Chapter 25
Reproduction and Development
تكوّن الحيوانات المنوية
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of ...
تكوّن البويضات
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from ...
التخصيب
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ...
الانقسام والتأريم
After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage ...
تكوّن المُعَيدة
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of ...
تكوّن الأنبوب العصبي
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three ...
هجرة الخلايا
Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms ...
التحديد
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. ...
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