<ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يتم غسلها وصحية ، والثقافة ، بشكل كبير ، مع التوسع في برنامج تلفزيوني لإزالة بقايا وسائل الاعلام التي يمكن أن يشفي إلا رد فعل التربسين. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ثم يتم إضافة تحسنت 0.05 ٪ التربسين - EDTA لتغطية الخلايا ، وسمح لوحة لاحتضان لمدة تصل إلى 5 دقائق في درجة حرارة الغرفة. ويمكن خلال هذا الوقت لوحظ أن الخلايا التقريب ، ومستعمرات رفع قبالة سطح اللوحة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وسوف تتكرر لطيف pipetting إزالة الخلايا والمستعمرات من سطح اللوحة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وتوضع الخلايا في Trypsinized أنبوب مخروطي القياسية التي تتضمن وسائل الاعلام قبل تحسنت الخلية HES لإرواء التربسين المتبقية ، ونسج ذلك الحين. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> معلق الخلايا هي وسائط النمو في تركيز حوالي مليون الخلايا في واحد مل من وسائل الإعلام. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد بشكل كاف معلق الخلايا ، يتم إضافة وسائل الإعلام تجمد الجليد الباردة في حجم متساوية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تختلط الايقاف الخلية بدقة ، aliquoted الى تجميد قارورة ، وسمح لتجميد ببطء إلى 80C على مدى 24 ساعة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يمكن تجميد الخلايا ثم انتقلت إلى مرحلة بخار النيتروجين السائل للتخزين على المدى الطويل ، أو البقاء في -80 لنحو ستة أشهر. </li></ol> ملاحظة : هذه قسامة المجمدة عند تركيز من 106 خلية / مل يكفي لإحياء ثقافة على طبق من 10cm.

<ol>
	<li>Cowan, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+of+Embryonic+Stem+Cells+from+Human+Blastocysts.">Derivation of Embryonic Stem Cells from Human Blastocysts.</a> , 1650-1656 (2004).</li></ol>

تقنية وصفنا لتجميد خطوط الخلايا الأشكال يعمل بشكل جيد لتخزين بكفاءة وإحياء خطوط الخلايا الأشكال وأيضا أي خلايا الثدييات في المصالح. تجميد نسبة صغيرة من الخلايا في كل مرور اعتبار مهم عند العمل مع خطوط الخلايا HES ، وشذوذ النمط النووي يمكن أن تنشأ خلايا غير طبيعية ويمكن أن تتخذ بسر...

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		<th>Material Name</th>
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		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
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<tr>
<td>HuES Medium</td>
<td>medium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>For aq total of 651.5 ml, add: 500 ml KO-DMEM + 6.5 ml PenStrep + 6.5 ml L- Glut + 6.5 ml NEAA 6.5 ml + beta-mercaptoethanol 0.6ul (14.3 M stock) + 65 ml Serum Replacement + 65 ml Plasmanate + 0.65 ml bFGF2 (~10 ng/mL final)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Freezing Medium</td>
<td>medium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>80% FCS (fetal calf serum) + 20% DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide). Stored at 4C. </td>
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freezing human es cells

نحن هنا لشرح كيفية مختبرنا يتجمد الأشكال الجذعية الجنينية خطوط الخلايا البشرية. يتم غسلها وصحية ، والثقافة ، بشكل كبير ، مع التوسع في برنامج تلفزيوني لإزالة بقايا وسائل الاعلام التي يمكن أن يشفي إلا رد فعل التربسين. ثم يتم إضافة تحسنت 0.05 ٪ التربسين - EDTA لتغطية الخلايا ، وسمح لوحة لاحتضان لمدة تصل إلى 5 دقائق في درجة حرارة الغرفة. ويمكن خلال هذا الوقت لوحظ أن الخلايا التقريب ، ومستعمرات رفع قبالة سطح اللوحة. وسوف تتكرر لطيف pipetting إزالة الخلايا والمستعمرات من سطح اللوحة. وتوضع الخلايا في Trypsinized أنبوب مخروطي القياسية التي تتضمن وسائل الاعلام قبل تحسنت الخلية HES لإرواء التربسين المتبقية ، ونسج ذلك الحين. معلق الخلايا هي وسائط النمو في تركيز حوالي مليون الخلايا في واحد مل من وسائل الإعلام ، والتركيز مثل أن أحد قسامة المجمدة تكفي لإحياء ثقافة على طبق من 10cm. بعد بشكل كاف معلق الخلايا ، يتم إضافة وسائل الاعلام الجليد تجميد الباردة في حجم متساوية. تختلط الايقاف الخلية بدقة ، aliquoted الى تجميد قارورة ، وسمح لتجميد ببطء إلى 80C على مدى 24 ساعة. يمكن تجميد الخلايا ثم انتقلت إلى مرحلة بخار النيتروجين السائل للتخزين على المدى الطويل ، أو البقاء في -80 لنحو ستة أشهر.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Freezing Human ES Cells at JoVE.com

