وأيد العمل الموصوف في هذه الورقة من خلال منحة من صندوق CII-HK / PolyU الابتكار. وقدمت المزيد من الدعم من قبل خطة شنتشن الطاووس (KQTD2015071616442225) والحكومة الصينية &quot;ألف المواهب&quot; برنامج (Y62HB31601). أيضا، وأعرب عن تقديره للمساعدة من قسم الأحياء التطبيقية والتكنولوجيا الكيميائية من جامعة هونغ كونغ للفنون التطبيقية ومعهد هونغ كونغ جامعة البوليتكنيك لبحوث التنمية الحضرية المستدامة (RISUD).

1. المعالجة المسبقة للHGM <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ضع HGM في كوب 500 مل مع 200 مل من الكحول المطلق. كثافة منخفضة من دون انقطاع HGM يؤدي إلى تعليق في الكحول، ولكن لأن كثافة من كسر HGM أكبر من ذلك من الكحول، فإنه يترسب في الحل. بعد 30 دقيقة، وجمع HGM مع وقف التنفيذ باستخدام ملعقة نظيفة وجافة في 80 ° C في الفرن لمزيد من التطبيق. </li></ol> 2. تجميع MCHGM <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ضع 5 غرام من دون انقطاع HGM، 47.5 مل من الايثانول، و 2.5 مل من الماء DI في قارورة ثلاثة العنق. يحرك باستخدام محرك خلط في 400 دورة / دقيقة لمدة 20 دقيقة (قبل الاختلاط). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> خلط 15 غراما من TBT، 1 غرام من PFOTES، و 30 مل من الكحول المطلق في كوب 200 مل. صب الخليط في قمع الضغط المستمر. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إدراج قمع الضغط المستمر في واحدة من الثقوب القارورة ثلاثة العنق. إسقاط خليط الواردة في قمع الضغط المستمر في قارورة ثلاثة العنق، بسرعة1 قطرة في 7 ق، الذي يتحقق عن طريق ضبط صمام للقمع الضغط المستمر. تواصل التفاعل لمدة 3 ساعات. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يصب الخليط من القارورة ثلاثة العنق، إلى مفاعل المائية. وضع مفاعل مختومة في كم الصلب مناسبة في C فرن 180 درجة لمدة 6 ساعات. ملاحظة: تأكد من أن المفاعل لديه غطاء مناسب. بعد تغطيتها، ووضع المفاعل في الأكمام الصلب. وينبغي أيضا أن تكون مختومة الأكمام مع غطاء. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> بعد رد الفعل هو أكثر، وجمع العينات علقت في المفاعل الحراري المائي باستخدام ملعقة كبيرة. تجفيف العينات في 80 درجة مئوية لمدة 4 ساعات للحصول على MCHGM. </li></ol> 3. توليف F-SCHGM <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إضافة 5 غرام من دون انقطاع HGM، 47.5 مل من الايثانول المطلق، و 2.5 مل من الماء DI إلى قارورة ثلاثة العنق. يحرك باستخدام محرك خلط في 400 دورة / دقيقة لمدة 20 دقيقة (قبل الاختلاط). مزيج 1 غرام من PFOTES و 30 مل من الايثانول المطلق في كوب 200 مل. نقل PFOTES والبريد المطلقthanol الخليط لقمع الضغط المستمر. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إدراج قمع الضغط المستمر في قارورة ثلاثة العنق. إسقاط خليط الواردة في قمع الضغط المستمر في قارورة ثلاثة العنق، بسرعة 1 قطرة في 7 ق. دع رد فعل تشغيل لمدة 3 ساعات. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> نقل خليط من القارورة ثلاثة العنق لمفاعل المائية. وضع مفاعل مختومة في C فرن 180 درجة لمدة 6 ساعات. بعد رد الفعل هو أكثر، وجمع العينات علقت في المفاعل الحراري المائي باستخدام ملعقة كبيرة. تجفيف العينات في 80 درجة مئوية لمدة 4 ساعات للحصول F-SCHGM. </li></ol> 4. توليف تي SCHGM <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ضع 5 غرام من دون انقطاع HGM، 47.5 مل من الايثانول المطلق، و 2.5 مل من الماء DI في قارورة ثلاثة العنق. إثارة في 400 دورة / دقيقة لمدة 20 دقيقة (قبل الاختلاط). خلط 15 غراما من TBT و 30 مل من الايثانول المطلق في كوب 200 مل. نقل TBT وخليط الايثانول المطلق لقمع الضغط المستمر. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إدراج-بريه ثابتةتأكد قمع في قارورة ثلاثة العنق. إسقاط الخليط في قمع الضغط المستمر في قارورة ثلاثة العنق، بسرعة 1 قطرة في 7 ق. دع رد فعل تشغيل لمدة 3 ساعات. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> نقل خليط من القارورة ثلاثة العنق لمفاعل المائية. وضع مفاعل مختومة في C فرن 180 درجة لمدة 6 ساعات. جمع العينات في المفاعل الحراري المائي بعد رد الفعل قد انتهى. تجفيف العينات في 80 درجة مئوية لمدة 4 ساعات للحصول على تي-SCHGM. </li></ol> 5.، توصيف <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إجراء الأوصاف XRD على جميع العينات. جمع البيانات باستخدام، متعددة الأغراض نظام حيود الأشعة السينية تنوعا للغاية مع الإشعاع النحاس Kα (λ = 0.15406 نانومتر) و2θ تتراوح بين 10 درجة إلى 80 درجة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> الحصول على المسح المجهر 20، 21 الصور بعد رش العينات مع الذهب. وخلال الاختبارات SEM، إجراء EDS على منطقة معينة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قياسزاوية الأتصال باستخدام مقياس الزوايا اتصال الزاوية 22؛ يجب أن يكون حجم قطرة الماء 10 ميكرولتر. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قياس زاوية انزلاق 23 عن طريق تغيير زاوية ميل السطح. تقليل زاوية حتى قطرة الماء يمكن أن تنزلق للتو الى اسفل. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> عصا الشريط على الوجهين على ورقة الزجاج (الحجم: 26 مم × 76 مم × 2 مم). باستخدام ملعقة، موحد وضع مساحيق (F-SCHGM أو MCHGM) على الشريط. باستخدام محقن، إضافة قطرة ماء (حجم: 0.05 مل) على سطح مسحوق. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وضع ورقة الزجاج على منصة المحرك لمقياس الزوايا اتصال الزاوية. إمالة الورقة الزجاج بالانحناء منصة المحرك بمعدل 1 ° / ثانية. وقف المحرك عندما يبدأ قطرة الماء إلى الشريحة. زاوية الميل هي زاوية انزلاق. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قياس أطياف انعكاسية باستخدام مطياف 24. ملاحظة: الطول الموجي من 450 نانومتر إلى 2550 نانومتر. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قياس التوصيل الحراري للجميع العيناتباستخدام متر الموصلية الحرارية 25. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Yung, K. C., Zhu, B. L., Yue, T. M., Xie, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+properties+of+hollow+glass+microsphere-filled+epoxy-matrix+composites.">Preparation and properties of hollow glass microsphere-filled epoxy-matrix composites.</a> Compos. Sci. Technol. 69 (2), 260-264 (2008).</li><li>Xu, N., Dai, J., Zhu, Z., Huang, X., Wu, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+characterization+of+hollow+glass-ceramics+microspheres.">Synthesis and characterization of hollow glass-ceramics microspheres.</a> Compos. Sci. Technol. 72 (4), 528-532 (2011).</li><li>Li, B., Yuan, J., An, Z., Zhang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+microstructure+and+physical+parameters+of+hollow+glass+microsphere+on+insulation+performance.">Effect of microstructure and physical parameters of hollow glass microsphere on insulation performance.</a> Mater. Lett. 65 (12), 1992-1994 (2011).</li><li>Hu, Y., Mei, R., An, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silicon+rubber/hollow+glass+microsphere+composites:+Influence+of+broken+hollow+glass+microsphere+on+mechanical+and+thermal+insulation+property.">Silicon rubber/hollow glass microsphere composites: Influence of broken hollow glass microsphere on mechanical and thermal insulation property.</a> Compos. Sci. Technol. 79, 64-69 (2013).</li><li>Geleil, A. S., Hall, M. M., Shelby, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hollow+glass+microspheres+for+use+in+radiation+shielding.">Hollow glass microspheres for use in radiation shielding.</a> J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 352, 620-625 (2006).</li><li>Khimiya. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Handbook of Fillers for Polymeric Composite Materials [Russian translation]. , (1981).</li><li>Greiner-Bar, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HoNe+Mikroglaskugeln.+Herstellung,+Eigenschaften+und+Anwendung.">HoNe Mikroglaskugeln. Herstellung, Eigenschaften und Anwendung.</a> Silikattechnik. 40 (1), 23-25 (1989).</li><li>Kool, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+storing+hydrogen,+and+related+articles+and+systems.">Method for storing hydrogen, and related articles and systems.</a> United States Patent. , (2010).</li><li>Brow, R. K., Schmitt, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+survey+of+energy+and+environmental+application+of+glass.">A survey of energy and environmental application of glass.</a> J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 29, 1193-1201 (2009).</li><li>Awaja, F., Arhatari, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=X-ray+Micro+Computed+Tomography+investigation+of+accelerated+thermal+degradation+of+epoxy+resin/glass+microsphere+syntactic+foam.">X-ray Micro Computed Tomography investigation of accelerated thermal degradation of epoxy resin/glass microsphere syntactic foam.</a> Composites Part A. 40 (8), 1217-1222 (2009).</li><li>Wang, S., Luo, R., Ni, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+characterization+of+resin-derived+carbon+foams+reinforced+by+hollow+ceramic+microspheres.">Preparation and characterization of resin-derived carbon foams reinforced by hollow ceramic microspheres.</a> Mater. Sci. Eng., A. 527 (15), 3392-3395 (2010).</li><li>Carp, O., Huisman, C. L., Reller, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoinduced+reactivity+of+titanium+dioxide.">Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide.</a> Prog. Solid State Chem. 32 (1), 33-177 (2004).</li><li>Fujishima, A., Rao, T. N., Tryk, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Titanium+dioxide+photocatalysis.">Titanium dioxide photocatalysis.</a> J. Photochem. Photobiol. C. 1 (1), 1-21 (2000).</li><li>Fujishima, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+photolysis+of+water+at+a+semiconductor+electrode.">Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode.</a> Nature. 238 (5358), 37-38 (1972).</li><li>Hoffmann, M. R., Martin, S. T., Choi, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+applications+of+semiconductor+photocatalysis.">Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis.</a> Chem. Rev. 95 (1), 69-96 (1995).</li><li>Chen, X., Mao, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Titanium+dioxide+nanomaterials:+synthesis,+properties,+modifications,+and+applications.">Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications.</a> Chem. Rev. 107 (7), 2891-2959 (2007).</li><li>Yuan, J., An, Z., Li, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Facile+aqueous+synthesis+and+thermal+insulating+properties+of+low-density+glass/TiO2+core/shell+composite+hollow+spheres.">Facile aqueous synthesis and thermal insulating properties of low-density glass/TiO2 core/shell composite hollow spheres.</a> Particuology. 10 (4), 475-479 (2012).</li><li>Yan, H., Yuanhao, W., Hongxing, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TEOS/silane+coupling+agent+composed+double+layers+structure:+A+novel+super-hydrophilic+coating+with+controllable+water+contact+angle+value.">TEOS/silane coupling agent composed double layers structure: A novel super-hydrophilic coating with controllable water contact angle value.