فإن الكتاب أود أن أشكر آن المنوم ، Nishihara كيث ، وبريان Wilfley من تقنيات الطوق الثلاثي لمساهمتهم في هذا المشروع. ويتم تمويل هذا العمل من قبل المعاهد الوطنية للصحة تحدي المنح 5RC1HL100436 - 0.

<ol>
	<li>Martinez, L. C., Vano, E., Gutierrez, F., Rodriguez, C., Gilarranz, R., Manzanas, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient+doses+from+fluoroscopically+guided+cardiac+procedures+in+pediatrics.">Patient doses from fluoroscopically guided cardiac procedures in pediatrics.</a> Phys Med Biol. 52, 4749-4759 (2007).</li><li>Strauss, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+interventional+radiography+equipment:+safety+considerations.">Pediatric interventional radiography equipment: safety considerations.</a> Pediatr Radiol. 36, 126-135 (2006).</li><li>Preston, D. L., Cullings, H., Suyama, A., Funamoto, S., Nishi, N., Soda, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solid+cancer+incidence+in+atomic+bomb+survivors+exposed+in+utero+or+as+young+children.">Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero or as young children.</a> J Natl Cancer Inst. 100, 428-436 (2008).</li><li>Wolff, M., Keevil, J., Speidel, M., Wilfey, M., Wilfley, B., Star-Lack, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pilot+study+with+a+scanning-beam+digital+x-ray+system.">Pilot study with a scanning-beam digital x-ray system.</a> Am J Cardiol. 94, (2004).</li><li>Speidel, M. A., Wilfley, B. P., Star-Lack, J. M., Heanue, J. A., Betts, T. D., VanLysel, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+entrance+exposure+and+signal-to-noise+ratio+between+an+SBDX+prototype+and+a+wide-beam+cardiac+angiographic+system.">Comparison of entrance exposure and signal-to-noise ratio between an SBDX prototype and a wide-beam cardiac angiographic system.</a> Med Phys. 33, 2728-2743 (2006).</li><li>Speidel, M. A., Wilfley, B. P., Star-Lack, J. M., Heanue, J. A., VanLysel, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scanning-beam+digital+x-ray+(SBDX)+technology+for+interventional+and+diagnostic+cardiac+angiography.">Scanning-beam digital x-ray (SBDX) technology for interventional and diagnostic cardiac angiography.</a> Med Phys. 33, 2714-2727 (2006).</li><li>Funk, T., Burion, S., Bechtel, K. L., Solomon, E. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> X-ray dose reduction by adaptive source equalization and electronic region-of-interest control. , (2011).</li><li>Burion, S., Bechtel, K. L., Lowell, A. P., Heanue, J. A., Solomon, E. G., Funk, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+equalization+filtration:+dose+savings+with+region-based+exposure+control+using+a+scanning-beam+X-ray+source.">Real-time equalization filtration: dose savings with region-based exposure control using a scanning-beam X-ray source.</a> , (2010).</li><li>Boone, J. M., Duryea, J., Moore, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Filter+wheel+equalization+in+chest+radiography:+demonstration+with+a+prototype+system.">Filter wheel equalization in chest radiography: demonstration with a prototype system.</a> Radiology. 196, 845-850 (1995).</li><li>Vlasbloem, H., Kool, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AMBER:+a+scanning+multiple-beam+equalization+system+for+chest+radiography.">AMBER: a scanning multiple-beam equalization system for chest radiography.</a> Radiology. 169, 29-34 (1988).</li></ol>

الكتاب والعاملين في تكنولوجيا الطوق الثلاثي الذين ينتجون الأداة المستخدمة في هذه المقالة.