Freezing Human ES Cells

نحن هنا لشرح كيفية مختبرنا يتجمد الأشكال الجذعية الجنينية خطوط الخلايا البشرية.

تجميد الخلايا البشرية ES

Here we demonstrate how our lab freezes HuES human embryonic stem cell lines.  A healthy, exponentially expanding culture is washed with PBS to remove ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

14.8K Views.  Harvard. نحن هنا لشرح كيفية مختبرنا يتجمد الأشكال الجذعية الجنينية خطوط الخلايا البشرية.

Video: Freezing Human ES Cells

Human ES cells: Starting Culture from Frozen Cells

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.  First, a one to two day old ten cm plate of  approximately one (to two) million irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells is rinsed with HuES media to remove residual serum and cell debris, and then HuES media added and left to equilibrate in the cell culture incubator.  A frozen vial of cells from long term liquid nitrogen storage or a -80C freezer is sourced and quickly submerged in a 37C water bath for quick thawing.  Cells in freezing media are then removed from the vial and placed in a large volume of HuES media.  The large volume of HuES media facilitates removal of excess serum and DMSO, which can cause HuES human embryonic stem cells to differentiate.  Cells are gently spun out of suspension, and then re-suspended in a small volume of fresh HuES media that is then used to seed the MEF plate.  It is considered important to seed the MEF plate by gently adding the HuES cells in a drop wise fashion to evenly disperse them throughout the plate.  The newly established HuES culture plate is returned to the incubator for 48 hrs before media is replaced, then is fed every 24 hours thereafter.

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.

ES خلايا الإنسان : ثقافة ابتداء من خلايا مجمدة

Here we demonstrate how our lab begins a HuES human embryonic stem cell line culture from a frozen stock.  First, a one to two day old ten cm plate of  ...

ES Cell-derived Neuroepithelial Cell Cultures

ES cells have the potential to differentiate into cells from all germ layers, which makes them an attractive tool for the development of new therapies. In general, the differentiation of ES cells follows the concept to first generate immature progenitor cells, which then can be propagated and differentiated into mature cellular phenotypes. This also applies for ES cell-derived neurogenesis, in which the development of neural cells follows two major steps: First, the derivation and expansion of immature neuroepithelial precursors and second, their differentiation into mature neural cells. A common method to produce neural progenitors from ES cells is based on embryoid body (EB) formation, which reveals the differentiation of cells from all germ layers including neuroectoderm. An alternative and more efficient method to induce neuroepithelial cell development uses stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA), which can be achieved by co-culturing ES cells with skull bone marrow-derived stromal cells (1). Both, EB formation and SDIA, reveal the development of rosette-like structures, which are thought to resemble neural tube- and/or neural crest-like progenitors. The neural precursors can be isolated, expanded and further differentiated into specific neurons and glia cells using defined culture conditions. Here, we describe the generation and isolation of such rosettes in co-culture experiments with the stromal cell line MS5 (2-5).

Derivation of neuroepithelial precursors from embryonic stem (ES) cells using stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA).

ES الخلية المستمدة من الثقافات خلية عصبية ظهارية

ES cells have the potential to differentiate into cells from all germ layers, which makes them an attractive tool for the development of new therapies. In ...

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem ES Cells

انتشار الخلايا الجنينية البشرية (ES) الجذعية

Flash Freezing and Cryosectioning E12.5 Mouse Brain

Demonstrated in this video are the techniques for flash freezing and sectioning embryonic brain tissue from mouse. Useful tips for using the cryostat are given, including troubleshooting methods that can be used while cutting to ensure that the resultant tissues sections are free of cracks and other distortions.