</a> Appl. Energy. , (2015).</li><li>Wang, Y., Yang, H., Lu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+double+deck+meshlike+dye-sensitized+solar+cells.">Three-dimensional double deck meshlike dye-sensitized solar cells.</a> J. Appl. Phys. 108 (6), 064510 (2010).</li><li>Wang, Y., Yang, H., Xu, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA-like+dye-sensitized+solar+cells+based+on+TiO+2+nanowire-covered+nanotube+bilayer+film+electrodes.">DNA-like dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO 2 nanowire-covered nanotube bilayer film electrodes.</a> Mater. Lett. 64 (2), 164-166 (2010).</li><li>Wang, Y., Lu, L., Yang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+high+dispersed+TiO2+paste+for+transparent+screen-printable+self-cleaning+coatings+on+glass.">Development of high dispersed TiO2 paste for transparent screen-printable self-cleaning coatings on glass.</a> J. Nanopart. Res. 15 (1), 1-6 (2013).</li><li>Kwok, D. Y., Neumann, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contact+angle+measurement+and+contact+angle+interpretation.">Contact angle measurement and contact angle interpretation.</a> Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 81 (3), 167-249 (1999).</li><li>Pierce, E., Carmona, F. J., Amirfazli, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+of+sliding+and+contact+angle+results+in+tilted+plate+experiments.">Understanding of sliding and contact angle results in tilted plate experiments.</a> Colloids Surf., A. 323 (1), 73-82 (2008).</li><li>Kim, W. S., Kim, T. H., Kim, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microwave+dielectric+properties+and+far+infrared+reflectivity+spectra+of+the+(Zr0.+8Sn0.+2)+TiO4+ceramics+with+additives.">Microwave dielectric properties and far infrared reflectivity spectra of the (Zr0. 8Sn0. 2) TiO4 ceramics with additives.</a> Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 (9S), 5367 (1998).</li><li>Hasselman, D. P. H., Johnson, L. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effective+thermal+conductivity+of+composites+with+interfacial+thermal+barrier+resistance.">Effective thermal conductivity of composites with interfacial thermal barrier resistance.</a> J. Compos. Mater. 21 (6), 508-515 (1987).</li><li>Cassie, A. B. D., Baxter, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wettability+of+porous+surfaces.">Wettability of porous surfaces.</a> Trans. Faraday Soc. 40, 546-551 (1944).</li><li>Wenzel, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resistance+of+solid+surfaces+to+wetting+by+water.">Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water.</a> Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 28 (8), 988-994 (1936).</li><li>Shirtcliffe, N. J., McHale, G., Newton, M. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intrinsically+superhydrophobic+organosilica+sol-gel+foams.">Intrinsically superhydrophobic organosilica sol-gel foams.</a> Langmuir. 19 (14), 5626-5631 (2003).</li><li>Rothstein, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Slip+on+superhydrophobic+surfaces.">Slip on superhydrophobic surfaces.</a> Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 42, 89-109 (2010).</li><li>Rodo&#353;ek, M., Kreta, A., Gaber&#353;&#269;ek, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+situ+IR+reflection-absorption+and+in+situ+AFM+electrochemical+characterisation+of+the+1,+2-bis+(trimethoxysilyl)+ethane-based+protective+coating+on+AA+2024+alloy.">Ex situ IR reflection-absorption and in situ AFM electrochemical characterisation of the 1, 2-bis (trimethoxysilyl) ethane-based protective coating on AA 2024 alloy.</a> Corros. Sci. 102, 186-199 (2016).</li><li>Jiang, J., Zhang, J., Zhu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+pressure+studies+of+Ni+3[(C+2+H+5+N+5)+6+(H+2+O)+6](NO+3)+6·+1.5+H+2+O+by+Raman+scattering,+IR+absorption,+and+synchrotron+X-ray+diffraction.">High pressure studies of Ni 3[(C 2 H 5 N 5) 6 (H 2 O) 6](NO 3) 6· 1.5 H 2 O by Raman scattering, IR absorption, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction.</a> RSC Adv. 6 (69), 65031-65037 (2016).</li><li>Arukalam, I. O., Oguzie, E. E., Li, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+FDTS-modified+PDMS-ZnO+nanocomposite+hydrophobic+coating+with+anti-fouling+capability+for+corrosion+protection+of+Q235+steel.">Fabrication of FDTS-modified PDMS-ZnO nanocomposite hydrophobic coating with anti-fouling capability for corrosion protection of Q235 steel.</a> Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 484, 220-228 (2016).</li><li>Hou, W., Xiao, Y., Han, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serrated,+flexible+and+ultrathin+polyaniline+nanoribbons:+An+efficient+counter+electrode+for+the+dye-sensitized+solar+cell.">Serrated, flexible and ultrathin polyaniline nanoribbons: An efficient counter electrode for the dye-sensitized solar cell.</a> J. Power Sources. 322, 155-162 (2016).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

