The authors have no acknowledgements.

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Venkatesh Mani has received research grants from Novartis. Nadia Alie, Sarayu Ramachandran, Cecilia Besa, Philip Robson and Bachir Taouli have nothing to disclose. Michele Mercuri and Michael Grosso are employees of Daiichi Sankyo. Greg Piazza has received research grants from Daiichi Sankyo, BMS, EKOS, and the Thrombosis Research Institute. Samuel Goldhaber has received grants from BMS, Daiichi Sankyo, EKOS, NHLBI and the Thrombosis Research Institute. He is a consultant for Ariad, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech, Janssen, Merck, Pfizer and Portola. Zahi Fayad has received research grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, VBL Therapeutics, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Via Pharmaceuticals.

وأظهرت هذه الدراسة جدوى الكمي لجلطة في MR تصوير الوريد باستخدام gadofosveset ثلاثي الصوديوم كعامل النقيض من ذلك، مع استنساخ ممتازة من تحليل لقياس حجم خثرة في إعداد مراكز متعددة. لحساب إجمالي حجم الجلطة، استخدمت الوسيلة الرئيسية لمرحلة ما بعد التباين MRV مسح لقياس حجم الجلطة...

الجلطات الدموية الوريدية (VTE) يؤثر 300،000-600،000 شخص في الولايات المتحدة كل عام 1. الخثار الوريدي العميق (DVT) هو العرض الأكثر شيوعا لهذا النوع من الجلطات، والأكثر شيوعا يؤثر على الساق والفخذ أو الأوردة في الحوض. التشخيص، والإدارة، ومتابعة من الموضوعات مع DVT لا يمكن أن يقوم إلا على الامتحانات السريرية، لأن علامات وأعراض هذا المرض هي غير محددة 2،3. في حين اختبارات الدم (مثل D-ديمر) يمكن أن تساعد يستبعد تشخيص الاصابة بجلطات الاوردة العميقة، مطلوب التصوير لتأسيس وجود DVT 4. الموجات فوق الصوتية ضغط (CUS) حاليا اختبار التصوير الأكثر شيوعا في تشخيص يشتبه DVT الحادة. CUS غير مكلفة ولها حساسية عالية وخصوصية للكشف عن الاصابة بجلطات الاوردة العميقة الحادة 5. ومع ذلك، يمكن CUS لا تقييم موثوق الأوردة العميقة في الحوض 6. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن CUS لا قياس مباشرة حجم الجلطة وتكوينها، والتي هي مهمة عند التمييز betwDVT الحادة التابعين (مصدرا محتملا للانسداد الرئوي (PE)) وDVT المزمنة (أقل عرضة للembolize) وتقييم الكفاءة العلاجية 7. على عكس التصوير المقطعي (CT) والتصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي (MRI) لا يتم تسليم الإشعاع المؤين، وبالتالي فهي مناسبة لاجراء فحوص التسلسلية لتقييم تطور خثرة أو الانحدار. مقارنة مع سلطات الجمارك، يمكن التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي كشف DVT الحوض ويمكن أن تحدد على نحو أدق القريبة (المأبضية الوريد وما فوق) والساق البعيدة (أقل من الوريد المأبضية) DVT 8، إجراء تقييم أفضل لمخاطر PE. التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي يمكن أن تميز سن الجلطة والتنظيم، ويمكن أن يساعد في التمييز الحاد من DVT المزمنة 11/09 (الحكام تحديث). الكمي لحجم الجلطة، وهو مقياس مهم لتقييم تطور المرض والاستجابة للعلاج، هو ممكن مع التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي. يتم تنفيذ البروتوكولات تصوير الأوردة بالرنين المغناطيسي الحالية بعد حقن الجادولينيوم (ش ج) عوامل التباين استنادا 12. هذههي عبارة عن جزيئات صغيرة الوزن الجزيئي أن يتسرب بسرعة بعد الحقن، وتتطلب توقيت دقيق للقبض على مرحلة تعزيز الوريدية اللازمة لتصور خثرة 13،14 صحيح. دراسة إثبات صحة مفهوم، للحد من الجلطة edoxaban التصوير الدراسية (eTRIS)، وذلك باستخدام تصميم التسمية مفتوحة، التحقيق