents in the plant extraction process. Thus, the continued development and optimization of a polyols-water solvent system holds the potential for significant advancements in green chemistry and sustainable industrial practices.
Generally, bioactive compounds found in plants are synthesized as secondary metabolites. These compounds can be categorized into three primary groups: terpenes and terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds12. Various extraction methods are utilized under different conditions to isolate specific bioactive compounds from plants. Bioactive compounds from plant materials can be extracted using either conventional or non-conventional techniques. Traditional methods include maceration, reflux extraction, and hydro-distillation, while non-conventional methods consist of ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction13. These non-conventional methods are designed to enhance safety by utilizing safer solvents and auxiliaries, improving energy efficiency, preventing degradation of the bioactive components, and reducing environmental pollution14.
Furthermore, MAE is among the sophisticated green technologies for extracting bioactive compounds from plants. Conventional extraction procedures require significant amounts of time, energy, and high temperatures, which over time might degrade heat-sensitive bioactive compounds13. In contrast to conventional thermal extractions, MAE facilitates the extraction of bioactive compounds by generating localized heating within the sample, disrupting cell structures, and enhancing mass transfer, thereby increasing the efficiency of compound extraction. Heat is transferred from inside the plant cells by microwaves, which operate on the water molecules within the plant components13. Moreover, MAE has advanced to improve the extraction and separation of active compounds, increasing product yield, enhancing extraction efficiency, requiring fewer chemicals, and saving time and energy while preventing the destruction of bioactive compounds15.
This research focuses on the extraction of plant phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants through microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using different types of polyols as solvents. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) of polyol-based MAE extracts are determined. Additionally, polyol-based MAE is compared with MAE using conventional solvents such as water and ethanol. This research is expected to contribute to the development of environmentally sustainable extraction technology for natural components, promoting sustainability by reducing reliance on hazardous chemicals, shortening processing times, and minimizing energy consumption in raw material production for potential applications within the cosmetics industry.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Umweltfreundliche Extraktion bioaktiver Verbindungen mit polyolbasierten mikrowellengestützten Techniken

Mikrowellengestützte Extraktion von phenolischen Verbindungen und Antioxidantien für kosmetische Anwendungen mit polyolbasierter Technologie

This research talks about finding eco-friendly ways to extract plant bioactive compounds. We are testing how well microwave assisted extraction with the polyol-based solvents work for extracting plants bioactive substances, especially phenol compounds. Additionally, exploring this method could lead to more efficient and effective extraction technique for the cosmetic industries.Today's cosmetic research is also about using green technology and green chemistry. Nonconventional extraction techniques such as microwave-assist extraction, and extraction, have been interestingly employed to extract plants bioactive compounds. However, organic solvents are still commonly utilized for bioactive component extraction.Using polyol-based solvent for microwave assistant extraction turned out to be more effective than using traditional solvent like water and ethanol. The results show that the plant extract obtained with polyol have higher level of phenolic content for the flavanoid content and antioxidant activity. Compared to those extracted with conventional solvent.Our procedure stands out because it is beneficial, environmentally friendly and safe for human health. It is also more energy efficient and cost effective than traditional processes, making it an excellent alternative for sustainable and simple production. Our finding show that polyols combined with unconventional extraction methods can extract phenol compounds.The next challenge is whether this extraction method can be used to extract other plant, secondary metabolized, and if it can be commercialized to extract bioactive compounds for cosmetic purposes.

Einfluss von polyolen, Lösungsmitteln und herkömmlichen Lösungsmitteln auf den Gesamtphenolgehalt, den Gesamtflavonoidgehalt, DPPH, FRAP und ABTS-Antioxidationsassays Die Polarität des Lösungsmittels sollte mit der der zielgerichteten Wirkstoffe kompatibel sein, um die Extraktionseffizienz von bioaktiven Substanzen aus Pflanzenzu verbessern 22. Es wurden Experimente mit verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln (Wasser, Ethanol, Glycerin, Propylenglykol, Butylenglykol, Methylpropandio...

Dieses Protokoll beschreibt die Verwendung eines polyolbasierten mikrowellengestützten Extraktionsverfahrens zur Extraktion von phenolischen Verbindungen und natürlichen Antioxidantien, das einen praktischen und ökologisch nachhaltigen Ansatz für die Entwicklung gebrauchsfertiger Extrakte darstellt.