في هذا المخطوط، وخطوة حاسمة في البروتوكول هي عملية الحرارية المائية. أنه يؤثر على تشكيل تيو 2، وانعكاسية النهائي، وsuperhydrophobicity. التحكم في درجة الحرارة وفترة رد الفعل هي أيضا كبيرة جدا. إذا تغيرت ظروف التفاعل، والمنتجات النهائية يمكن أن تكون معيبة. <p class="jove_content"...

المجهرية الزجاج جوفاء (HGM) هي مواد غير عضوية تتراوح في حجمها 10-100 ميكرون. أن تثبت العديد من الخصائص المفيدة، مثل تشتت ممتازة، والقدرة تدفق عالية، ومنخفض الكثافة، ومتفوقة خصائص العزل الحراري 1، 2، 3، 4. بسبب هيكلها جوفاء، HGM لها الموصلية الحرارية المنخفضة جدا 10 و 11. لهذه الأسباب، يتم تطبيقها في العديد من المجالات، بما في ذلك هندسة الطيران 5 والتنقيب في أعماق البحار 6 و 7 و تخزين الهيدروجين 8 و 9، وما إلى ذلك، فإنها لا تزال تثبت بعض العيوب، مثل قوة منخفضة. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، ضوء الأشعة تحت الحمراء غير قادرة على نقل خلال HGM وتسخين هذا الموضوع وراءها. لذلكه، والتعديلات على سطح HGM ضرورية للحد من النقل الحراري الإشعاعي. وسيلة فعالة هو معطف مادة حاجبة الأشعة تحت الحمراء على سطح HGM. كما أشباه الموصلات، وقد استخدمت تيو 2 في العديد من المجالات، مثل الصور الحفز 12 و 13، وتطوير الخلايا الشمسية، وأجهزة الاستشعار تصنيع 14، والتطبيقات البيئية 15، وتخزين الطاقة 16. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإنه يظهر أيضا الابتعاثية منخفضة في الضوء المرئي والأشعة تحت الحمراء الفرقة 17 و 18 و 19. لذلك، لأغراضنا، كان تيو 2 مجموعة الحكيمة نظرا لانخفاض الاسعار نسبيا والأداء العالي. ومع ذلك، وطلاء من السهل جدا للملوثات كريهة، والذي يؤثر بشكل خطير على انعكاسية تيو 2. انعكاسية يجب أن تقلل تدريجيا. ولذلك، فإن قانون حالة الطوارئو تنظيف طلاء ضروري لمنع طلاء من قاذورات وإطالة وقت العمل من هذا الطلاء. في هذه المخطوطة، تم استخدام طريقة لينة الكيمياء لتطوير superhydrophobic تيو 2 المغلفة HGM. وقد تم اختيار رباعي بيوتيل تيتانات (TBT) و1H، 1H، 2H، 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) كمصدر تي وكيل superhydrophobic، على التوالي. وتحلل أنها وتترسب على سطح HGM. ثم، بعد عملية الحرارية المائية، والتيتانيوم Anatase تيو 2 تشكلت على سطح HGM، وظلت خصائص superhydrophobic. وعلى سبيل المقارنة، PFOTES واحد المغلفة HGM (F-SCHGM) وتيو 2 واحد المغلفة HGM (تي-SCHGM) تم تصنيعه أيضا. يظهر مخطط التوليف في الشكل 1.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="471">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:207px;">HGM</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">TBT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 5593-70-4</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ethyl Alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 64-17-5</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">PFOTES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 51851-37-7</td>
			<td align="right">98%</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tio2-coated hollow glass microspheres with superhydrophobic and high ir-reflective properties synthesized by a soft-chemistry method