علينا أن نظهر أن الوفورات جرعة ممكنة تستخدم تقنية تكافؤ. في هذه الورقة نعرض فقط كيفية تطبيق أسلوبنا ، ودون مناقشة الآثار المترتبة على جودة الصورة. ومع ذلك ، فمن المهم أن نلاحظ أن هدفنا هو الحفاظ على الهدف إشارة إلى نسبة الضوضاء في الصور التعادل. الافتراض الأساسي هو أنه في الصور غير وتعادل ، في إشارة إلى نسبة الضوضاء إلى حد كبير من المنظمات غير موحدة. على وجه الخصوص ، مجالات مثل مجال مشرق الرئة يحمل أعلى نسبة إشارة إلى الضوضاء مما هو ضروري لتنفيذ المهمة التشخيص. معادلة تسمح لنا أدنى إشارة إلى نسبة الضوضاء في هذه المجالات والحفاظ على إشارة إلى نسب الضوضاء في المناطق الداكنة من الصورة. ونحن حاليا دراسات لقياس أداء الضوضاء للتحقق من صحة نهجنا. النتائج الاولية تظهر ان جرعة وفورات في حدود 30 ٪ قابلة للتحقيق في إشارة إلى ما يعادل نسبة الضوضاء في المناطق المظلمة من الصورة 7 ، 8. وقد تم التعرف على إمكانات الترشيح تكافؤ في الأدبيات العلمية لسنوات عديدة. تشارك تطبيقات ومع ذلك ، حتى الآن عن نشر مصاريع ميكانيكية أو المرشحات ، وتعوق بشكل كبير في جدوى هذا النهج 9،10. هنا نظهر يمكن أن تستند على نهج تكافؤ إلكترونية بالكامل ، والتغلب على المشاكل مع تطبيقات الميكانيكية. في النظام SBDX السريرية ، سيتم تنفيذ معظم الخطوات المقدمة هنا في الأجهزة وسوف يتم تنفيذها في الوقت الحقيقي خلال الحصول على البيانات. سوف الخوارزمية تكافؤ تشغيل في الوقت الحقيقي ، وسيتم التعادل الصورة المعروضة افتراضيا. سوف الخوارزمية التكيف حيوي المعلمات وفقا لهذا الموضوع يجري تصويره ، على اقتراح من هذا الموضوع ، والموقف العملاقة المتغيرة. علينا الاستمرار في تحسين أنظمتنا ، ومواصلة تطوير اسلوبنا سيكون ضروريا من أجل تسهيل تنفيذ في الوقت الحقيقي.

x-ray dose reduction through adaptive exposure in fluoroscopic imaging

وتستخدم الأشعة السينية على نطاق واسع لتوجيه فلووروسكبي الصورة أثناء تدخل القلب. ومع ذلك ، يمكن جرعة الاشعاع في هذه الإجراءات أن تكون عالية ، وهذا هو مصدر قلق كبير ، لا سيما في التطبيقات الخاصة بالأطفال. إجراءات طب الأطفال في العام أكثر تعقيدا بكثير من تلك التي أجريت على البالغين ، وبالتالي هي في المتوسط ​​4-8 مرات أطول 1. وعلاوة على ذلك ، يمكن للأطفال الخضوع تصل إلى 10 إجراءات جهاز أشعة في سن 10 ، وثبت لديهم خطر أعلى ثلاثة أضعاف الإصابة بسرطان قاتل طوال حياتهم من عامة السكان 2،3. لقد أظهرنا أنه يمكن تخفيض جرعة الاشعاع بشكل ملحوظ في عمليات القلب الكبار باستخدام شعاع لدينا المسح بالأشعة السينية الرقمية (SBDX) نظام 4 -- نظام التصوير جهاز أشعة أن توظف الهندسة العكسية التصوير 5،6 (الشكل 1 ، وفيلم 1 الشكل 2). بدلا من بقعة واحدة وتنسيق موسعة للكشف عن استخدامها كما هو الحال في النظم التقليدية ، ونهجنا تستخدم موسع للأشعة السينية مصدر التنسيق مع بقع متعددة تركز على كشف الصغيرة. لدينا مصدر للأشعة السينية وتتألف من شعاع الالكترون المسح نورانية بالتسلسل حتى 9000 نقطة بؤرية المواقف. كل بقعة تنسيق المشاريع على جزء صغير من حجم التصوير على كاشف. على النقيض من النظام التقليدي حيث يتوقع مباشرة على الصورة النهائية للكشف عن وSBDX يستخدم خوارزمية مخصصة لإعادة بناء الصورة النهائية من الصور للكشف عن 9000. لتطبيقات للأطفال ، ومن المتوقع تحقيق وفورات الجرعة مع نظام SBDX أن يكون أصغر مما كان عليه في إجراءات الكبار. ومع ذلك ، فإن النظام يسمح لتحقيق وفورات SBDX جرعة إضافية من خلال تنفيذ الكتروني تقنية التعرض التكيفية. المفتاح إلى هذا الأسلوب هو الأسلوب شعاع المسح المتعدد للنظام SBDX : بدلا من تعريض كل جزء من الصورة مع جرعة الاشعاع نفسه ، فإننا يمكن أن تختلف بشكل حيوي التعرض اعتمادا على غموض هذه المنطقة عرضة للخطر. ولذلك ، فإننا يمكن أن تقلل بشكل كبير من التعرض في المناطق شعاعيا والحفاظ على التعرض في مناطق أكثر غموضا. في تنفيذنا الحالي ، تعرض على التكيف يتطلب تفاعل المستخدم (الشكل 3). ومع ذلك ، في المستقبل ، وسوف تعرض على التكيف يكون الوقت الحقيقي ، وأوتوماتيكية بالكامل. لقد أجرينا التجارب الوهمية مع مجسم وبالمقارنة مع قياس الجرعات الإشعاعية ، ودون التعرض للتكيف لاستعمال منتوج منطقة الجرعة (DAP) متر. في التجربة المعروضة هنا ، نجد تخفيض جرعة من 30 ٪.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging at JoVE.com

