この研究は、メーファールアン大学から資金提供を受けました。著者らは、コーヒーシルバースキンサンプルの取得に関して研究者と地元の農家とのつながりを促進してくれたメーファールアン大学の紅茶コーヒー研究所に感謝したいと思います。

本試験で使用した試薬および装置の詳細は、 材料表に記載されています。
1. 実験の準備
<ol><li>植物サンプル調製<ol><li>淹れたてのコーヒーシルバースキン(Coffea arabica)を集め、トレイドライヤーで60°Cで72時間11分乾燥させます。</li>
		<li>乾燥したコーヒーシルバースキン(CS)をグラインダーを使用して微粉末に挽き、さら...

ポリオールベースのマイクロ波支援抽出によるフェノールおよび抗酸化物質の収量

<ol>
	<li>Wawoczny, A., Gillner, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+most+potent+natural+pharmaceuticals,+cosmetics,+and+food+ingredients+isolated+from+plants+with+deep+eutectic+solvents.">The most potent natural pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food ingredients isolated from plants with deep eutectic solvents.</a> J Agric Food Chem. 71 (29), 10877-10900 (2023).</li><li>Syukur, M., Prahasiwi, M. S., Yuliani, S., Purwaningsih, Y., Indriyanti, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Profiling+of+active+compounds+of+extract+ethanol,+n-hexane,+ethyl+acetate+and+fraction+ethanol+of+star+anise+(Illicium+verum+hook.+F.)+and+determination+of+total+flavonoids,+total+phenolics+and+their+potential+as+antioxidants.">Profiling of active compounds of extract ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and fraction ethanol of star anise (Illicium verum hook. F.) and determination of total flavonoids, total phenolics and their potential as antioxidants.</a> Sci Technol Indones. 8 (2), 219-226 (2023).</li><li>Supjaroenporn, C., Khongcharoen, P., Myo, H., Khat-Udomkiri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+the+optimization,+characterization,+and+antioxidant+activities+of+phenolic+extracts+extracted+from+Rhus+chinensis+Mill.+Leaf+using+microwave-assisted+extraction+system+with+glycerol+as+a+green+solvent.">Studying the optimization, characterization, and antioxidant activities of phenolic extracts extracted from Rhus chinensis Mill. Leaf using microwave-assisted extraction system with glycerol as a green solvent.</a> Curr Bioact Compd. 20 (3), 68-82 (2024).</li><li>Gasser, M. S., Abdel Rahman, R. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustainability+of+solvent+extraction+techniques+in+pollution+prevention+and+control.">Sustainability of solvent extraction techniques in pollution prevention and control.</a> Handbook of advanced approaches towards pollution prevention and control. , 33-66 (2021).</li><li>P&#322;otka-Wasylka, J., Rutkowska, M., Owczarek, K., Tobiszewski, M., Namie&#347;nik, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extraction+with+environmentally+friendly+solvents.">Extraction with environmentally friendly solvents.</a> TrAC, Trends Anal Chem. 91, 12-25 (2017).</li><li>Queffelec, J., Beraud, W., Torres, M. D., Dom&#237;nguez, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+obtaining+ready-to-use+extracts+with+natural+solvents.">Advances in obtaining ready-to-use extracts with natural solvents.</a> Sustain Chem Pharm. 38, 101478 (2024).</li><li>Can Karaca, A., Erdem, I. G., Ak, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+polyols+on+gelation+kinetics,+gel+hardness,+and+drying+properties+of+alginates+subjected+to+internal+gelation.">Effects of polyols on gelation kinetics, gel hardness, and drying properties of alginates subjected to internal gelation.</a> LWT. 92, 297-303 (2018).</li><li>Nastasi, J. R., Daygon, V. D., Kontogiorgos, V., Fitzgerald, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Qualitative+analysis+of+polyphenols+in+glycerol+plant+extracts+using+untargeted+metabolomics.">Qualitative analysis of polyphenols in glycerol plant extracts using untargeted metabolomics.</a> Metabolites. 13 (4), 566 (2023).</li><li>Khat-Udomkiri, N., Gatnawa, G., Boonlerd, N., Myo, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Valorization+of+Camellia+sinensis+flowers+in+cosmetic+and+pharmaceutical+applications:+Optimization+of+microwave-assisted+glycerin+extraction.">Valorization of Camellia sinensis flowers in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications: Optimization of microwave-assisted glycerin extraction.</a> Waste Biomass Valori. 15, 323-335 (2023).</li><li>Myo, H., Yaowiwat, N., Pongkorpsakol, P., Aonbangkhen, C., Khat-Udomkiri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Butylene+glycol+used+as+a+sustainable+solvent+for+extracting+bioactive+compounds+from+Camellia+sinensis+flowers+with+ultrasound-assisted+extraction.">Butylene glycol used as a sustainable solvent for extracting bioactive compounds from Camellia sinensis flowers with ultrasound-assisted extraction.