comparing-frequency-effect-between-lexical-decision-naming-tasks

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

In psycholinguistic research, the frequency effect can be one of the indicators for eligible experimental tasks that examine the nature of lexical access. ...

National Taiwan University

One new compound 6-demethylvermistatin (1), together with two known compounds, the penicillide derivatives (2) and (3) were isolated from the mangrove fungus Guignardia sp. No. 4382 obtained from the South China Sea. Their structures were assigned using high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry(HREIMS), (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra, DEPT, and by 2D COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by comparison of its CD with that of vermistatin.

1H and 13C NMR assignments for 6-demethylvermistatin and two penicillide derivatives from the mangrove fungus Guignardia sp. (No. 4382) from the South China Sea.

To investigate the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamH I "f" variant in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its metastases in lymph nodes (LN).

[Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus BamH I "f" variant in nodal metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus is an important oncogene. Fascin is an actin cross-linking protein involved in cell migration and adhesion. Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pStat3) is a member of STATs family, which is closely related to tumorigenesis. This study was to investigate expressions of LMP1, Fascin and pStat3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and lymph node metastases of NPC, thus to explore their correlations to the initiation and progression of NPC.

[Correlation of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) to fascin and phosphorylated Stat3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Two new natural products, tenelate A (1) and B (2), together with the known compound, tenellic acid C (3), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. (SBE-14), from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Structure elucidation of three diphenyl ether derivatives from the mangrove endophytic fungus SBE-14 from the South China Sea.

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the extract of the mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. ZH-154, which was isolated from the stem bark of Kandelia candel (L.) Druce, Rhizophoraceae, afforded two new metabolites, 7-epiaustdiol ( 1) and 8-O-methylepiaustdiol ( 2), together with the known compounds, stemphyperylenol ( 3), skyrin ( 4), secalonic acid A ( 5), emodin ( 6), and norlichexanthone ( 7). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences including CD, MS, and 1D, 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic activities.

The bioactive metabolites of the mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. ZH-154 isolated from Kandelia candel (L.) Druce.

A sensitive and rapid method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of the novel anticancer agent SZ-685C in rat plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in negative ion mode in order to support the following pre-clinical and clinical studies. SZ-685C and the internal standard (IS, emodin) were extracted from rat plasma by a simple liquid-liquid extraction technique using ethyl acetate as extraction solvent. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Elite Hypersil BDS C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d., 3 μm). Elution was carried out using methanol/acetonitrile/2mM ammonium formate (pH 4) (80:15:5 (v/v/v)) at a flow-rate of 0.3 mL/min with a run time of 2.5 min. This assay was linear over a concentration range of 50-10,000 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 50 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-batch precision was less than 15% for all quality control samples at concentrations of 100, 1000 and 7500 ng/mL. These results indicate that the method was efficient with a short run time and acceptable accuracy, precision and sensitivity. This method was successfully applied to explore pharmacokinetics of SZ-685C in rats after oral and intravenous administration of this agent. The absolute bioavailability is about 54.8-66.8% and the t(1/2) is 5.7-9.2h, these results provide basic information for further comprehensive pre-clinical research.

Development and validation of a highly rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of SZ-685C, an investigational marine anticancer agent, in rat plasma--application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Nine new derivatives (6-14) of the eremophilane sesquiterpene 07H239-A (5) were designed and semisynthesized with two types of R-groups by amidation. Most of them were active against five human tumor cell lines, and compounds 6-10 were more potent than the natural product 5. In particular, compounds 6 and 9 exhibited the strongest cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-435 with IC₅₀ values of 0.91 and 0.96 μM, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) analysis indicated that the 14-carboxyl in 5 was an ideal target for chemical modification, and the side chain of 5 might play a necessary role in facilitating their cytotoxic potencies.

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of eremophilane sesquiterpene 07H239-A derivatives.

