Chapter 1
Scientific Inquiry
خصائص الحياة
Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, ...
مستويات التنظيم
Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. ...
الطريقة العلمية
The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...
الاستدلال الاستقرائي
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...
المنطق الاستنتاجي
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...
الارتباطية والسببية
Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of ...
علم التصنيف
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. It uses a hierarchy of increasingly ...
علم تطور السلالات
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon ...
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