في فعالية وسلامة edoxaban 90 ملغ مرة واحدة يوميا لمدة 10 يوما، تليها edoxaban 60 ملغ مرة واحدة يوميا في علاج الحادة، DVT أعراض (ClinicalTrials.gov معرف: NCT01662908). يتناول eTRIS سواء edoxaban حيد، دون ما يصاحب ذلك انخفاض الوزن الجزيئي هيبارين (LMW الهيبارين) في وقت بدء العلاج، هو أكثر فعالية من العلاج القياسي مع LMW علاج الهيبارين / الوارفارين في الموضوعات مع DVT، وفقا لتقييم النسبة المئوية (٪) التغيير من الأساس في خثرة حجم / حجم (تقاس MRI) في يوم 14-21. كان هدف آخر من eTRIS لتطوير والتحقق من صحة MR مباشرتصوير الأوردة (MRV) الحصول على الصور وبروتوكول تحليل لتقدير حجم خثرة في DVT. للتغلب على بعض التحديات التي تواجهها بروتوكولات MRV الحالية في إعدادات متعددة المراكز، ونحن تستخدم لذلك، تتداول منذ فترة طويلة، على أساس الجادولينيوم تجمع الدم عامل تباين مؤخرا وافقت عليها الهيئة (gadofosveset صوديوم). بالمقارنة مع استخدام يخلب خارج الخلية على أساس كلمة المدير العام (على سبيل المثال، GD-DTPA) لMRV، gadofosveset لديه الوقت تداول أطول بكثير، والذي يسمح استخدام نظام أكثر بساطة اقتناء MR، دون أي توقيت عمليات الاستحواذ. Gadofosveset صوديوم هو تجمع دم وكيل MRI النقيض من ذلك الذي يدور لمدة 2-3 ساعة بعد الحقن في الوريد 15،16. لمحة سلامة مشابه لتلك التي خارج الأوعية خارج الخلية وكلاء MRI النقيض التقليدية 17. لأنها تتيح التصوير ثابتة للدولة من الأوعية الدموية على مدى فترة من 1 ساعة. ولذلك، لا يلزم المشغل توقيت يعتمد الحصول على الصور بعد حقن عامل تباين. ميزة إضافيةاستخدام هذا عامل تباين هو أنه هو جزيء صغير (الوزن الجزيئي 857 دا) 18 ويمكن أن تتخلل جانبي حتى الجلطة المغطي بالكامل، وبالتالي توفير تباين ممتازة من DVT من المناطق المحيطة بها على MRV وتمكين الحساب الكمي للDVT وحدات التخزين. وقد أثبتت الدراسات السابقة موثوقية بين المقيم من تصور الأوردة باستخدام تصوير الأوردة MR حجم محرف النفس الانتظار فحص (VIBE) باستخدام gadofosveset صوديوم 19. هنا، فإننا نستخدم نهجا مماثلا في إعداد التجارب السريرية مراكز متعددة لتقييم جلطة واستخدام حجم DVT تقاس MRI باعتباره نقطة النهاية. يوفر eTRIS منصة مثالية لتقييم جدوى واستنساخ تحليل النهج التصوير MRV المقترح هنا، وذلك باستخدام مقرها ش ج-تجمع الدم عامل تباين تعميم طويلة لتقييم كميات DVT. نحن أيضا تقييم استخدام نهج التصوير خثرة المباشرة (DTHI) لقياس مدى DVT جديدة قبلحقن عوامل التباين. أجريت امتحانين MRI أثناء الدراسة: الأول في غضون 36 ساعة بعد التوزيع العشوائي في المجموعة edoxaban حيد أو الهيبارين / مجموعة الوارفارين، والثانية ما بين 14 إلى 21 يوما بعد التوزيع العشوائي. أجريت تحليلات جميع الصور من قبل مختبر مركزي الأساسية. يتم احتساب حجم خثرة جديدة من الجلطة التصوير المباشر (DTHI) في الساقين والحوض السفلي قبل ضخ أي وكيل التباين. يتم احتساب حجم خثرة الإجمالي (الطازجة والقدامى) من موقع النقيض تصوير الأوردة بالرنين المغناطيسي (MRV) صور الأوردة في الساقين والحوض السفلي.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ablavar (gadofosveset trisodium)</td>
			<td>Lantheus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Contrast Agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5T or 3T Scanners</td>
			<td>GE, Siemens, or Phillips</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>GE(Horizon, Signa, Hdx, 750), Siemens (Symphony, Avanto, Sonata, Trio, Aera) or Philips (Intera, Achieva)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a multicenter mri protocol for the evaluation and quantification of deep vein thrombosis