</a> ACS omega. 8 (5), 4976-4987 (2023).</li><li>Myo, H., Khat-Udomkiri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+ultrasound-assisted+extraction+of+bioactive+compounds+from+coffee+pulp+using+propylene+glycol+as+a+solvent+and+their+antioxidant+activities.">Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from coffee pulp using propylene glycol as a solvent and their antioxidant activities.</a> Ultrason Sonochem. 89, 106127 (2022).</li><li>Twaij, B. M., Hasan, M. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioactive+secondary+metabolites+from+plant+sources:+Types,+synthesis,+and+their+therapeutic+uses.">Bioactive secondary metabolites from plant sources: Types, synthesis, and their therapeutic uses.</a> Int J Plant Biol. 13 (1), 4-14 (2022).</li><li>Bitwell, C., Sen, I. S., Luke, C., Kakoma, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+modern+and+conventional+extraction+techniques+and+their+applications+for+extracting+phytochemicals+from+plants.">A review of modern and conventional extraction techniques and their applications for extracting phytochemicals from plants.</a> Sci Afr. 19, e01585 (2023).</li><li>Chakrabortty, S., Kumar, A., Patruni, K., Singh, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Recent advances in food biotechnology. , 353-370 (2022).</li><li>Fan, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanochemical+assisted+extraction+as+a+green+approach+in+preparation+of+bioactive+components+extraction+from+natural+products+-+A+review.">Mechanochemical assisted extraction as a green approach in preparation of bioactive components extraction from natural products - A review.</a> Trends Food Sci Technol. 129, 98-110 (2022).</li><li>Bessada, S. 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J., Gure, A., Abdissa, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+total+phenolic+content+and+antioxidant+activity+of+Commiphora+mollis+(oliv).+Engl.+Resin.">Determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Commiphora mollis (oliv). Engl. Resin.</a> BMC Chem. 16 (1), 48 (2022).</li><li>Barku, V., Opoku-Boahen, Y., Owusu-Ansah, E., Mensah, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antioxidant+activity+and+the+estimation+of+total+phenolic+and+flavonoid+contents+of+the+root+extract+of+Amaranthus+spinosus.">Antioxidant activity and the estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the root extract of Amaranthus spinosus.</a> Asian J Plant Sci Res. 3 (1), 69-74 (2013).</li><li>Samarasiri, M., Chandrasiri, T., Wijesinghe, D., Gunawardena, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antioxidant+capacity+and+total+phenolic+content+variations+against+Morinda+citrifolia+L.+fruit+juice+production+methods.">Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content variations against Morinda citrifolia L. fruit juice production methods.</a> Int J Food Eng. 5, 293-299 (2019).</li><li>Rumpf, J., Burger, R., Schulze, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Statistical+evaluation+of+DPPH,+ABTS,+FRAP,+and+Folin-Ciocalteu+assays+to+assess+the+antioxidant+capacity+of+lignins.">Statistical evaluation of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin-Ciocalteu assays to assess the antioxidant capacity of lignins.</a> Int J Biol Macromol. 233, 123470 (2023).</li><li>Lainez-Cer&#243;n, E., Ram&#237;rez-Corona, N., Jim&#233;nez-Mungu&#237;a, M. 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J., Xu, B., Head-Gordon, M., Ahmed, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+computational+and+experimental+view+of+hydrogen+bonding+in+glycerol+water+clusters.">A computational and experimental view of hydrogen bonding in glycerol water clusters.</a> J Phys Chem A. 126 (10), 1701-1710 (2022).</li><li>Fan, C., Liu, Y., Sebbah, T., Cao, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+theoretical+study+on+terpene-based+natural+deep+eutectic+solvent:+Relationship+between+viscosity+and+hydrogen-bonding+interactions.">A theoretical study on terpene-based natural deep eutectic solvent: Relationship between viscosity and hydrogen-bonding interactions.</a> Glob Chall. 5 (3), 2000103 (2021).</li><li>Liese, S., Schlaich, A., Netz, R. 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著者は何も開示していません。