X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

نحن نعمل على تطوير تقنية ديناميكية التكيف التعرض لدينا المسح باستخدام أشعة السينية الرقمية النظام. بدلا من تعريض كائن موحد ، هو تكييف التعرض اعتمادا على غموض الكائن. هنا نعرض تجربة على مجسم الوهمية التي أسفرت عن إنقاذ 30 ٪ من الجرعة.

الأشعة السينية من خلال خفض الجرعة التعرض التكيفية في التصوير جهاز أشعة

X-ray fluoroscopy is widely used for image guidance during cardiac intervention. However, radiation dose in these procedures can be high, and this is a ...

x-ray-dose-reduction-through-adaptive-exposure-in-fluoroscopic-imaging

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.3K Views.  Triple Ring Technologies. نحن نعمل على تطوير تقنية ديناميكية التكيف التعرض لدينا المسح باستخدام أشعة السينية الرقمية النظام. بدلا من تعريض كائن موحد ، هو تكييف التعرض اعتمادا على غموض الكائن. هنا نعرض تجربة على مجسم الوهمية التي أسفرت عن إنقاذ 30 ٪ من الجرعة.

Video: X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced metrics in quality of life.1 Both environmental and genetic factors are associated with obesity, though the precise underlying mechanisms that contribute to the disease are currently being delineated.2,3 Several small animal models of obesity have been developed and are employed in a variety of studies.4 A critical component to these experiments involves the collection of regional and/or total animal fat content data under varied conditions.
Traditional experimental methods available for measuring fat content in small animal models of obesity include invasive (e.g. ex vivo measurement of fat deposits) and non-invasive (e.g. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), or Magnetic Resonance (MR)) protocols, each of which presents relative trade-offs. Current invasive methods for measuring fat content may provide details for organ and region specific fat distribution, but sacrificing the subjects will preclude longitudinal assessments. Conversely, current non-invasive strategies provide limited details for organ and region specific fat distribution, but enable valuable longitudinal assessment. With the advent of dedicated small animal X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems and customized analytical procedures, both organ and region specific analysis of fat distribution and longitudinal profiling may be possible. Recent reports have validated the use of CT for in vivo longitudinal imaging of adiposity in living mice.5,6 Here we provide a modified method that allows for fat/total volume measurement, analysis and visualization utilizing the Carestream Molecular Imaging Albira CT system in conjunction with PMOD and Volview software packages.

Fat content analysis is routinely conducted in studies utilizing murine obesity models. Emerging methods in small animal CT imaging and analysis are providing for longitudinal detail rich fat content analysis. Here we detail step by step procedures for performing small animal CT imaging, analysis, and visualization.

تجزئة والقياس من وحدات تخزين الدهون في الفئران نماذج السمنة عن طريق الأشعة السينية التصوير المقطعي

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced metrics in quality of life.1 Both environmental and genetic factors are ...

Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, including mental retardation due to disordered and damaged brain development. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a term used to cover a continuum of birth defects that occur due to maternal alcohol consumption, and occurs in approximately 4% of children born in the United States. With 50% of child-bearing age women reporting consumption of alcohol, and half of all pregnancies being unplanned, unintentional exposure is a continuing issue2. In order to best understand the damage produced by ethanol, plus produce a model with which to test potential interventions, we developed a model of developmental ethanol exposure using the zebrafish embryo. Zebrafish are ideal for this kind of teratogen study3-8. Each pair lays hundreds of eggs, which can then be collected without harming the adult fish. The zebrafish embryo is transparent and can be readily imaged with any number of stains. Analysis of these embryos after exposure to ethanol at different doses and times of duration and application shows that the gross developmental defects produced by ethanol are consistent with the human birth defect. Described here are the basic techniques used to study and manipulate the zebrafish FAS model.

In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the ethanol-induced developmental damage, we have developed a zebrafish model of ethanol exposure and are exploring the physical, cellular, and genetic alterations that occur after ethanol exposure1. We then seek to find potential interventions and rapidly test them in this animal model.

تقييم التغييرات المشوهة في نموذج الزرد من التعرض الكحول الجنينية

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, ...

Imaging Glioma Initiation In Vivo Through a Polished and Reinforced Thin-skull Cranial Window

Glioma is the one of the most lethal forms of human cancer. The most effective glioma therapy to date-surgery followed by radiation treatment-offers patients only modest benefits, as most patients do not survive more than five years following diagnosis due to glioma relapse 1,2. The discovery of cancer stem cells in human brain tumors holds promise for having an enormous impact on the development of novel therapeutic strategies for glioma 3. Cancer stem cells are defined by their ability both to self-renew and to differentiate, and are thought to be the only cells in a tumor that have the capacity to initiate new tumors 4. Glioma relapse following radiation therapy is thought to arise from resistance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) to therapy 5-10. In vivo, GSCs are shown to reside in a perivascular niche that is important for maintaining their stem cell-like characteristics 11-14. Central to the organization of the GSC niche are vascular endothelial cells 12. Existing evidence suggests that GSCs and their interaction with the vascular endothelial cells are important for tumor development, and identify GSCs and their interaction with endothelial cells as important therapeutic targets for glioma. The presence of GSCs is determined experimentally by their capability to initiate new tumors upon orthotopic transplantation 15. This is typically achieved by injecting a specific number of GBM cells isolated from human tumors into the brains of severely immuno-deficient mice, or of mouse GBM cells into the brains of congenic host mice. Assays for tumor growth are then performed following sufficient time to allow GSCs among the injected GBM cells to give rise to new tumors-typically several weeks or months. Hence, existing assays do not allow examination of the important pathological process of tumor initiation from single GSCs in vivo. Consequently, essential insights into the specific roles of GSCs and their interaction with the vascular endothelial cells in the early stages of tumor initiation are lacking. Such insights are critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies for glioma, and will have great implications for preventing glioma relapse in patients. Here we have adapted the PoRTS cranial window procedure 16and in vivo two-photon microscopy to allow visualization of tumor initiation from injected GBM cells in the brain of a live mouse. Our technique will pave the way for future efforts to elucidate the key signaling mechanisms between GSCs and vascular endothelial cells during glioma initiation.

Imaging Glioma Initiation In Vivo Through a Polished and Reinforced Thin-skull Cranial Window

By combining a polished and reinforced thin-skull (PoRTS) cranial window and glioblastoma (GBM) cell injection, we can observe glioma initiation and growth from injected GBM cells in the brain of a live mouse longitudinally.

بدء تصوير دبقي<em&gt; في الجسم الحي</em&gt; من خلال نافذة رقيقة الجمجمة ملمع وعززت القحف

Glioma is the one of the most lethal forms of human cancer. The most effective glioma therapy to date-surgery followed by radiation treatment-offers ...