فلاش التجميد وCryosectioning E12.5 مخ الفأر

Freezing, Thawing, and Packaging Cells for Transport

Cultured mammalian cells are used extensively in cell biology studies. It requires a number of special skills in order to be able to preserve the structure, function, behavior, and biology of the cells in culture. This video describes the basic skills required to freeze and store cells and how to recover frozen stocks. 

Cultured mammalian cells are used extensively in cell biology studies. This video describes the basic skills required to freeze and store cells and how to recover frozen stocks.

تجميد والذوبان ، وخلايا تغليف للنقل

Cultured mammalian cells are used extensively in cell biology studies. It requires a number of special skills in order to be able to preserve the ...

Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

تجميد والذوبان الخلايا الجذعية الجنينية البشرية

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells ...

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant interest in deriving a pure population of lineage-committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for transplantation. OPCs are characterized by the activity of the transcription factor Olig2 and surface expression of a proteoglycan NG2. Using the GFP-Olig2 (G-Olig2) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) reporter line, we optimized conditions for the differentiation of mESCs into GFP+Olig2+NG2+ OPCs. In our protocol, we first describe the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs. Second, we describe treatment of mESC-derived EBs with small molecules: (1) retinoic acid (RA) and (2) a sonic hedgehog (Shh) agonist purmorphamine (Pur) under defined culture conditions to direct EB differentiation into the oligodendroglial lineage. By this approach, OPCs can be obtained with high efficiency (&gt;80%) in a time period of 30 days. Cells derived from mESCs in this protocol are phenotypically similar to OPCs derived from primary tissue culture. The mESC-derived OPCs do not show the spiking property described for a subpopulation of brain OPCs in situ. To study this electrophysiological property, we describe the generation of spiking mESC-derived OPCs by ectopically expressing NaV1.2 subunit. The spiking and nonspiking cells obtained from this protocol will help advance functional studies on the two subpopulations of OPCs.

We describe a small molecule-based protocol for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This protocol generates Olig2+NG2+ OPCs with high efficiency by 30 days of differentiation. We also describe a method to generate "spiking" OPCs that can fire action potentials.

تمايز الخلايا الجذعية الجنينية في السلائف Oligodendrocyte

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...

Modified ES / OP9 Co-Culture Protocol Provides Enhanced Characterization of Hematopoietic Progeny

The in vitro differentiation of ES cells towards a hematopoietic cell fate is useful when studying cell populations that are difficult to access in vivo and for characterizing the earliest genes involved in hematopoiesis, without having to deal with embryonic lethalities. The ES/OP9 co-culture system was originally designed to produce hematopoietic progeny, without the over production of macrophages, as the OP9 stromal cell line is derived from the calvaria of osteopetrosis mutant mice that lack functional M-CSF. The in vitro ES/OP9 co-culture system can be used in order to recapitulate early hematopoietic development. When cultured on OP9 stromal cells, ES cells differentiate into Flk-1+ hemangioblasts, hematopoietic progenitors, and finally mature, terminally differentiated lineages. The standard ES/OP9 co-culture protocol entails the placement of ES cells onto a confluent layer of OP9 cells; as well as, periodic replating steps in order to remove old, contaminating OP9 cells. Furthermore, current protocols involve evaluating only the hematopoietic cells found in suspension and are not optimized for evaluation of ES-derived progeny at each day of differentiation. However, with replating steps and the harvesting of only suspension cells one potentially misses a large portion of ES-derived progeny and developing hematopoietic cells. This issue becomes important to address when trying to characterize hematopoietic defects associated with knockout ES lines. Here we describe a modified ES/mStrawberry OP9 co-culture, which allows for the elimination of contaminating OP9 cells from downstream assays. This method allows for the complete evaluation of all ES-derived progeny at all days of co-culture, resulting in a hematopoietic differentiation pattern, which more directly corresponds to the hematopoietic differentiation pattern observed within the embryo.

mStrawberry OP9 cells allow for complete evaluation of all ES-derived progeny from co-culture.

تعديل ES / OP9 المشارك الثقافة ينص البروتوكول خصائص محسنة من النسل للدم

The in vitro differentiation of ES cells towards a hematopoietic cell fate is useful when studying cell populations that are difficult to access in vivo ...