MAEの成功には、植物成分の植物化学含有量、抽出時間、温度、マイクロ波電力、固液比、溶媒濃度など、さまざまな要因が重要な役割を果たします13。植物は通常、植物化学物質のさまざまなプロファイルを示します。したがって、抗酸化物質とフェノール化合物が豊富な天然植物の選択が不可欠です23。さらに、異なる生理活性成分は、使用する溶媒に応...

今日、美容業界では環境意識への世界的な傾向があり、メーカーは持続可能な代替品を使用して植物成分を抽出するためのグリーンテクノロジーに焦点を当てるようになりました1。通常、エタノール、メタノール、ヘキサンなどの従来の溶媒は、植物フェノール成分と天然抗酸化物質を抽出するために使用されます2。それにもかかわらず、植物抽出物中の溶媒残留物の存在は、人間の健康に潜在的なリスクをもたらし、特に化粧品への意図された用途に関して、皮膚や眼の炎症を誘発します3。その結果、抽出物からこのような溶媒残留物を除去することは困難であり、このプロセスには時間、エネルギー、および人的資源に多大な投資が必要です4。近年、過熱水、イオン液体、深部共晶溶媒、およびバイオ由来溶媒が、グリーン溶媒抽出の有望なアプローチとして浮上しています5。しかし、水系プロセスでの製品分離により、その使用は依然として制限されています。これらの課題に対処するために、すぐに使用できる抽出物の開発が実行可能な解決策として浮上しています6。
ポリオールは、その優れた極性と環境からの水分を保持する能力があるため、保湿剤として化粧品の配合物によく使用されます7。さらに、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、メチルプロパンジオール、イソペンチルジオール、ペンチレングリコール、1,2-ヘキサンジオール、ヘキシレングリコールなどのポリオールを植物抽出に利用できます。それらは、植物抽出8に使用するための無毒で、生分解性で、環境にやさしく、非反応性で、安全な溶媒と考えられています。さらに、ポリオールは沸点と極性が高いため、マイクロ波支援抽出(MAE)中に発生する熱に耐えることができます9。これらのポリオールは、米国食品医薬品局(FDA)によって一般に安全(GRAS)化学物質として認められています。エタノールやメタノールなどの従来の溶媒とは異なり、ポリオールは、その潜在的に有害な影響のために抽出物からの厳密な除去を必要とする場合があり、溶媒除去プロセスに関連するエネルギー、時間、およびコストを最小限に抑えるという利点を提供する10。これにより、抽出プロセスが合理化されるだけでなく、抽出方法の全体的な効率と持続可能性も向上します。これまでの研究では、 Camellia sinensis の花10 およびコーヒーパルプ11からの生理活性化合物の抽出において、プロピレングリコールやブチレングリコールなどのポリオールを溶媒として使用しており、植物抽出プロセスにおける持続可能な代替溶媒としての役割に大きな可能性が明らかになっている。したがって、ポリオール-水溶媒システムの継続的な開発と最適化は、グリーンケミストリーと持続可能な産業慣行の大幅な進歩の可能性を秘めています。
一般に、植物に見られる生理活性化合物は二次代謝産物として合成されます。これらの化合物は、テルペンとテルペノイド、アルカロイド、およびフェノール化合物の3つの主要なグループに分類できます12。植物から特定の生理活性化合物を単離するために、さまざまな抽出方法がさまざまな条件下で利用されます。植物材料からの生理活性化合物は、従来の技術または非従来の技術のいずれかを使用して抽出できます。従来の方法には、浸軟、還流抽出、および水蒸留が含まれますが、非従来型の方法は、超音波支援抽出、酵素支援抽出、マイクロ波支援抽出(MAE)、パルス電界支援抽出、超臨界流体抽出、および加圧液体抽出13で構成されます。これらの従来とは異なる方法は、より安全な溶剤と助剤を利用し、エネルギー効率を改善し、生物活性成分の劣化を防ぎ、環境汚染を減らすことにより、安全性を高めるように設計されています14。
さらに、MAEは、植物から生理活性化合物を抽出するための洗練されたグリーンテクノロジーの1つです。従来の抽出手順では、かなりの時間、エネルギー、および高温が必要であり、時間の経過とともに熱に敏感な生理活性化合物を劣化させる可能性があります13。従来の熱抽出とは対照的に、MAEは、サンプル内に局所的な加熱を発生させ、細胞構造を破壊し、物質移動を促進することにより、生理活性化合物の抽出を促進し、それによって化合物抽出の効率を高めます。熱は、植物成分13内の水分子に作用するマイクロ波によって植物細胞内部から伝達される。さらに、MAEは、活性化合物の抽出と分離を改善し、製品の収率を高め、抽出効率を高め、必要な化学物質を減らし、生理活性化合物の破壊を防ぎながら時間とエネルギーを節約するために進歩しました15。
この研究では、さまざまな種類のポリオールを溶媒として使用したマイクロ波支援抽出(MAE)による植物フェノール化合物と天然抗酸化物質の抽出に焦点を当てています。ポリオールベースのMAE抽出物の総フェノール含有量(TPC)、総フラボノイド含有量(TFC)、および抗酸化活性(DPPH、ABTS、FRAP)が決定されます。さらに、ポリオールベースのMAEは、水やエタノールなどの従来の溶媒を使用してMAEと比較されます。この研究は、化粧品業界での潜在的な用途のために、有害化学物質への依存を減らし、処理時間を短縮し、原材料生産におけるエネルギー消費を最小限に抑えることにより、持続可能性を促進し、天然成分の環境的に持続可能な抽出技術の開発に貢献することが期待されています。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1,2-Hexanediol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2 -Azino-bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A1888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>93285</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Digital balance</td>
			<td>Ohaus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Pioneer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-Digital balance</td>
			<td>Denver</td>
			<td>SI-234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8 tetramethylchroman -2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>238813</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate</td>