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The dosage of UV light is prescribed according to an individual's skin sensitivity. Thus, to establish the proper dosage of UV light to administer to a patient, the patient is sometimes screened to determine a minimal erythema dose (MED), which is the amount of UV radiation that will produce minimal erythema (sunburn or redness caused by engorgement of capillaries) of an individual's skin within a few hours following exposure. This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing. There is currently no easy way to determine an appropriate UV dose for clinical or research purposes without conducting formal MED testing, requiring observation hours after testing, or informal trial and error testing with the risks of under- or over-dosing. However, some alternative methods are discussed.

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing in order to determine the lowest dose of ultraviolet radiation that will cause erythema (burning) when administered to an individual.

الجرعة الحمامي الحد الأدنى (MED) اختبار

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is  sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including  psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The ...

Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 dimensional&#160;(3D) diagnostic imaging in the interventional suite and can enhance minimally-invasive therapy beyond the limitations of 2D angiography alone. The role of CBCT has been recognized in transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The recent introduction of a CBCT technique: dual-phase CBCT (DP-CBCT) improves intra-arterial HCC treatment with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE). DP-CBCT can be used to localize liver tumors with the diagnostic accuracy of multi-phasic multidetector computed tomography (M-MDCT) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) (See the tumor), to guide intra-arterially guidewire and microcatheter to the desired location for selective therapy (Reach the tumor), and to evaluate treatment success during the procedure (Treat the tumor). The purpose of this manuscript is to illustrate how DP-CBCT is used in DEB-TACE to see, reach, and treat HCC.

Dual-phase cone-beam computed tomography (DP-CBCT) is a useful intraprocedural imaging technique for transarterial chemo-embolization treatment with drug-eluting beads of hepatocellular carcinoma. DP-CBCT has been used to perform three major steps in oncologic interventional radiology: tumor localization (see), navigation and intraprocedural catheter guidance (reach), and intraprocedural evaluation of treatment success (treat).

The advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the angiography suite has been revolutionary in interventional radiology. CBCT offers 3 ...

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Breath-holding techniques reduce the amount of radiation received by cardiac structures during tangential-field left breast radiotherapy. With these techniques, patients hold their breath while radiotherapy is delivered, pushing the heart down and away from the radiotherapy field. Despite clear dosimetric benefits, these techniques are not yet in widespread use. One reason for this is that commercially available solutions require specialist equipment, necessitating not only significant capital investment, but often also incurring ongoing costs such as a need for daily disposable mouthpieces. The voluntary breath-hold technique described here does not require any additional specialist equipment. All breath-holding techniques require a surrogate to monitor breath-hold consistency and whether breath-hold is maintained. Voluntary breath-hold uses the distance moved by the anterior and lateral reference marks (tattoos) away from the treatment room lasers in breath-hold to monitor consistency at CT-planning and treatment setup. Light fields are then used to monitor breath-hold consistency prior to and during radiotherapy delivery.

The current priority in breast cancer radiotherapy is to reduce cardiac doses without compromising target tissue coverage. The voluntary breath-hold technique described here is a simple, inexpensive solution to this problem and capable of being instituted widely without the need for specialized equipment.

الطوعية التنفس الانتظار وتقنيات للحد من القلب جرعة العلاج الإشعاعي في اليسار الثدي

Breath-holding techniques reduce the amount of radiation received by cardiac structures during tangential-field left breast radiotherapy. With these ...

Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology

A technological platform (MediGuide) has been recently introduced for non-fluoroscopic catheter tracking. In several studies, we have demonstrated that the application of this non-fluoroscopic catheter visualization system (NFCV) reduces fluoroscopy time and dose by 90-95% in a variety of electrophysiology (EP) procedures. This can be of relevance not only to the patients, but also to the nurses and physicians working in the EP lab. Furthermore, in a subset of indications such as supraventricular tachycardias, NFCV enables a fully non-fluoroscopic procedure and allows the lab staff to work without wearing lead aprons. With this protocol, we demonstrate that even complex procedures such as ablations of atrial fibrillation, that are typically associated with fluoroscopy times of &#62;30 min in conventional settings, can safely be performed with a reduction of &#62;90% in fluoroscopy exposure by the additional use of NFCV.

Radiation exposure is an underestimated risk in complex ablation procedures. Here, we describe a protocol to significantly decrease fluoroscopy time and dosage for both the patient and the lab staff by using a novel non-fluoroscopic catheter visualization system.