وتقترح هذه المخطوطة طريقة لينة الكيمياء لتطوير المجهرية الزجاج جوفاء superhydrophobic ودرجة عالية من الأشعة تحت الحمراء للانعكاس (HGM). والمغلفة التيتانيوم Anatase تيو 2 وكيل superhydrophobic على سطح HGM في خطوة واحدة. وقد تم اختيار TBT وPFOTES كمصدر تي وكيل superhydrophobic، على التوالي. كانوا على حد سواء المغلفة على HGM، وبعد عملية الحرارية المائية، وتحول TBT إلى التيتانيوم Anatase تيو 2. في هذه الطريقة، PFOTES / تيو 2 المغلفة HGM (MCHGM) أعدت. وعلى سبيل المقارنة، PFOTES واحد المغلفة HGM (F-SCHGM) وتيو 2 واحد المغلفة HGM (تي-SCHGM) تم تصنيعه أيضا. وقد أظهرت PFOTES وتيو 2 الطلاء على السطح HGM من خلال حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD)، المجهر الإلكتروني (SEM)، وكاشف المشتتة للطاقة (EDS) الأوصاف. أظهرت MCHGM زاوية أعلى الاتصال (153 درجة) ولكن أقل انزلاق زاوية (16 درجة) من F-SCHGM، مع زاوية الاتصال 141.26؛ وانزلاق زاوية 67 درجة. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، عرض كل من تي-SCHGM وMCHGM القيم IR انعكاسية مماثلة، والتي كانت أعلى نحو 5.8٪ من HGM الأصلي وF-SCHGM. أيضا، وطلاء PFOTES بالكاد تغيرت التوصيل الحراري. ولذلك، F-SCHGM، مع التوصيل الحراري من 0.0479 W / (م · K)، وكان تماما مثل HGM الأصلي، الذي كان 0.0475 W / (م · K). كانت مشابهة أيضا MCHGM وتي SCHGM. كانت قيمهم الموصلية الحرارية 0.0543 W / (م · K) و0.0543 W / (م · K)، على التوالي. طلاء تيو 2 زيادة طفيفة الموصلية الحرارية، ولكن مع زيادة انعكاسية، تم تعزيز الملكية العزل الحراري بشكل عام. وأخيرا، منذ يتم توفير الملكية التي تعكس الأشعة تحت الحمراء عن طريق طلاء HGM، إذا تم عرقلة طلاء، يقلل من انعكاسية. لذلك، مع طلاء superhydrophobic، وحماية السطح من قاذورات، والتي تستغرق من عمر البطارية أيضا.