قمنا بتقييم لتصوير الأوردة بالرنين المغناطيسي (MRV) النهج مع gadofosveset لتحديد مجموع التغييرات في الحجم خثرة كمعيار أساسي لفعالية العلاج في دراسة عشوائية متعددة المراكز مقارنة حيد edoxaban مع نظام الهيبارين / الوارفارين لحالات حادة، السفلية أعراض جلطة (DVT ) العلاج. كنا أيضا نهجا التصوير خثرة المباشرة (DTHI، من دون استخدام وكيل النقيض) لتحديد خثرة جديدة. نحن بعد ذلك سعى لتقييم استنساخ منهجية تحليل وتطبيق باستخدام 3D تصوير الأوردة بالرنين المغناطيسي والتصوير خثرة المباشر لتقدير حجم DVT في إعداد محاكمة مراكز متعددة. من 10 مواضيع مختارة عشوائيا المشاركة في الجلطة الحد التصوير دراسة edoxaban (eTRIS)، وكان كميا إجمالي حجم خثرة في الطرف السفلي الجهاز الوريدي العميق كامل على المستوى الثنائي. تم تصوير المواضيع باستخدام تسلسل 3D-T1W التدرج الصدى قبل (ر المباشرالتصوير hrombus، DTHI) و 5 دقائق بعد حقن 0،03 مليمول / كغ من صوديوم gadofosveset (تصوير الأوردة بالرنين المغناطيسي، MRV). على هامش DVT على المقابلة المحورية، منحنية متعددة مستو الصور إخراجها ويرسم يدويا من قبل اثنين من المراقبين للحصول على قياسات حجم الجلطة الدموية الوريدية لل. وقد استخدم MRV لحساب إجمالي حجم DVT، في حين تم استخدام DTHI لحساب حجم خثرة جديدة. أجريت علاقة من الدرجة البينية (ICC)، وتحليل التمان بلاند للمقارنة من التباين بين وداخل مراقب من التحليل. وكانت المحكمة الجنائية الدولية لتفاوت وداخل مراقب ممتاز (0.99 و 0.98، p &lt;0.001 على التوالي) مع عدم وجود تحيز على بلاند-التمان تحليل للصور MRV. للصور DTHI، كانت النتائج أقل قليلا (ICC = 0.88 و 0.95 على التوالي، p &lt;0.001)، مع ميل للنتائج بين المراقب على قطع بلاند-ألتمان. وأظهرت هذه الدراسة جدوى تقدير حجم خثرة في DVT باستخدام MRV مع gadofosveset صوديوم، مع داخل الإقليم الخير وفياستنساخ ثالثا-مراقب في إعداد مراكز متعددة.

لغرض التقييمات استنساخ، والأساس، وكان يتم تجميع متابعة المسح الضوئي وتحليلها كما قضايا منفصلة. من 10 المواضيع المختارة عشوائيا (2 مرة لكل منهما)، كانت هناك 59 سفينة مع DVT التي تم تحديدها باستخدام نهج MRV و 29 سفينة مع خثرة جديدة حددها DTHI. في مجموعة فرعية من هذه المواد 10 تم ا?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis at JoVE.com

A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis

The goal of this study is to use magnetic resonance venography with long-circulating gadolinium-based contrast agent and direct thrombus imaging for quantitative evaluation of DVT volume in a multicenter, clinical trial setting. Inter- and intra-observer variability assessments were conducted, and reproducibility of the protocol was determined.