&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x5E74;&#x76D1;&#x6D4B; 2009&#x5E74;&#x5927;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x6027;&#x6D41;&#x611F; (H1N1) &#x7684; (pH1N1) &#x5728;&#x5E7F;&#x5DDE;&#x5E02;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x62A5;&#x9053;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x6A21;&#x548C;&#x6301;&#x7EED;&#x65F6;&#x95F4; pH1N1 &#x7206;&#x53D1;&#x3001; &#x4E25;&#x91CD;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x548C; pH1N1 &#x60A3;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x75C5;&#x6B7B;&#x7387;&#x6709;&#x663E;&#x8457;&#x8F83;&#x4F4E;&#x6216;&#x8F83;&#x77ED;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x5E74; &#xFF08;5 &#x6708; 2010&#x5E74;-4 &#x6708; 2011&#x5E74;) &#x6BD4;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x5E74; (2009&#x5E74;-4 &#x6708; 5 &#x6708; 2010&#x5E74;) (P &lt; 0.05)&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x5B63;&#x8282;&#x6027;&#x6D41;&#x611F; (P &gt; 0.05)&#x3002;&#x4E0E;&#x5B63;&#x8282;&#x6027;&#x6D41;&#x611F;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#xFF0C;&#x9884;&#x5148;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x6162;&#x6027;&#x80BA;&#x75BE;&#x75C5;&#x662F;&#x81F4;&#x547D;&#x6D41;&#x611F;&#x75C5;&#x4F8B;&#x7684; pH1N1 &#x4E0E;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x5371;&#x9669;&#x56E0;&#x7D20;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x4E8E;&#x5B63;&#x8282;&#x6027;&#x6D41;&#x611F;&#xFF0C;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x5E74;&#x7684;&#x6625;&#x590F;&#x5B63;&#x8282;&#xFF0C;pH1N1 &#x6D41;&#x611F;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x5728;&#x79CB;&#x51AC;&#x5B63;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x5E74;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5EF6;&#x957F;&#x5230;&#x51AC;&#x6625;&#x5B63;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x5E74;&#x3002;&#x8D44;&#x6599;&#x8868;&#x660E; pH1N1 &#x6D41;&#x611F;&#x75AB;&#x60C5;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x8D8B;&#x52BF;&#x8FDB;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x8F6C;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x6625;&#x590F;&#x5B63;&#x8282;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x672A;&#x6765;&#x51E0;&#x5E74;&#x4E2D;&#x6210;&#x4E3A;&#x5360;&#x4E3B;&#x5BFC;&#x5730;&#x4F4D;&#x7684;&#x5B63;&#x8282;&#x6027;&#x6D41;&#x611F;&#x5B50;&#x5728;&#x4E2D;&#x56FD;&#x5E7F;&#x5DDE;&#x5E02;&#x3002;

&#x4E24;&#x5E74;&#x76D1;&#x6D4B;&#x7684; 2009&#x5E74;&#x5927;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x6027;&#x6D41;&#x611F; A (H1N1) &#x5E7F;&#x5DDE;&#x5E02;&#xFF1A; &#x4ECE;&#x4E0E;&#x5B63;&#x8282;&#x6027;&#x6D41;&#x611F;&#x5927;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x5417;&#xFF1F;

In this two-years surveillance of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) in Guangzhou, China, we reported here that the scale and duration of pH1N1 outbreaks, severe disease and fatality rates of pH1N1 patients were significantly lower or shorter in the second epidemic year (May 2010-April 2011) than those in the first epidemic year (May 2009-April 2010) (P<0.05), but similar to those of seasonal influenza (P>0.05). Similar to seasonal influenza, pre-existing chronic pulmonary diseases was a risk factor associated with fatal cases of pH1N1 influenza. Different from seasonal influenza, which occurred in spring/summer seasons annually, pH1N1 influenza mainly occurred in autumn/winter seasons in the first epidemic year, but prolonged to winter/spring season in the second epidemic year. The information suggests a tendency that the epidemics of pH1N1 influenza may probably further shift to spring/summer seasons and become a predominant subtype of seasonal influenza in coming years in Guangzhou, China.

A two-year surveillance of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Guangzhou, China: from pandemic to seasonal influenza?