			<td>SPL Life Science</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Absolute ethanol</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>64175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>64197</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum chloride</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>898</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automatic pipette</td>
			<td>Labnet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Biopett</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Butylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethos X advanced microwave extraction</td>
			<td>Milestone Srl, Sorisole, Italy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ferrous sulfate</td>
			<td>Ajex Finechem</td>
			<td>3850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Folin-Ciocalteu&#39;s reagent</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>3870</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezer SF</td>
			<td>Sanyo</td>
			<td>C697(GYN)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gallic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>398225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Grinder</td>
			<td>Ou Hardware Products Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid (37%)</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>AR1107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iron (III) chloride</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>3820</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopentyldiol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>67561</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methylpropanediol&#160;</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pentylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium persulfate</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propylene glycol</td>
			<td>Chanjao Longevity Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quercetin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Q4951</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated centrifuge</td>
			<td>Hettich</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium acetate</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5758</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium carbonate</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5810</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>RCI Labscan</td>
			<td>AR1325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium nitrite</td>
			<td>Loba Chemie</td>
			<td>5954</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPECTROstar Nano microplate reader</td>
			<td>BMG- LABTECH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS software</td>
			<td>IBM SPSS Statistics 20</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tray dryer</td>
			<td>France Etuves</td>
			<td>XUE343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidants for cosmetic applications using polyol-based technology