بروتوكول MRI متعددة المراكز لتقييم النوعي والكمي للجلطة

We evaluated a magnetic resonance venography (MRV) approach with gadofosveset to quantify total thrombus volume changes as the principal criterion for ...

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16.9K Views.  Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The goal of this study is to use magnetic resonance venography with long-circulating gadolinium-based contrast agent and direct thrombus imaging for quantitative evaluation of DVT volume in a multicenter, clinical trial setting. Inter- and intra-observer variability assessments were conducted, and reproducibility of the protocol was determined.

Video: A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus is the cornerstone of most immunosuppressive treatment protocols after solid organ transplantation in the United States. Tacrolimus is a narrow therapeutic index drug and as such requires therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment based on its whole blood trough concentrations. To facilitate home therapeutic drug and adherence monitoring, the collection of dried blood spots is an attractive concept. After a finger stick, the patient collects a blood drop on filter paper at home. After the blood is dried, it is mailed to the analytical laboratory where tacrolimus is quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in combination with a simple manual protein precipitation step and online column extraction.
For tacrolimus analysis, a 6-mm disc is punched from the saturated center of the blood spot. The blood spot is homogenized using a bullet blender and then proteins are precipitated with methanol/0.2 M ZnSO4 containing the internal standard D2,13C-tacrolimus. After vortexing and centrifugation, 100 &#181;l of supernatant is injected into an online extraction column and washed with 5 ml/min of 0.1 formic acid/acetonitrile (7:3, v:v) for 1 min. Hereafter, the switching valve is activated and the analytes are back-flushed onto the analytical column (and separated using a 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile gradient). Tacrolimus is quantified in the positive multi reaction mode (MRM) using a tandem mass spectrometer.
The assay is linear from 1 to 50 ng/ml. Inter-assay variability (3.6%-6.1%) and accuracy (91.7%-101.6%) as assessed over 20 days meet acceptance criteria. Average extraction recovery is 95.5%. There are no relevant carry-over, matrix interferences and matrix effects. Tacrolimus is stable in dried blood spots at RT and at +4 &#176;C for 1 week. Extracted samples in the autosampler are stable at +4 &#176;C for at least 72 hr.

Here we describe a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay to quantify the immunosuppressant tacrolimus in dried blood spots using a simple manual protein precipitation step and online column extraction.

الكمي للمناعة tacrolimus على وبقع الدم الجافة عن طريق LC-MS / MS

The calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus is the cornerstone of most immunosuppressive treatment protocols after solid organ transplantation in the United ...

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Huntington's can disrupt it. People with Parkinson's disease, for example, tend to have increased saccadic latencies. Consequently, the quantitative measurement of saccadic eye movements has received considerable attention as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative conditions. A lot more can be learned about the brain in both health and disease by observing what happens to eye movements when the function of specific brain areas is perturbed. Deep brain stimulation is a surgical intervention used for the management of a range of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, in which stimulating electrodes are placed in specific brain areas including several sites in the basal ganglia. Eye movement measurements can then be made with the stimulator systems both off and on and the results compared. With suitable experimental design, this approach can be used to study the pathophysiology of the disease being treated, the mechanism by which DBS exerts it beneficial effects, and even aspects of normal neurophysiology.

This paper describes the use of quantitative measurement of eye movements in conjunction with stimulation of focal areas of the deep brain in order to study physiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.

باستخدام Saccadometry مع ديب تحفيز الدماغ لدراسة العادية والمرضية وظيفة الدماغ

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including ...