Cette surveillance de deux ans de la grippe pand&eacute;mique A (H1N1) de 2009 (pH1N1) &agrave; Guangzhou, en Chine, nous avons signal&eacute; ici que l&#39;ampleur et la dur&eacute;e des flamb&eacute;es de grippe H1N1, une maladie grave, des taux de mortalit&eacute; des malades de la grippe H1N1 &eacute;taient significativement plus faible ou plus courts en l&#39;an deuxi&egrave;me &eacute;pid&eacute;mie (mai 2010-avril 2011) que celles de la premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e &eacute;pid&eacute;mique (mai 2009-avril 2010) (P &lt; 0,05), mais semblables &agrave; ceux de la grippe saisonni&egrave;re (P &gt; 0,05). Semblable &agrave; la grippe saisonni&egrave;re, pr&eacute;existantes bronchopneumopathie chronique est un facteur de risque associ&eacute; &agrave; des cas mortels de grippe pH1N1. Diff&eacute;rente de la grippe saisonni&egrave;re, qui s&#39;est produite dans les saisons printemps/&eacute;t&eacute; chaque ann&eacute;e, la grippe pH1N1 principalement dans saisons automne/hiver d&egrave;s la premi&egrave;re ann&eacute;e d&#39;&eacute;pid&eacute;mie, mais prolong&eacute;e jusqu&#39;&agrave; la saison hiver/printemps l&#39;ann&eacute;e deuxi&egrave;me &eacute;pid&eacute;mie. Les informations indiquent une tendance que les &eacute;pid&eacute;mies de grippe pH1N1 peuvent probablement Maj suppl&eacute;mentaire au printemps/&eacute;t&eacute;, saisons et devenir un sous-type pr&eacute;dominant de la grippe saisonni&egrave;re dans les ann&eacute;es &agrave; venir &agrave; Guangzhou, en Chine.

Une surveillance de deux ans de 2009 grippe pand&eacute;mique A (H1N1) &agrave; Guangzhou, en Chine : de la pand&eacute;mie de la grippe saisonni&egrave;re ?

In dieser zweij&auml;hrigen &Uuml;berwachung 2009 pandemische Influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) in Guangzhou, China, berichteten wir hier, dass das Ausma&szlig; und die Dauer des pH1N1 Ausbr&uuml;che, schwere Krankheit und Todesfall S&auml;tze der pH1N1 Patienten signifikant niedriger oder k&uuml;rzer im zweiten epidemische Jahr waren (Mai 2010 bis April 2011) als jene im ersten Epidemie (Mai 2009-April 2010) (P &lt; 0,05), aber &auml;hnlich denen der saisonalen grippe (P &gt; 0,05). &Auml;hnlich wie bei der saisonalen Grippe, bereits bestehende chronische Lungenerkrankungen war ein Risikofaktor, schwerwiegenden F&auml;llen pH1N1 Influenza zugeordnet. Anders als die saisonale Grippe, die im Fr&uuml;hjahr/Sommer Saison jedes Jahr aufgetreten ist, pH1N1 Grippe haupts&auml;chlich im Herbst/Winter-Saison im ersten Epidemie aufgetreten, aber Winter/Fr&uuml;hling Saison in die zweite Epidemie Jahr verl&auml;ngert. Die Informationen schl&auml;gt eine Tendenz, die wahrscheinlich die Epidemien pH1N1 Influenza k&ouml;nnen weitere Verlagerung zu Fr&uuml;hjahr/Sommer Saison und vorherrschende Subtyp der saisonalen Grippe in den kommenden Jahren in Guangzhou, China.

Eine zweij&auml;hrige &Uuml;berwachung von 2009 pandemische Influenza-A (H1N1) in Guangzhou, China: von saisonalen Influenza-Pandemie?

In questa sorveglianza due anni del 2009 l&#39;influenza pandemica A (H1N1) (pH1N1) a Guangzhou, in Cina, abbiamo riportato qui che la scala e la durata dei focolai pH1N1, malattia grave e tassi di fatalit&agrave; di pH1N1 pazienti erano significativamente pi&ugrave; bassa o pi&ugrave; brevi durante l&#39;anno seconda epidemia (maggio 2010-aprile 2011) rispetto a quelli del primo anno di epidemico (maggio 2009-aprile 2010) (P &lt; 0,05), ma simili a quelli dell&#39;influenza stagionale (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Simile all&#39;influenza stagionale, preesistenti malattie polmonari croniche era un fattore di rischio associato a casi mortali di influenza pH1N1. Diversa dall&#39;influenza stagionale, che si &egrave; verificato nelle stagioni primavera estate annualmente, pH1N1 influenza principalmente si &egrave; verificato nelle stagioni autunno/inverno, durante il primo anno di epidemico, ma prolungato a stagione inverno/primavera dell&#39;anno seconda epidemia. L&#39;informazione suggerisce una tendenza che le epidemie di influenza pH1N1 possono probabilmente ulteriore spostamento di stagioni primavera/estate e diventare un sottotipo predominante dell&#39;influenza stagionale nei prossimi anni a Guangzhou, in Cina.

