Name: single cell electroporation in vivo within the intact developing brain
Uploaded: 2008-07-11T18:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single Cell Electroporation in vivo within the Intact Developing Brain at JoVE.com

The authors thank Sharmin Hossain for the time-lapse movie capturing growth of an immature neuron and Derek Dunfield for the electron microscopy images of SCE micromicropipette tips.

Equipment set-up:
<ol>
<li>The electrical equipment required for this technique are a stimulator, an oscilloscope, and a micropipette holder fitted with a silver wire to be inserted into the micropipette. We typically use an Axon instruments Axoporator 800A stimulator, however other common stimulators such as the Grass instruments SD9 stimulators are also suitable for single-cell electroporation. The stimulator is connected to the headstage, which interfaces with the silver wire electrode to be placed inside the glass m...

<ol>
	<li>Bestman, J. E., Ewald, R. C., Chiu, S. L., Cline, H. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+single-cell+electroporation+for+transfer+of+DNA+and+macromolecules.">In vivo single-cell electroporation for transfer of DNA and macromolecules.</a> Nature Protocols. 1, 1267-1272 (2006).</li><li>Dunfield, D., Haas, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+cell+electroporation.">Single cell electroporation.</a> Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (4th Ed.). , .</li><li>Haas, K., Jensen, K., Sin, W. C., Foa, L., Cline, H. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+electroporation+in+Xenopus+tadpoles+in+vivo--from+single+cells+to+the+entire+brain.">Targeted electroporation in Xenopus tadpoles in vivo--from single cells to the entire brain.</a> Differentiation. 70, 148-154 (2002).</li><li>Haas, K., Sin, W. C., Javaherian, A., Cline, H. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+electroporation+for+gene+transfer+in+vivo.">Single-cell electroporation for gene transfer in vivo.</a> Neuron. 29, 583-591 (2001).</li></ol>

Single-cell electroporation (SCE) is a powerful tool for determining gene function and performing targeted genetic manipulation. The transparency of the albino tadpole and the accessibility of the brain make this model system ideally suited for visualizing neuronal growth and intracellular events within a live organism. SCE allows the visualization of the growth of a single neuron, and to perform cell-autonomous manipulations within an otherwise unaltered brain. While this video article demonstrates the procedure for sin...

single cell electroporation in vivo within the intact developing brain

Single-cell electroporation (SCE) is a specialized technique allowing the delivery of DNA or other macromolecules into individual cells within intact tissue, including in vivo preparations. The distinct advantage of this technique is that experimental manipulations may be performed on individual cells while leaving the surrounding tissue unaltered, thereby distinguishing cell-autonomous effects from those resulting from global treatments. When combined with advanced in vivo imaging techniques, SCE of fluorescent markers permits direct visualization of cellular morphology, cell growth, and intracellular events over timescales ranging from seconds to days. While this technique is used in a variety of in vivo and ex vivo preparations, we have optimized this technique for use in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. In this video article, we detail the procedure for SCE of a fluorescent dye or plasmid DNA into neurons within the intact brain of the albino Xenopus tadpole. We also discuss methods to optimize yield, and show examples of live two-photon fluorescence imaging of neurons fluorescently labeled by SCE.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single Cell Electroporation in vivo within the Intact Developing Brain at JoVE.com

Single Cell Electroporation in vivo within the Intact Developing Brain

Single-cell electroporation (SCE) is a specialized technique allowing delivery of DNA or other macromolecules into individual cells within intact tissue, including in vivo preparations. Here we detail the procedure for SCE of a fluorescent dye or plasmid DNA into neurons within the intact brain of the Xenopus laevis tadpole.

Single-cell electroporation (SCE) is a specialized technique allowing the delivery of DNA or other macromolecules into individual cells within intact ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Electroporation of Mycobacteria

High efficiency transformation is a major limitation in the study of mycobacteria. The genus Mycobacterium can be difficult to transform; this is mainly ...

In utero and ex vivo Electroporation for Gene Expression in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

In utero and ex vivo Electroporation for Gene Expression in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

The retina and its sole output neuron, the retinal ganglion cell (RGC), comprise an excellent model in which to examine biological questions such as cell ...

Mesoscopic Fluorescence Tomography for In-vivo Imaging of Developing Drosophila

Mesoscopic Fluorescence Tomography for In-vivo Imaging of Developing Drosophila

Visualizing  developing organ formation as well as progession and treatment of disease often  heavily relies on the ability to optically interrogate ...

Single-cell Suction Recordings from Mouse Cone Photoreceptors

Rod and cone photoreceptors in the retina are responsible for light detection. In darkness, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the outer segment ...

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution

Recent improvements in optical imaging, genetically encoded fluorophores and genetic tools allowing efficient establishment of desired transgenic animal ...

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Adult Zebrafish Retina

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Adult Zebrafish Retina

In vivo electroporation av Morpholinos til Adult sebrafisk Retina

Many devastating inherited eye diseases result in progressive and irreversible blindness because humans cannot regenerate dying or diseased retinal ...

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin

In vivo electroporation av Morpholinos i Regenerating Adult sebrafisk Halefinner

Certain species of urodeles and teleost fish can regenerate their tissues. Zebrafish have become a widely used model to study the spontaneous regeneration ...

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Confocal Imaging av enkelt Mitokondrielle superoksid Blinker Intakt hjerte eller<em&gt; I Vivo</em

Mitochondrion is a critical intracellular organelle responsible for energy production and intracellular signaling in eukaryotic systems. Mitochondrial ...

Assessment of Calcium Sparks in Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Vurdering av kalsium Sparks i Intakt skjelettmuskelfibre

Maintaining homeostatic Ca2+ signaling is a fundamental physiological process in living cells. Ca2+ sparks are the elementary units of Ca2+ signaling in ...

In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation of Mouse Testis

In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation of Mouse Testis

I Vivo Mikroinjeksjon og Electroporation mus Testis

This video and article contribution gives a comprehensive description of microinjection and electroporation of mouse testis in vivo. This particular ...