Transduction of Human Cells with Polymer-complexed Ecotropic Lentivirus for Enhanced Biosafety

Stem and tumor cell biology studies often require viral transduction of human cells with known or suspected oncogenes, raising major safety issues for laboratory personnel. Pantropic lentiviruses, such as the commonly used VSV-G pseudotype, are a valuable tool for studying gene function because they can transduce many cell types, including non-dividing cells. However, researchers may wish to avoid production and centrifugation of pantropic viruses encoding oncogenes due to higher biosafety level handling requirements and safety issues. Several potent oncogenes, including c-Myc and SV40 large T antigen, are known to enhance production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). All other known iPSC-inducing genetic changes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, and p53 loss of function) also have links to cancer, making them of relatively high safety concern as well. 
While these cancer-related viruses are useful in studying cellular reprogramming and pluripotency, they must be used safely. To address these biosafety issues, we demonstrate a method for transduction of human cells with ecotropic lentivirus, with additional emphasis on reduced cost and convenient handling. We have produced ecotropic lentivirus with sufficiently high titer to transduce greater than 90% of receptor-expressing human cells exposed to the virus, validating the efficacy of this approach. 
Lentivirus is often concentrated by ultracentrifugation; however, this process takes several hours and can produce aerosols infectious to human biomedical researchers. As an alternative, viral particles can be more safely sedimented onto cells by complexation with chondroitin sulfate and polybrene (CS/PB). This technique increases the functional viral titer up to 3-fold in cells stably expressing murine retrovirus receptor, with negligible added time and cost. Transduction of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is maximally enhanced using CS/PB concentrations approximately 4-fold lower than the optimal value previously reported for cancer cell lines, suggesting that polymer concentration should be titrated for the target cell type of interest. We therefore describe the use of methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to assay for polymer toxicity in a new cell type. We observe equivalent viability of HDFs after viral transduction using either polymer complexation or the standard dose of polybrene (PB, 6 &mu;g/ml), indicating minimal acute toxicity.
In this protocol, we describe the use of ecotropic lentivirus for overexpression of oncogenes in human cells, reducing biosafety risks and increasing the transduction rate. We also demonstrate the use of polymer complexation to enhance transduction while avoiding aerosol-forming centrifugation of viral particles.

Lentiviruses are a valuable research tool for exploring gene function; however, researchers may wish to avoid production of pantropic lentivirus encoding known or suspected oncogenes. As an alternative, we present a safer protocol for use of ecotropic lentivirus on human cells modified to express the ecotropic receptor mSlc7a1.

تنبيغ من خلايا الإنسان مع البوليمر المعقد Ecotropic الفيروسة البطيئة للسلامة الأحيائية المحسن

Stem and tumor cell biology studies often require viral transduction of human cells with known or suspected oncogenes, raising major safety issues for ...

Examination of Drosophila Larval Tracheal Terminal Cells by Light Microscopy

Cell shape is critical for cell function. However, despite the importance of cell morphology, little is known about how individual cells generate specific shapes. Drosophila tracheal terminal cells have become a powerful genetic model to identify and elucidate the roles of genes required for generating cellular morphologies. Terminal cells are a component of a branched tubular network, the tracheal system that functions to supply oxygen to internal tissues. Terminal cells are an excellent model for investigating questions of cell shape as they possess two distinct cellular architectures. First, terminal cells have an elaborate branched morphology, similar to complex neurons; second, terminal cell branches are formed as thin tubes and contain a membrane-bound intracellular lumen. Quantitative analysis of terminal cell branch number, branch organization and individual branch shape, can be used to provide information about the role of specific genetic mechanisms in the making of a branched cell. Analysis of tube formation in these cells can reveal conserved mechanisms of tubulogenesis common to other tubular networks, such as the vertebrate vasculature. Here we describe techniques that can be used to rapidly fix, image, and analyze both branching patterns and tube formation in terminal cells within Drosophila larvae. These techniques can be used to analyze terminal cells in wild-type and mutant animals, or genetic mosaics. Because of the high efficiency of this protocol, it is also well suited for genetic, RNAi-based, or drug screens in the Drosophila tracheal system.

Examination of Drosophila Larval Tracheal Terminal Cells by Light Microscopy

Here, we present a method for light microscopy analysis of tracheal terminal cells in Drosophila larvae. This method allows for quick examination of branch and lumen morphology in whole animals and would be useful for analysis of individual mutants or screens for mutations affecting terminal cell development.

فحص<em&gt; ذبابة الفاكهة</em&gt; اليرقات الخلايا الطرفية الرغامي بواسطة المجهر الضوئي

Cell shape is critical for cell function. However, despite the importance of cell morphology, little is known about how individual cells generate specific ...