Una sorveglianza Biennale del 2009 pandemia dell&#39;influenza A (H1N1) a Guangzhou, Cina: dalla pandemia di influenza stagionale?

&#x3053;&#x306E; 2 &#x5E74;&#x9593;&#x306E;&#x76E3;&#x8996; 2009&#x5E74;&#x30D1;&#x30F3;&#x30C7;&#x30DF;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6; A (H1N1) (pH1N1) &#x4E2D;&#x56FD;&#x306E;&#x5E83;&#x5DDE;&#x3067;&#x79C1;&#x305F;&#x3061;&#x3053;&#x3053;&#x3067;&#x3001;&#x898F;&#x6A21;&#x3068;&#x671F;&#x9593; pH1N1 &#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x3001;&#x91CD;&#x5EA6;&#x306E;&#x75BE;&#x60A3;&#x3068; pH1N1 &#x60A3;&#x8005;&#x306E;&#x6B7B;&#x4EA1;&#x7387;&#x306E;&#x5927;&#x5E45;&#x306B;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x5E74;&#x306B;&#x4F4E;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x305F;&#x306F;&#x77ED;&#x3044;&#x3068;&#x5831;&#x3058;&#x305F; (5 &#x6708; 2010 &#x5E74; 4 &#x6708; 2011&#x5E74;) &#x3088;&#x308A;&#x3082;&#x6700;&#x521D;&#x306E;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x5E74; &#xFF08;5 &#x6708; 2009 &#x5E74; 4 &#x6708; 2010&#x5E74;) (P &lt; 0.05)&#x3001;&#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x6027;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6;&#x306E;&#x305D;&#x308C;&#x3089;&#x306B;&#x985E;&#x4F3C;&#x3057;&#x305F; &#xFF08;P &#x76EE; 0.05)&#x3002;&#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x6027;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6;&#x3068;&#x540C;&#x69D8;&#x3001;&#x65E2;&#x5B58;&#x306E;&#x6162;&#x6027;&#x80BA;&#x75BE;&#x60A3; pH1N1 &#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6;&#x306E;&#x81F4;&#x547D;&#x7684;&#x306A;&#x30B1;&#x30FC;&#x30B9;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x9023;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x30EA;&#x30B9;&#x30AF;&#x8981;&#x56E0;&#x3068;&#x306A;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x6625;/&#x590F;&#x306E;&#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x306B;&#x6BCE;&#x5E74;&#x767A;&#x751F;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3001;&#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x6027;&#x306E;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6;&#x3068;&#x306F;&#x7570;&#x306A;&#x308B; pH1N1 &#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6;&#x306F;&#x4E3B;&#x306B;&#x79CB;/&#x51AC;&#x306E;&#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x306B;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x306E;&#x6700;&#x521D;&#x306E;&#x5E74;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x767A;&#x751F;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x304C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x5E74;&#x51AC;/&#x6625;&#x30B7;&#x30FC;&#x30BA;&#x30F3;&#x3092;&#x5EF6;&#x9577;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;PH1N1 &#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6;&#x306E;&#x6D41;&#x884C;&#x306F;&#x304A;&#x305D;&#x3089;&#x304F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x50BE;&#x5411;&#x60C5;&#x5831;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x5506;&#x6625;&#x590F;&#x306E;&#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x3001;&#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x6027;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6;&#x306E;&#x512A;&#x52E2;&#x306A;&#x30B5;&#x30D6;&#x30BF;&#x30A4;&#x30D7;&#x3067;&#x4ECA;&#x5F8C;&#x6570;&#x5E74;&#x9593;&#x306B;&#x306A;&#x308B;&#x3053;&#x3068;&#x3001;&#x3055;&#x3089;&#x306B;&#x30B7;&#x30D5;&#x30C8;&#x5E83;&#x5DDE;&#x3001;&#x4E2D;&#x56FD;&#x3002;