ポリオールは、植物原料から生理活性化合物を抽出するためのグリーン溶媒として、その安全性と植物生理活性化学物質との不活性な挙動から注目されています。この研究では、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール(PG)、ブチレングリコール(BG)、メチルプロパンジオール(MPD)、イソペンチルジオール(IPD)、ペンチレングリコール、1,2-ヘキサンジオール、ヘキシレングリコール(HG))などのポリオールベースの溶媒を用いたマイクロ波支援抽出法を使用して、コーヒーシルバースキンからフェノール化合物と天然抗酸化物質を持続的に抽出する方法を調査しています。総フェノール含有量(TPC)、総フラボノイド含有量(TFC)、1,1-ジフェニル-2-ピクリルヒドラジルラジカル捕捉アッセイ(DPPH)、2,2′-アジノ-ビス(-3-エチルベンゾチアゾリン-6-スルホン酸)ラジカル捕捉アッセイ(ABTS)、鉄還元酸化防止パワーアッセイ(FRAP)などの抗酸化活性活性などのパラメーターを含む、MAEの生理活性化合物への影響に焦点を当てて、従来型および非従来型の溶媒抽出について比較分析を行いました。最も高い値は、水性 1,2-ヘキサンジオール抽出による TPC(52.0 ± 3.0 mg GAE/g サンプル)、水性 1,2-ヘキサンジオール抽出による TFC(20.0 ± 1.7 mg QE/g サンプル)、DPPH 水性 HG 抽出(13.6 ± 0.3 mg TE/g サンプル)、ABTS 水性ペンチレングリコール抽出(8.2 ± 0.1 mg TE/g サンプル)、FRAP 水性 (21.1 ± 1.3 mg Fe (II) E/g サンプル) で観察されました。この研究は、天然植物成分による環境に優しい抽出技術を推進し、危険な化学物質の使用を最小限に抑えながら時間とエネルギー消費を削減することで持続可能性を促進し、化粧品への応用の可能性を秘めています。

Nowadays, there is a global trend towards environmental awareness in the beauty industry, leading manufacturers to focus on green technology for extracting plant components using sustainable alternatives1. Typically, traditional solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and hexane are used to extract plant phenolic components and natural antioxidants2. Nevertheless, the presence of solvent residues within plant extracts poses a potential risk to human health, inducing skin and eye irritation3, particularly concerning their intended application in cosmetics. Consequently, it is challenging to eliminate such solvent residues from the extracts, a process that demands considerable investment in time, energy, and human resources4. Recently, superheated water, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and bio-derived solvents have emerged as promising approaches for green solvent extraction5. However, their use is still limited by product separation in aqueous-based processes. To address these challenges, the development of ready-to-use extracts emerges as a viable solution6.
Polyols are often used in cosmetic formulations as humectants because of their good polarity and ability to retain moisture from the environment7. In addition, polyols such as glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, methylpropanediol, isopentyldiol, pentylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, and hexylene glycol can be utilized for plant extractions. They are considered non-toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, non-reactive, and safe solvents for use in plant extraction8. Additionally, polyols can withstand the heat generated during microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) due to their elevated boiling points and polarity9. These polyols are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) chemicals by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Unlike conventional solvents such as ethanol or methanol, which may require rigorous removal from the extract due to their potentially harmful effects, polyols offer the advantage of minimizing the energy, time, and costs associated with solvent removal processes10. This not only streamlines the extraction process but also enhances the overall efficiency and sustainability of the extraction method. Previous investigations have employed polyols such as propylene glycol and butylene glycol as solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Camellia sinensis flowers10 and coffee pulp11, revealing significant potential for their role as sustainable alternative solvents in the plant extraction process. Thus, the continued development and optimization of a polyols-water solvent system holds the potential for significant advancements in green chemistry and sustainable industrial practices.
Generally, bioactive compounds found in plants are synthesized as secondary metabolites. These compounds can be categorized into three primary groups: terpenes and terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds12. Various extraction methods are utilized under different conditions to isolate specific bioactive compounds from plants. Bioactive compounds from plant materials can be extracted using either conventional or non-conventional techniques. Traditional methods include maceration, reflux extraction, and hydro-distillation, while non-conventional methods consist of ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pulsed electric field-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction13. These non-conventional methods are designed to enhance safety by utilizing safer solvents and auxiliaries, improving energy efficiency, preventing degradation of the bioactive components, and reducing environmental pollution14.
Furthermore, MAE is among the sophisticated green technologies for extracting bioactive compounds from plants. Conventional extraction procedures require significant amounts of time, energy, and high temperatures, which over time might degrade heat-sensitive bioactive compounds13. In contrast to conventional thermal extractions, MAE facilitates the extraction of bioactive compounds by generating localized heating within the sample, disrupting cell structures, and enhancing mass transfer, thereby increasing the efficiency of compound extraction. Heat is transferred from inside the plant cells by microwaves, which operate on the water molecules within the plant components13. Moreover, MAE has advanced to improve the extraction and separation of active compounds, increasing product yield, enhancing extraction efficiency, requiring fewer chemicals, and saving time and energy while preventing the destruction of bioactive compounds15.
This research focuses on the extraction of plant phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants through microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using different types of polyols as solvents. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) of polyol-based MAE extracts are determined. Additionally, polyol-based MAE is compared with MAE using conventional solvents such as water and ethanol. This research is expected to contribute to the development of environmentally sustainable extraction technology for natural components, promoting sustainability by reducing reliance on hazardous chemicals, shortening processing times, and minimizing energy consumption in raw material production for potential applications within the cosmetics industry.