The utilization of polyols as green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials has gained attention due to their safety and inert ...

microwave-assisted-extraction-phenolic-compounds-antioxidants-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology

The utilization of polyols as green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials has gained attention due to their safety and inert behavior with plant bioactive chemicals. This study explores the sustainable extraction of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants from coffee silverskin using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method with polyol-based solvents: glycerin, propylene glycol (PG), butylene glycol (BG), methylpropanediol (MPD), isopentyldiol (IPD), pentylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, and hexylene glycol (HG). A comparative analysis was conducted on conventional and non-conventional solvent extractions, focusing on their impact on the bioactive compounds of MAE, encompassing parameters such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities like the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), the 2,2&#8242;-azino-bis(-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging assay (ABTS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). The highest values were observed for TPC with aqueous-1,2-hexanediol extraction (52.0 &#177; 3.0 mg GAE/g sample), TFC with aqueous-1,2-hexanediol extraction (20.0 &#177; 1.7 mg QE/g sample), DPPH with aqueous-HG&#160;extraction (13.6 &#177; 0.3 mg TE/g sample), ABTS with aqueous-pentylene glycol extraction (8.2 &#177; 0.1 mg TE/g sample), and FRAP with aqueous-HG extraction (21.1 &#177; 1.3 mg Fe (II) E/g sample). This research aims to advance eco-friendly extraction technology through natural plant components, promoting sustainability by minimizing hazardous chemical use while reducing time and energy consumption, with potential applications in cosmetics.

This protocol details the utilization of a polyol-based microwave-assisted extraction method for extracting phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants, representing a practical and environmentally sustainable approach to the development of ready-to-use extracts.

Forschung

Chemie

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Natural Antioxidants from Coffee Silverskin Using the Polyol-Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method

To begin, place the diluted 60%solvents for microwave assisted extraction on the working platform. Weigh 0.67 grams of the coffee silver skin and mix with 20 milliliters of extraction solvent at a one is to 30 ratio in a reaction container. Add a magnetic stir bar to the vessel to ensure uniform distribution of the heat and solvent within the sample.Close the vessel firmly with a special tool and place it into the microwave assisted extraction chamber. To set up the method, click on the toolbox icon on the top bar of the monitor and select the SK eT rotor in the accessory section. Then click on the stir and type 20%to set the stirring rate.Click on the door lock sector and set it to activate at temperatures exceeding 80 degrees Celsius. Then click on the table icon on the top bar and set the temperature gradient T1 to an extraction duration of 10 minutes. Microwave power to 1800 watts and temperature to 120 degrees Celsius.To activate the stir, click on the stir button and wait until the green light appears. Set the blower fan speed to level three. To hold the extraction time, select the desired extraction temperature T2 by setting the extraction duration to 15 minutes, the microwave power to 1800 watts and the temperature to 120 degrees Celsius.Now, click on the cooling button at the lower left corner of the screen and select the cooling time of 10 minutes. Click the Save icon at the top right corner of the screen. Start the extraction process by choosing the number of vessels used.Following extraction, centrifuge extracts at 9072g for 15 minutes at four degrees Celsius. Collect the supernatant with a 10 milliliter glass pipette and store it at minus 20 degrees Celsius. Dilute the coffee silver skin extracts tenfold with distilled water in a 96 well plate.Mix 10 microliters of the diluted sample with 20 microliters of undiluted folin-ciocalteu reagent, and allow them to react for three minutes. Next, add 100 microliters of 7.5%sodium carbonate solution to the mixture in each well of a 96 well plate. Prepare different concentrations for the gallic acid standard concentration range by diluting with distilled water.Mix them with 20 microliters of folin-ciocalteu reagent, and allow them to react for three minutes. Next, add 100 microliters of 7.5%sodium carbonate solution to the mixture in each well of a 96 well plate. Incubate the reaction for 30 minutes in the dark at room temperature.On a microplate reader, measure the absorbance of the reaction mixture at 765 nanometers. Plot the standard calibration curve using the concentrations of the standard and absorbance at 765 nanometers. Express the results as milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram of the sample.Aqueous 1, 2 hexanediol extraction yielded the highest total phenolic content and water extraction yielded the lowest. Aqueous 1, 2 hexanediol extraction yielded the highest total flavonoid content and aqueous isopentyldiol extraction yielded the lowest. Aqueous hexylene glycol extraction exhibited the highest DPPH assay value and aqueous ethanol extraction exhibited the lowest.Aqueous pentylene glycol extraction resulted in the highest ABTS assay value and water extraction resulted in the lowest. Aqueous hexylene glycol extraction showed the highest FRAP value and water extraction showed the lowest.

Extraktion von phenolischen Verbindungen und natürlichen Antioxidantien aus Silverskin-Kaffee mit der mikrowellengestützten Extraktionsmethode auf Polyolbasis