2 &#x5E74;&#x9593;&#x306E;&#x76E3;&#x8996; 2009&#x5E74;&#x30D1;&#x30F3;&#x30C7;&#x30DF;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6; A (H1N1) &#x4E2D;&#x56FD;&#x5E83;&#x5DDE;&#xFF1A; &#x5B63;&#x7BC0;&#x6027;&#x30A4;&#x30F3;&#x30D5;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#x30B6; &#x30D1;&#x30F3;&#x30C7;&#x30DF;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#xFF1F;

&#xC774; 2 &#xB144;&#xAC04; &#xAC10;&#xC2DC; 2009 &#xC720;&#xD589; &#xC131; &#xB3C5;&#xAC10; (H1N1)&#xC758; (pH1N1)&#xC5D0; &#xC911;&#xAD6D; &#xAD11;&#xC800;&#xC6B0;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xAC00; &#xC5EC;&#xAE30; &#xC788;&#xB2E4;&#xACE0; &#xBCF4;&#xACE0; &#xADDC;&#xBAA8; &#xBC0F; pH1N1 &#xAC10;&#xC5FC;, &#xC2EC;&#xD55C; &#xC9C8;&#xBCD1; &#xBC0F; pH1N1 &#xD658;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xC0AC;&#xB9DD;&#xC790; &#xBE44;&#xC728;&#xC758; &#xAE30;&#xAC04; &#xD06C;&#xAC8C; &#xB0AE;&#xCD94;&#xAC70;&#xB098; &#xB354; &#xC9E7;&#xC740; &#xB450; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xC804;&#xC5FC;&#xBCD1; &#xB144;&#xC5D0; (5 &#xC6D4; 2010 4 &#xC6D4; 2011) &#xCCAB; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xC804;&#xC5FC;&#xBCD1; &#xB144;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xC758; &#xAC83; &#xBCF4;&#xB2E4; (5 &#xC6D4; 2009 &#xB144; 4 &#xC6D4; 2010) (P &lt; 0.05), &#xD558;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; &#xADF8; &#xACC4;&#xC808; &#xC778;&#xD50C;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;&#xC790;&#xC640; &#xBE44;&#xC2B7;&#xD55C; (P &amp;gt; 0.05). &#xACC4;&#xC808; &#xB3C5;&#xAC10;&#xACFC; &#xB9C8;&#xCC2C;&#xAC00;&#xC9C0;&#xB85C;, pH1N1 &#xB3C5;&#xAC10;&#xC758; &#xCE58;&#xBA85;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC0AC;&#xB840;&#xC640; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xB41C; &#xC704;&#xD5D8; &#xC694;&#xC18C;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xC874; &#xB9CC;&#xC131; &#xD3D0; &#xC9C8;&#xD658;. &#xBD04;/&#xC5EC;&#xB984; &#xC2DC;&#xC98C; &#xB9E4;&#xB144; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xACC4;&#xC808; &#xC778;&#xD50C;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;&#xC790;&#xC640;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; pH1N1 &#xC778;&#xD50C;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;&#xC790; &#xC8FC;&#xB85C; &#xCCAB; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xC804;&#xC5FC;&#xBCD1; &#xB144;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xAC00; / &#xACA8;&#xC6B8; &#xC2DC;&#xC98C;&#xC5D0; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD; &#xD558;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; &#xB450; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xC804;&#xC5FC;&#xBCD1; &#xB144;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xACA8;&#xC6B8;/&#xBD04; &#xC2DC;&#xC98C;&#xC744; &#xC5F0;&#xC7A5;. &#xC815;&#xBCF4; &#xC81C;&#xC548; pH1N1 &#xC778;&#xD50C;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;&#xC790; &#xC804;&#xC5FC;&#xBCD1; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; &#xC544;&#xB9C8; &#xACBD;&#xD5A5; &#xBD04;/&#xC5EC;&#xB984; &#xC2DC;&#xC98C;&#xC744; &#xD5A5;&#xD6C4; &#xC218; &#xB144;&#xC5D0; &#xACC4;&#xC808; &#xC778;&#xD50C;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;&#xC790;&#xC758; &#xC8FC;&#xB41C; &#xD558;&#xC704; &#xB420; &#xB354; shift &#xAD11;&#xC800;&#xC6B0;, &#xC911;&#xAD6D;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;.