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The amount of the different tissues in the callus provides important information on the fracture healing progress. Available in vivo techniques to longitudinally monitor the callus tissue development in preclinical fracture-healing studies using small animals include digital radiography and &#181;CT imaging. However, both techniques are only able to distinguish between mineralized and non-mineralized tissue. Consequently, it is impossible to discriminate cartilage from fibrous tissue. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualizes anatomical structures based on their water content and might therefore be able to noninvasively identify soft tissue and cartilage in the fracture callus. Here, we report the use of an MRI-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice. The experiments demonstrated that the fixator and a custom-made mounting device allow repetitive MRI scans, thus enabling longitudinal analysis of fracture-callus tissue development.

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

The evaluation of tissue development in the fracture callus during endochondral bone healing is essential to monitor the healing process. Here, we report the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice.

في فيفو تقييم التنمية دشبذ الكسر أثناء التئام العظام في الفئران باستخدام جهاز الصدمة المتوافقة مع التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي لعظم الفخذ الماوس

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Imaging techniques that reflect dynamic bone turnover may aid in characterizing a wide range of bone pathologies. Bone is a dynamic tissue undergoing continuous remodeling with the competing activity of osteoblasts, which produce the new bone matrix, and osteoclasts, whose function is to eliminate mineralized bone. [18F]-NaF is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer that enables visualization of bone metabolism. [18F]-NaF is chemically absorbed into hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix by osteoblasts and can thus noninvasively detect osteoblastic activity, which is occult to conventional imaging techniques. Kinetic modeling of dynamic [18F]-NaF-PET data provides detailed quantitative measures of bone metabolism. Conventional semi-quantitative PET data, which utilizes standardized uptake values (SUVs) as a measure of radiotracer activity, is referred to as a static technique due to its snapshot of tracer uptake in time.&#160; Kinetic modeling, however, utilizes dynamic image data where tracer levels are continuously acquired providing tracer uptake temporal resolution. From the kinetic modeling of dynamic data, quantitative values like blood flow and metabolic rate (i.e., potentially informative metrics of tracer dynamics) can be extracted, all with respect to the measured activity in the image data. When combined with dual modality PET-MRI, region-specific kinetic data can be correlated with anatomically registered high-resolution structural and pathologic information afforded by MRI. The goal of this methodological manuscript is to outline detailed techniques for performing and analyzing dynamic [18F]-NaF-PET-MRI data. The lumbar facet joint is a common site of degenerative arthritis disease and a common cause for axial low back pain.&#160; Recent studies suggest [18F]-NaF-PET may serve as a useful biomarker of painful facetogenic disease.&#160; The human lumbar facet joint will, therefore, be used as a prototypical region of interest for dynamic [18F]-NaF-PET-MRI analysis in this manuscript.

Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Imaging techniques that reflect dynamic bone turnover may aid in characterizing a wide range of bone pathologies. We present detailed methodologies for performing and analyzing dynamic [18F]-NaF-PET-MRI data in a patient with facetogenic low back pain using the lumbar facet joints as a prototypical region of interest.

تحليل كمي [18F]-NAF-PET-MRI لتقييم دوران العظام الديناميكية في مريض يعاني من آلام الظهر المنخفضة في Facetogenic

Imaging techniques that reflect dynamic bone turnover may aid in characterizing a wide range of bone pathologies. Bone is a dynamic tissue undergoing ...

Quantification of Optic Nerve Cross Sectional Area on MRI: A Novel Protocol using Fiji Software

Optic nerve assessment is an important aspect of glaucoma diagnosis and follow-up. This project describes a protocol for a unified methodology of optic nerve cross-sectional assessment and quantification using 3 T MRI for image acquisition and ImageJ's Fiji software for image processing quantification. Image acquisition was performed using 3 T MRI, with proper instructions for the patient to ensure straight fixation during imaging. A T2-weighted fat suppressed sequence was used. A coronal cut taken 3 mm behind the globe and perpendicular to the optic nerve axis should be uploaded to the software. Using the threshold function, the white matter area of the optic nerve is selected and quantified, thus, eliminating inter-individual measurement bias. We also described the normal limits for the optic nerve cross-sectional area according to age, based on previously published literature. We used the described protocol to assess optic nerve of a suspected glaucoma patient. The optic nerve cross-sectional area was found to be within the normal limits, a finding further confirmed via optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve.

We provided a detailed protocol for a standardized method of optic nerve assessment and quantification using MRI, utilizing a widely available imaging sequence, and open access software for image analysis. Following this standardized protocol would provide meaningful data for comparison between different patients and different studies.

القياس الكمي لمنطقة الأعصاب البصرية العرضية على التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي: بروتوكول جديد باستخدام برامج فيجي

Optic nerve assessment is an important aspect of glaucoma diagnosis and follow-up. This project describes a protocol for a unified methodology of optic ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to detect drug exposure. The rat blood sampling method determines the quality of the plasma and further affects the precision of the test results. The subclavian vein blood collection method described in this protocol collects blood samples repeatedly in the conscious state of animals to meet the needs of PK and TK tests. The skills of restraint handling and appropriate procedure of needle incision ensure the success rate of blood collection. It is easy to operate while ensuring the quality of plasma and at the same time catering to animal welfare. However, this method requires skilled operation, and an improper one may cause animal weakness, pain, lameness, and even mortality. The current method has been used in the testing facility for a 4-week oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with TK. The maximum amount of blood collected within 24 h did not exceed 20% of the animal's total blood. The animals' body weight was more than 200 g for males and females. The data showed that the animals' bodyweight increased steadily every week, and the clinical observation was normal after repetitive sample collection.

The present protocol describes a simple and efficient method for collecting blood from the subclavian vein in rats. It enables rapid, timely, and easily identifiable sampling without anesthesia and obtains high-quality blood through repetitive sample collection.

أخذ عينات الدم المتكررة من الوريد تحت الترقوة للفأر الواعي

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...

A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as an interesting time-efficient approach to increase exercise adherence and improve health. However, few studies have tested the efficiency of HIIT protocols in a &#34;real world&#34; setting, e.g., HIIT protocols designed for outdoor spaces without specialized equipment. This study presents a &#34;real world&#34; training protocol, named &#34;beep training&#34;, and compares the efficiency of a HIIT regiment versus a traditional long-duration Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) regiment using this beep training protocol on VO2 max of overweight untrained men. Twenty-two subjects performed outdoor running with MICT (n = 11) or HIIT (n = 11). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed before and after training protocols using a metabolic analyzer. Both training protocols were performed 3 days a week for 8 weeks using the Beep Test results. The MICT group performed the exercise program at 60%-75% of the maximum speed of the 20 m shuttle test (Vmax) and with a progression of the distance of 3,500-5,000 m. The HIIT group performed the interval exercise with 7-10 bouts of 200 m at 85%-100% of the maximum speed of the 20 m shuttle test (Vmax), interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery. Although the HIIT group presented a significantly lower training volume than the MICT group (p &#60; 0.05) after 8 weeks of beep training, HIIT was superior to MICT in improving VO2 max (MICT: ~4.1%; HIIT: ~7.3%; p &#60; 0.05). The &#34;real world&#34; HIIT regiment based on beep training protocol is a time-efficient, low-cost, and easy-to-implement protocol for overweight untrained men.

This study presents a low-cost and easy-to-implement "real world" high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol for scientific research and discusses its efficiency for cardiorespiratory fitness.

بروتوكول تدريب فتري عالي الكثافة في العالم الحقيقي لتحسين اللياقة القلبية التنفسية

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as an interesting time-efficient approach to increase exercise adherence and improve health. However, ...

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the investigation of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies. 
To perform the surgery, we enter the cardiac chamber through the third intercostal space and carefully dissect the internal mammary vein and immerse it in normal saline. The right main coronary artery is then treated for ischemia. The target vessel is incised, a shunt plug is placed, and the distal end of the graft vein is anastomosed. The ascending aorta is partially blocked, and the proximal end of the graft vein is anastomosed after perforation. The graft vein is checked for patency, and the proximal right coronary artery is ligated. 
CABG surgery is performed in minipigs to harvest the left internal mammary vein for its use as a vascular graft. Serum biochemical tests are used to evaluate the physiological status of the animals after surgery. Ultrasound examination shows that the proximal, middle, and distal end of the graft vessel are unobstructed. In the surgical model, turbulent blood flow in the graft is observed upon histological examination after the CABG surgery, and venous graft stenosis associated with intimal hyperplasia is observed in the graft. The study here provides detailed surgical procedures for the establishment of a repeatable CABG-induced VGD model.

In this protocol, novel pig vein bypass grafting was performed through a small incision in the left chest wall without cardiopulmonary bypass. A postoperative pathology study was done, which showed intimal thickening.

إنشاء وتقييم نموذج مرض الكسب غير المشروع في الوريد الخنزير

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the ...

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis

Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious vascular disorder that requires accurate and early diagnosis to prevent life-threatening sequelae. While whole leg compression ultrasound with color and spectral Doppler is commonly performed in radiology and vascular labs, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming more common in the acute care setting. Providers appropriately trained in focused POCUS can perform a rapid bedside examination with high sensitivity and specificity in critically ill patients. This paper describes a simplified yet validated approach to POCUS by describing a three-zone protocol for lower extremity DVT POCUS image acquisition. The protocol explains the steps in obtaining vascular images at six compression points in the lower extremity. Beginning at the level of the proximal thigh and moving distally to the popliteal space, the protocol guides the user through each of the compression points in a stepwise manner: from the common femoral vein to the femoral and deep femoral vein bifurcation, and, finally, to the popliteal vein. Further, a visual aid is provided that may assist providers during real-time image acquisition. The goal in presenting this protocol is to help make proximal lower extremity DVT exams more accessible and efficient for POCUS users at the patient&#39;s bedside.

Traditionally, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is diagnosed by radiology-performed venous duplex ultrasound. Providers appropriately trained in focused point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can perform a rapid bedside examination with high sensitivity and specificity in critically ill patients. We describe the scanning technique for focused POCUS DVT lower extremity examination.

الفحص بالموجات فوق الصوتية في نقطة الرعاية للتخثر الوريدي العميق في الأطراف السفلية القريبة

Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious vascular disorder that requires accurate and early diagnosis to prevent life-threatening ...

دراسة مقارنة لتقنيات جمع الدم في الفئران

Modified Tail Vein and Penile Vein Puncture for Blood Sampling in the Rat Model

Blood samples are required in most experimental animal designs to assess various hematological parameters. This paper presents two procedures for blood collection in rats: the lateral tail vein puncture and the dorsal penile vein puncture, which offer significant advantages over other previously described techniques. This study shows that these two procedures allow for fast sampling (under 10 min) and yield sufficient blood volumes for most assays (202 &#956;L &#177; 67.7 &#956;L). The dorsal penile vein puncture must be done under anesthesia, whereas the lateral tail vein puncture can be done on a conscious, restrained animal.
Alternating these two techniques, therefore, enables blood draw in any situation. While it is always recommended for an operator to be assisted during a procedure to ensure animal welfare, these techniques require only a single operator, unlike most blood sampling methods that require two. Moreover, whereas these previously described methods (e.g., jugular stick, subclavian vein blood draw) require extensive prior training to avoid harm to or death of the animal, tail vein and dorsal penile vein puncture are rarely fatal. For all these reasons, and according to the context (e.g., for studies including male rats, during the perioperative or immediate postoperative period, for animals with thin tail veins), both techniques can be used alternately to enable repeated blood draws.

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: طرق جمع الدم المعتمدة على السياق في الفئران 

Here, we present a protocol to offer rapid, easy, and reliable blood collection alternatives for the rat model. We describe three different blood sampling methods according to the context: tail vein puncture under anesthesia or on a conscious animal, and dorsal penile vein puncture under anesthesia.

تعديل الوريد الذيل وثقب الوريد القضيب لأخذ عينات الدم في نموذج الفئران

Blood samples are required in most experimental animal designs to assess various hematological parameters. This paper presents two procedures for blood ...