غير فلووروسكبيك تتبع قسطرة للحد من التنظير في الكهربية التدخلية

A technological platform (MediGuide) has been recently introduced for non-fluoroscopic catheter tracking. In several studies, we have demonstrated that ...

Real-time X-ray Imaging of Lung Fluid Volumes in Neonatal Mouse Lung

At birth, the lung undergoes a profound phenotypic switch from secretion to absorption, which allows for adaptation to breathing independently. Promoting and sustaining this phenotype is critically important in normal alveolar growth and gas exchange throughout life. Several in vitro studies have characterized the role of key regulatory proteins, signaling molecules, and steroid hormones that can influence the rate of lung fluid clearance. However, in vivo examinations must be performed to evaluate whether these regulatory factors play important physiological roles in regulating perinatal lung liquid absorption. As such, the utilization of real time X-ray imaging to determine perinatal lung fluid clearance, or pulmonary edema, represents a technological advancement in the field. Herein, we explain and illustrate an approach to assess the rate of alveolar lung fluid clearance and alveolar flooding in C57BL/6 mice at post natal day 10 using X-ray imaging and analysis. Successful implementation of this protocol requires prior approval from institutional animal care and use committees (IACUC), an in vivo small animal X-ray imaging system, and compatible molecular imaging software.

We present a protocol to assess the rate of alveolar fluid clearance or pulmonary edema in neonatal mouse lung using X-ray imaging technology.

في الوقت الحقيقي الأشعة السينية التصوير من الرئة أحجام السوائل في الأطفال حديثي الولادة الرئة ماوس

At birth, the lung undergoes a profound phenotypic switch from secretion to absorption, which allows for adaptation to breathing independently. Promoting ...

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound

Angiography is an essential tool for the study of vascular structures in various research fields. The aim of this study is to introduce a simple angiographic method for examining the fine vascular structure of unfixed, fresh tissue using a silicone rubber injection compound and soft tissue X-ray system. This study is especially focused on flap territories used in reconstructive surgery. This study employs angiography with a silicone rubber injection compound in various experimental conditions using Sprague-Dawley rats. First, 15 mL of MV compound and 15 mL of diluent is mixed. Then, 1.5 mL of the curing agent is prepared, and a 24G catheter is cannulated in the common carotid artery of the rat. A three-way stopcock is then connected to a catheter, and the radiopaque agent, after being mixed with the prepared curing agent, is injected immediately without spillage. Finally, as the agent solidifies, the specimen is harvested, and an angiographic image is obtained using a soft tissue X-ray system. This method indicates that high-quality angiography showing fine vascular structures can be easily and simply obtained within in a short period of time.

This study presents a simple two-dimensional angiographic method to examine fine vascular structures using a silicone rubber injection compound and soft tissue X-ray system.

الأوعية ثنائي الأبعاد بالأشعة السينية لدراسة هيكل الأوعية الدموية الدقيقة باستخدام مركب حقن مطاط سيليكون

Angiography is an essential tool for the study of vascular structures in various research fields. The aim of this study is to introduce a simple ...

Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

The fusion of 3D anatomical models derived from high-fidelity pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA), and x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy to facilitate anatomical guidance is of huge interest for complex cardiac interventions like TAVI procedures with cerebral protection. Co-registration of CTA and XR has been introduced either based on additional intraoperative non-/contrast-enhanced cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or two separate aortograms. With the related increase of radiation exposure and/or contrast agent (CA) dose, a potential additional risk for the patient is introduced. Here, we propose a modified co-registration approach making use of arteriograms of the iliofemoral arteries, routinely performed during the femoral puncture and sheath introduction. On-the-fly refinement of the co-registration during the on-going procedure enables accurate co-registration without any additional angiograms, thus reducing CA, XR dose and procedure time, while simultaneously improving operator confidence and procedure safety.

The aim of this study was to improve the co-registration for image fusion (IF) of pre-interventional CT data with real-time x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

تحسين تسجيل 3D CT تصوير الأوعية بالأشعة السينية التنظير للانصهار الصورة أثناء زرع الصمام الابهري ترانسكاثيتير

The fusion of 3D anatomical models derived from high-fidelity pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA), and x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy to ...