&#xD55C; 2 &#xB144;&#xC758; &#xAC10;&#xC2DC; 2009 &#xC720;&#xD589; &#xC131; &#xC778;&#xD50C;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;&#xC790; A (H1N1) &#xAD11;&#xC800;&#xC6B0;, &#xC911;&#xAD6D;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;: &#xACC4;&#xC808; &#xC778;&#xD50C;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;&#xC790; &#xC720;&#xD589;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;?

Esta vigilancia de dos a&ntilde;os de gripe pand&eacute;mica A (H1N1) de 2009 (pH1N1) en Guangzhou, China, inform&oacute; aqu&iacute; que la escala y la duraci&oacute;n de los brotes de pH1N1, una enfermedad grave y tasas de mortalidad de los pacientes de pH1N1 fueron significativamente m&aacute;s baja o m&aacute;s corto en el a&ntilde;o segundo epid&eacute;mico (mayo 2010-abril 2011) que en el primer a&ntilde;o de la epidemia (mayo 2009-Abril 2010) (P &lt; 0.05), pero similares a los de la gripe estacional (P &gt; 0.05). Similar a la gripe estacional, enfermedades pulmonares cr&oacute;nicas que exist&iacute;an anteriormente fue un factor de riesgo asociado con casos mortales de gripe pH1N1. Diferente de gripe estacional, que se produjo en temporadas de primavera/verano anualmente, pH1N1 gripe principalmente ocurri&oacute; en temporadas de oto&ntilde;o/invierno en el primer a&ntilde;o de la epidemia, pero prolongada Temporada invierno/primavera en el a&ntilde;o segundo de epidemia. La informaci&oacute;n sugiere una tendencia que probablemente las epidemias de gripe pH1N1 cambio m&aacute;s temporadas de primavera/verano y convertirse en un subtipo predominante de gripe estacional en los pr&oacute;ximos a&ntilde;os en Guangzhou, China.

&iquest;Una vigilancia de dos a&ntilde;os de 2009 pandemia influenza A (H1N1) en Guangzhou, China: de la pandemia de la gripe estacional?

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus associated with respiratory tract diseases and gastrointestinal illness in adult and pediatric patients throughout the world. To investigate the epidemiological and genetic variation of HBoV in Guangzhou, South China, we screened 3460 throat swab samples from 1686 children and 1774 adults with acute respiratory infection symptoms for HBoV between March 2010 and February 2011, and analyzed the complete genome sequence of 2 HBoV strains. Specimens were screened for HBoV by real-time PCR and other 6 common respiratory viruses by RT-PCR or PCR. HBoV was detected in 58 (1.68%) out of 3460 samples, mostly from pediatric patients (52/58) and inpatient children (47/58). Six adult patients were detected as HBoV positive and 5 were emergency cases. Of these HBoV positive cases, 19 (32.76%) had co-pathogens including influenza virus (n = 5), RSV (n = 5), parainfluenza (n = 4), adenovirus (n = 1), coronavirus (n = 7). The complete genome sequences of 2 HBoVs strains (Genbank no. JN794565 and JN794566) were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 2 HBoV strains were HBoV1, and were most genetically close to ST2 (GenBank accession number DQ0000496). Recombination analysis confirmed that HBoV strain GZ9081 was an intra-genotype recombinant strain among HBoV1 variants.

Surveillance and genome analysis of human bocavirus in patients with respiratory infection in Guangzhou, China.

To explore the potential value of up-regulator of cell proliferation (URGCP) as a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

[Up-regulator of cell proliferation predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma].

Previous studies about the orthographic neighborhood size (NS) in Chinese have overlooked the morphological processing, and the co-variation between the character frequency and the the NS. The present study manipulated the word frequency and the NS simultaneously, with the leading character frequency controlled, to explore their influences on word lexical decision (Experiment 1) and naming (Experiment 2). The results showed a robust effect that words with a larger NS produced shorter reaction time than those with a smaller NS, irrespective of the word frequency and the tasks. This facilitative effect may occur due to a semantic network formed by neighbor words, resulting in the semantic activation to accelerate the word recognition. Moreover, the comparison of the effect sizes of word frequency between the two tasks showed that lexical decision responses demonstrated a larger word frequency effect, indicating that the sub-word processing was involved in the multi-character word recognition.

Meng-Feng Li

Department of Psychology

National Taiwan University

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese