فإن الكتاب أود أن أعرب عن امتنانهم للسيد كونغ هو لمساعدته في أداء التجارب الواردة في هذه الدراسة. وأيد هذا العمل في جزء من مؤسسة العلوم الطبيعية الوطنية الصينية (رقم 61473207).

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

تقدم هذه الورقة إجراء التجارب على أساس SSVEP لإنشاء نظام تفاعل الدماغ الروبوت مع الروبوتات الروبوت من خلال دمج برامج متعددة. لأنه ينظر القصد البشري عن طريق تفسير إشارات EEG في الوقت الحقيقي، فمن الأهمية بمكان للتحقق من وصلات الكهربائي EEG والصفات إشارة قبل إجراء التجربة. ...

الدماغ الروبوت التفاعل (BRI)، الذي يوفر مسارا الاتصالات المبتكرة بين الإنسان والجهاز الآلي عبر إشارات الدماغ، هو المحتملين في مساعدة المعاقين في حياتهم اليومية 1،2. مجموعة متنوعة من الأساليب هي قادرة على التقاط إشارات الدماغ إما جراحية أو غير جراحية، مثل تخطيط كهربية قشر الدماغ (ECoG)، التخطيط الكهربائي للدماغ، والتصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي الوظيفي (fMRI)، وما إلى ذلك طريقة غير الغازية الأكثر استخداما لبناء نظام BRI هو الحصول على إشارات EEG من أقطاب توضع على فروة الرأس. هذه الطريقة غير مكلفة وسهلة الاستخدام، ويوفر القرار الزماني مقبول 3. بين مجموعة متنوعة من الأجهزة الروبوتية، والروبوتات الروبوت متقدمة كما أنها يتم إنشاؤها لتقليد بعض من نفس المهام البدنية والعقلية أن البشر يخضع يوميا. سوف BRI مع الروبوت الروبوت لعب دورا هاما في مساعدة المرضى وكبار السن، فضلا عن أداء وظائف غير صحية أو خطرة. لكن السيطرةمن الروبوت الروبوت من خلال نظام BRI يشكل تحديا للغاية، كما تم تطوير الروبوت الروبوت مع حركة الجسم كاملة لأداء المهام المعقدة مثل المساعدة الشخصية 4، 5. المطرد للدولة البصرية مستدعى المحتملة (SSVEP) هو نوع من إشارة الدماغ التي حركها التشكيل من التحفيز البصري على تردد معين 6. أنه يحتوي على الجيوب في الترددات الأساسية ومتناسق من التحفيز الخفقان، وبشكل بارز يظهر في جميع أنحاء القشرة البصرية في المنطقة القفوية من فروة الرأس 7. سبب اختيار الإشارات SSVEP هو أن النظام BRI استنادا SSVEP-غلة عالية نسبيا معدل نقل المعلومات ويتطلب أقل تدريب 8. أنواع أخرى من الموجات الدماغية، مثل إمكانات ذات الصلة بالحدث (نظم تخطيط موارد المؤسسات) 9 أو الحركية الصور (MI) إمكانات 10، ويمكن أيضا أن يكون متضمنا في هذا الإجراء التجريبي. إجراءاتنا للتفاعل الدماغ الروبوت مع الروبوتويستند الروبوتات على Cerebot - منصة العقل التي تسيطر عليها الروبوت الروبوت - التي تتكون من نظام الحصول على البيانات EEG والروبوت الروبوت 11. نظام EEG غير قادرة على تسجيل، قبل العملية والإشارات الحيوية المحتملة العرض التي حصل عليها أنواع مختلفة من الأقطاب الكهربائية. أنها توفر التناظرية متعددة الإدخال / الإخراج وأنا الرقمية / الإخراج، وقادر على تسجيل ما يصل إلى 128 قناة في وقت واحد إشارة بمعدل عينة من 30 كيلو هرتز مع قرار 16-بت. في عدد تطوير البرامج في C ++ وMATLAB من السهل للمستخدمين لتصميم الإجراءات التجريبية. الروبوت الروبوت لديه 25 درجات الحرية ومجهز بأجهزة استشعار متعددة، بما في ذلك 2 الكاميرات، 4 ميكروفونات، 2 جهاز ضبط السونار، 2 IR بواعث والمستقبلات، 1 مجلس بالقصور الذاتي، 9 أجهزة استشعار اللمس، و 8 أجهزة استشعار الضغط. ويوفر Choregraphe وC ++ SDK لإنشاء وحركات التحرير والسلوكيات الروبوت التفاعلية. الهدف العام من هذه الطريقة هو إقامة صناعة تج التجريبي القائم على SSVEPDURE من خلال دمج برامج متعددة، مثل OpenViBE، Choregraph، والبرمجيات المركزي وكذلك برامج المستخدم وضعت مكتوب في C ++ وMATLAB، لتمكين دراسة تفاعل الدماغ الروبوت مع الروبوتات الروبوت 11 الشكل 1 يبين هيكل النظام. يعرض الكمبيوتر عرض الحوافز مخصص (SPC) واجهة المستخدم لتقديم هذا الموضوع مع المثيرات البصرية والتعليمات والاصداء البيئية. الكمبيوتر معالجة البيانات المخصص (DPC) يعمل على تسجيل بيانات ومحلل بيانات دون اتصال في عملية التدريب حاليا، ويتم تشغيل المعالج على الانترنت الإشارات والتحكم روبوت لمراقبة الإنترنت لالروبوت الروبوت. مقارنة مع النظم الأخرى التحكم على SSVEP، نظامنا هو أكثر موثوقية، وأكثر مرونة، وخصوصا أكثر ملاءمة لإعادة استخدامها وترقيتها كما يتم تطويره من خلال دمج عدد من حزم البرمجيات القياسية، مثل OpenViBE، Choregraph، البرامج المركزي، و وحدات مكتوب في C ++وMATLAB. وجرى استعراض الإجراء التالي والموافقة عليها من قبل الجامعة لجنة للأخلاقيات الطبية المستشفى العام تيانجين، وجميع المواد أعطى موافقة خطية.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="748">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:284px;">Cerebus EEG Data Acquisition System</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Blackrock Microsystems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4176-9967</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:284px;">NAO humanoid robot</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Aldebaran Robotics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:284px;">EEG cap</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Neuroscan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:284px;">Ten20 Conductive gel</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Weaver and company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10-20-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ssvep-based experimental procedure for brain-robot interaction with humanoid robots

Brain-Robot Interaction (BRI), which provides an innovative communication pathway between human and a robotic device via brain signals, is prospective in helping the disabled in their daily lives. The overall goal of our method is to establish an SSVEP-based experimental procedure by integrating multiple software programs, such as OpenViBE, Choregraph, and Central software as well as user developed programs written in C++ and MATLAB, to enable the study of brain-robot interaction with humanoid robots.
This is achieved by first placing EEG electrodes on a human subject to measure the brain responses through an EEG data acquisition system. A user interface is used to elicit SSVEP responses and to display video feedback in the closed-loop control experiments. The second step is to record the EEG signals of first-time subjects, to analyze their SSVEP features offline, and to train the classifier for each subject. Next, the Online Signal Processor and the Robot Controller are configured for the online control of a humanoid robot. As the final step, the subject completes three specific closed-loop control experiments within different environments to evaluate the brain-robot interaction performance.
The advantage of this approach is its reliability and flexibility because it is developed by integrating multiple software programs. The results show that using this approach, the subject is capable of interacting with the humanoid robot via brain signals. This allows the mind-controlled humanoid robot to perform typical tasks that are popular in robotic research and are helpful in assisting the disabled.

تم الحصول على النتائج المقدمة هنا من موضوع الذكور بعد أن لتصحيح-إلى وضعها الطبيعي الإصدار. ويبين الشكل 7 إجراءات معالجة البيانات EEG، بما في ذلك استخراج حقبة بيانات متعددة القنوات (الشكل 7A)، وتصفية مكانيا البيانات باستخدام...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about SSVEP-based Experimental Procedure for Brain-Robot Interaction with Humanoid Robots at JoVE.com

SSVEP-based Experimental Procedure for Brain-Robot Interaction with Humanoid Robots

The overall goal of this method is to establish an SSVEP-based experimental procedure by integrating multiple software programs to enable the study of brain-robot interaction with humanoid robots, which is prospective in assisting the sick and elderly as well as performing unsanitary or dangerous jobs.

SSVEP القائم على الإجراءات التجريبية للدماغ روبوت التفاعل مع مواصفات البشر الروبوتات

Brain-Robot Interaction (BRI), which provides an innovative communication pathway between human and a robotic device via brain signals, is prospective in ...

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13.0K Views.  Tianjin University. The overall goal of this method is to establish an SSVEP-based experimental procedure by integrating multiple software programs to enable the study of brain-robot interaction with humanoid robots, which is prospective in assisting the sick and elderly as well as performing unsanitary or dangerous jobs.

Video: SSVEP-based Experimental Procedure for Brain-Robot Interaction with Humanoid Robots

Experimental Procedure for Warm Spinning of Cast Aluminum Components

High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to improve material properties. With a wide array of processing parameters which can affect both the shape attained and resulting material properties, this type of processing is notoriously difficult to commission. A simplified, light-duty version of the process has been designed and implemented for full-size automotive wheels. The apparatus is intended to assist in understanding the deformation mechanisms and the material response to this type of processing. An experimental protocol has been developed to prepare for, and subsequently perform forming trials and is described for as-cast A356 wheel blanks. The thermal profile attained, along with instrumentation details are provided. Similitude with full-scale forming operations which impart significantly more deformation at faster rates is discussed.

An experimental protocol for instrumented warm rotary forming of cast aluminum alloys employing a bespoke industrially scaled apparatus is presented. Experimental considerations including thermal and mechanical effects are discussed, as well as similitude with full-scale processing of automotive wheels.

الإجراءات التجريبية للغزل دافئ من مكونات الألومنيوم المصبوب

High performance, cast aluminum automotive wheels are increasingly being incrementally formed via flow forming/metal spinning at elevated temperatures to ...

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Ions trapped in a quadrupole Paul trap have been considered one of the strong physical candidates to implement quantum information processing. This is due to their long coherence time and their capability to manipulate and detect individual quantum bits (qubits). In more recent years, microfabricated surface ion traps have received more attention for large-scale integrated qubit platforms. This paper presents a microfabrication methodology for ion traps using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology, including the fabrication method for a 14 &#181;m-thick dielectric layer and metal overhang structures atop the dielectric layer. In addition, an experimental procedure for trapping ytterbium (Yb) ions of isotope 174 (174Yb+) using 369.5 nm, 399 nm, and 935 nm diode lasers is described. These methodologies and procedures involve many scientific and engineering disciplines, and this paper first presents the detailed experimental procedures. The methods discussed in this paper can easily be extended to the trapping of Yb ions of isotope 171 (171Yb+) and to the manipulation of qubits.

This paper presents a microfabrication methodology for surface ion traps, as well as a detailed experimental procedure for trapping ytterbium ions in a room-temperature environment.

طرق تجريبية لمحاصرة الأيونات باستخدام ميكروفابريكاتيد السطحية الفخاخ أيون

Ions trapped in a quadrupole Paul trap have been considered one of the strong physical candidates to implement quantum information processing. This is due ...

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

The goal of this protocol is to present how to perform spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with polarization-variable 7-eV laser (laser-SARPES), and demonstrate a power of this technique for studying solid state physics. Laser-SARPES achieves two great capabilities. Firstly, by examining orbital selection rule of linearly polarized lasers, orbital selective excitation can be carried out in SAPRES experiment. Secondly, the technique can show full information of a variation of the spin quantum axis as a function of the light polarization. To demonstrate the power of the collaboration of these capabilities in laser-SARPES, we apply this technique for the investigations of spin-orbit coupled surface states of Bi2Se3. This technique affords to decompose spin and orbital components from the spin-orbit coupled wavefunctions. Moreover, as a representative advantage of using the direct spin detection collaborated with the polarization-variable laser, the technique unambiguously visualizes the light polarization dependence of the spin quantum axis in three-dimension. Laser-SARPES dramatically increases a capability of photoemission technique.

Here, we combine polarization-variable 7-eV laser with spin- and angle-resolved photoemission technique to visualize the spin-orbital coupling effect in solid states.

طرق تجريبية للدوران وزاوية حل فوتوميشن التحليل الطيفي جنبا إلى جنب مع الليزر الاستقطاب-متغير

The goal of this protocol is to present how to perform spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with polarization-variable 7-eV laser ...

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

A new method for the simultaneous study of the flammability and burning efficiency of fresh and weathered crude oil through two experimental laboratory setups is presented. The experiments are easily repeatable compared to operational scale experiments (pool diameter &#8805;2 m), while still featuring quite realistic in situ burning conditions of crude oil on water. Experimental conditions include a flowing water sub-layer that cools the oil slick and an external heat flux (up to 50 kW/m2) that simulates the higher heat feedback to the fuel surface in operational scale crude oil pool fires. These conditions enable a controlled laboratory study of the burning efficiency of crude oil pool fires that are equivalent to operational scale experiments. The method also provides quantitative data on the requirements for igniting crude oils in terms of the critical heat flux, ignition delay time as a function of the incident heat flux, the surface temperature upon ignition, and the thermal inertia. This type of data can be used to determine the required strength and duration of an ignition source to ignite a certain type of fresh or weathered crude oil. The main limitation of the method is that the cooling effect of the flowing water sub-layer on the burning crude oil as a function of the external heat flux has not been fully quantified. Experimental results clearly showed that the flowing water sub-layer does improve how representative this setup is of in situ burning conditions, but to what extent this representation is accurate is currently uncertain. The method nevertheless features the most realistic in situ burning laboratory conditions currently available for simultaneously studying the flammability and burning efficiency of crude oil on water.

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

Here, we present a protocol to simultaneously study the flammability and burning efficiency of fresh and weathered crude oil under conditions that simulate in situ burning operations on the sea.

الإجراء التجريبي للدراسات المختبرية لحرق في الموقع : القابلية للاشتعال وكفاءة حرق النفط الخام

A new method for the simultaneous study of the flammability and burning efficiency of fresh and weathered crude oil through two experimental laboratory ...

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Reduction of threading dislocation density (TDD) in epitaxial germanium (Ge) on silicon (Si) has been one of the most important challenges for the realization of monolithically integrated photonics circuits. The present paper describes methods of theoretical calculation and experimental verification of a novel model for the reduction of TDD. The method of theoretical calculation describes the bending of threading dislocations (TDs) based on the interaction of TDs and non-planar growth surfaces of selective epitaxial growth (SEG) in terms of dislocation image force. The calculation reveals that the presence of voids on SiO2 masks help to reduce TDD. Experimental verification is described by germanium (Ge) SEG, using an ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition method and TD observations of the grown Ge via etching and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM). It is strongly suggested that the TDD reduction would be due to the presence of semicylindrical voids over the SiO2 SEG masks and growth temperature. For experimental verification, epitaxial Ge layers with semicylindrical voids are formed as the result of SEG of Ge layers and their coalescence. The experimentally obtained TDDs reproduce the calculated TDDs based on the theoretical model. Cross-sectional TEM observations reveal that both the termination and generation of TDs occur at semicylindrical voids. Plan-view TEM observations reveal a unique behavior of TDs in Ge with semicylindrical voids (i.e., TDs are bent to be parallel to the SEG masks and the Si substrate).

Theoretical calculation and experimental verification are proposed for a reduction of threading dislocation (TD) density in germanium epitaxial layers with semicylindrical voids on silicon. Calculations based on the interaction of TDs and surface via image force, TD measurements, and transmission electron microscope observations of TDs are presented.

الحساب النظري والتحقق التجريبي لتقليل الخلع في طبقات الجرمانيوم فوق المحورية مع فراغات نصف أسطوانية على السيليكون

Reduction of threading dislocation density (TDD) in epitaxial germanium (Ge) on silicon (Si) has been one of the most important challenges for the ...

Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support substrates. Accomplishing this transfer in a highly controlled, mechanized, and reproducible manner can eliminate the creation of macroscale defect structures (e.g., tears, cracks, and wrinkles) within the thin film that compromise device performance and the usable area per sample. Here, we describe a general protocol for the highly controlled and mechanized transfer of a polymeric thin film onto an arbitrary porous support substrate for eventual use as a water filtration membrane device. Specifically, we fabricate a block copolymer (BCP) thin film on top of a sacrificial, water-soluble poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer and silicon wafer substrate. We then utilize a custom-designed, 3D-printed transfer tool and drain chamber system to deposit, lift-off, and transfer the BCP thin film onto the center of a porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) support disc. The transferred BCP thin film is shown to be consistently placed onto the center of the support surface due to the guidance of the meniscus formed between the water and the 3D-printed plastic drain chamber. We also compare our mechanized transfer-processed thin films to those that have been transferred by hand with the use of tweezers. Optical inspection and image analysis of the transferred thin films from the mechanized process confirm that little-to-no macroscale inhomogeneities or plastic deformations are produced, as compared to the multitude of tears and wrinkles produced from manual transfer by hand. Our results suggest that the proposed strategy for thin film transfer can reduce defects when compared to other methods across many systems and applications.

We present a procedure for highly controlled and wrinkle-free transfer of block copolymer thin films onto porous support substrates using a 3D-printed drain chamber. The drain chamber design is of general relevance to all procedures involving transfer of macromolecular films onto porous substrates, which is normally done by hand in an irreproducible fashion.

إجراءات نقل أفلام البوليمر إلى ركائز مسامية مع عيوب أقل

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support ...

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with an ultrathin form factor using a heat press and a laser cutter machine. The method starts with the lamination of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets using a heat press for 10 min at the temperature of ~93 &#176;C. Next, the parameters of the laser cutter machine are optimized to produce a rectangular balloon with maximum burst pressure. Using the optimized parameters, the soft actuators are laser cut/welded three times sequentially. Next, a dispensing needle is attached to the actuator, allowing it to be inflated. The effect of geometrical parameters on the deflection of the actuator are studied systematically by varying the channel width and length. Finally, the performance of the actuator is characterized using an optical camera and a fluid dispenser. Conventional fabrication methods of soft pneumatic actuators based on silicone molding are time consuming (several hours). They also result in strong but bulky actuators, which limits the actuator&#8217;s applications. Moreover, microfabrication of thin pneumatic actuators is both time-consuming and expensive. The proposed manufacturing method in the current work resolves these issues by introducing a fast, simple, and cost-effective fabrication method of ultrathin pneumatic actuators.

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with a thin form factor. The fabrication method starts with lamination of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets followed by laser cutting/welding of a two-dimensional pattern to form actuators and robots.

التصنيع السريع من المشغلات الهوائية لينه رقيقه والروبوتات

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with an ultrathin form factor using a heat press and a ...

Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method

Quantitatively determining the Chladni pattern of an elastic plate is of great interest in both physical science and engineering applications. In this paper, a method of measuring mode shapes of a vibrating plate based on an optical lever method is proposed. Three circular acrylic plates were employed in the measurement under different center harmonic excitations. Different from a traditional method, only an ordinary laser pen and a light screen made of ground glass are employed in this novel approach. The approach is as follows: the laser pen projects a beam to the vibrating plate perpendicularly, and then the beam is reflected to the light screen in the distance, on which a line segment made of the reflected spot is formed. Due to the principle of vision persistence, the light spot could be read as a bright straight line. The relationship between the slope of the mode shape, length of the light spot and the distance of the vibrating plate and the light screen can be obtained with algebraic operations. Then the mode shape can be determined by integrating the slope distribution with suitable boundary conditions. The full-field mode shapes of Chladni plate could also be determined further in such a simple way.

A simple method of measuring the Chladni mode shape on an elastic plate by the principle of an optical lever is proposed.

قياس أشكال وضع Chladni باستخدام طريقة ذراع بصرية

Quantitatively determining the Chladni pattern of an elastic plate is of great interest in both physical science and engineering applications. In this ...

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Described is an experimental procedure that enables high-power laser irradiation of microfabricated targets. Targets are brought to the laser focus by a closed feedback loop that operates between the target manipulator and a ranging sensor. The target fabrication process is explained in detail. Representative results of MeV-level proton beams generated by irradiation of 600 nm thick gold foils at a rate of 0.2 Hz are given. The method is compared with other replenishable target systems and the prospects of increasing the shot rates to above 10 Hz are discussed.

A protocol is presented for automated irradiation of thin gold foils with high intensity laser pulses. The protocol includes a step-by-step description of the micromachining target fabrication process and a detailed guide for how targets are brought to the laser&#39;s focus at a rate of 0.2 Hz.

التسليم الآلي لأهداف Microfabricated لتجارب مكثفة بالليزر

Described is an experimental procedure that enables high-power laser irradiation of microfabricated targets. Targets are brought to the laser focus by a ...

Treating Surfaces with a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma using the COST-Jet

In recent years, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas have been used extensively for surface treatments, in particular, due to their potential in biological applications. However, the scientific results often suffer from reproducibility problems due to unreliable plasma conditions as well as complex treatment procedures. To address this issue and provide a stable and reproducible plasma source, the COST-Jet reference source was developed.
In this work, we propose a detailed protocol to perform reliable and reproducible surface treatments using the COST reference microplasma jet (COST-Jet). Common issues and pitfalls are discussed, as well as the peculiarities of the COST-Jet compared to other devices and its advantageous remote character. A detailed description of both solid and liquid surface treatment is provided. The described methods are versatile and can be adapted for other types of atmospheric pressure plasma devices.

This protocol is presented to characterize the setup, handling, and application of the COST-Jet for the treatment of diverse surfaces such as solids and liquids.

معالجة الأسطح ببلازما الضغط الجوي الباردة باستخدام COST-Jet

In recent years, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas have been used extensively for surface treatments, in particular, due to their potential in ...