著者スポットライト:ポリオールベースのマイクロ波支援技術を使用した生物活性化合物の環境に優しい抽出

ポリオールベース技術を用いた化粧品用途向けのフェノール化合物および酸化防止剤のマイクロ波支援抽出

This research talks about finding eco-friendly ways to extract plant bioactive compounds. We are testing how well microwave assisted extraction with the polyol-based solvents work for extracting plants bioactive substances, especially phenol compounds. Additionally, exploring this method could lead to more efficient and effective extraction technique for the cosmetic industries.Today's cosmetic research is also about using green technology and green chemistry. Nonconventional extraction techniques such as microwave-assist extraction, and extraction, have been interestingly employed to extract plants bioactive compounds. However, organic solvents are still commonly utilized for bioactive component extraction.Using polyol-based solvent for microwave assistant extraction turned out to be more effective than using traditional solvent like water and ethanol. The results show that the plant extract obtained with polyol have higher level of phenolic content for the flavanoid content and antioxidant activity. Compared to those extracted with conventional solvent.Our procedure stands out because it is beneficial, environmentally friendly and safe for human health. It is also more energy efficient and cost effective than traditional processes, making it an excellent alternative for sustainable and simple production. Our finding show that polyols combined with unconventional extraction methods can extract phenol compounds.The next challenge is whether this extraction method can be used to extract other plant, secondary metabolized, and if it can be commercialized to extract bioactive compounds for cosmetic purposes.

総フェノール含有量、総フラボノイド含有量、DPPH、FRAP、およびABTS抗酸化アッセイに対するポリオール溶媒および従来型溶媒の影響 溶媒の極性は、植物からの生理活性物質の抽出効率を改善するために、標的活性分子の極性と一致するべきである22。各種溶媒(水、エタノール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、メチルプロパンジオ?...

このプロトコルは、フェノール化合物と天然酸化防止剤を抽出するためのポリオールベースのマイクロ波支援抽出法の利用を詳述しており、すぐに使用できる抽出物の開発に対する実用的で環境的に持続可能なアプローチを表しています。

The utilization of polyols as green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials has gained attention due to their safety and inert ...

microwave-assisted-extraction-phenolic-compounds-antioxidants-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology

504 Views.  Mae Fah Laung University. This research talks about finding eco-friendly ways to extract plant bioactive compounds. We are testing how well microwave assisted extraction with the polyol-based solvents work for extracting plants bioactive substances, especially phenol compounds. Additionally, exploring this method could lead to more efficient and effective extraction technique for the cosmetic industries.Today's cosmetic research is also about using green technology and green chemistry. Nonconventional extractio...