الاختبارات في الخطوة 4.4 تكشف العديد من الميزات والخصائص من العينات. وXRD (الشكل 2) يعكس تشكيل التيتانيوم Anatase تيو 2. وSEM (الشكل 3) وEDS (الشكل 4) عرض تيو 2 و PFOTES التي المغلفة على سطح HGM. زاوية الاتصال (الشكل 5) وال?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method at JoVE.com

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

تيو<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; المغلفة زجاج مجوف الجزئي مع خصائص Superhydrophobic العالية والأشعة تحت الحمراء للانعكاس تجميعي بطريقة لينة الكيمياء

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

tio2-coated-hollow-glass-microspheres-with-superhydrophobic-high-ir

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

10.0K Views.  City University of Hong Kong. This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

Video: TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, 1,4-benzene-bis(iminoguanidinium) (BBIG), is demonstrated. The ligand is synthesized as the chloride salt (BBIG-Cl) by in situ imine condensation of terephthalaldehyde with aminoguanidinium chloride in water, followed by crystallization as the sulfate salt (BBIG-SO4). Alternatively, BBIG-Cl is synthesized ex situ in larger scale from ethanol. The sulfate separation ability of the BBIG ligand is demonstrated by selective and quantitative crystallization of sulfate from seawater. The ligand can be recycled by neutralization of BBIG-SO4 with aqueous NaOH and crystallization of the neutral bis-iminoguanidine, which can be converted back into BBIG-Cl with aqueous HCl and reused in another separation cycle. Finally, 35S-labeled sulfate and &#946; liquid scintillation counting are employed for monitoring the sulfate concentration in solution. Overall, this protocol will instruct the user in the necessary skills to synthesize a ligand, employ it in the selective crystallization of sulfate from aqueous solutions, and quantify the separation efficiency.

A protocol for in situ aqueous synthesis of a bis(iminoguanidinium) ligand and its utilization in selective separation of sulfate is presented.

فصل كبريتات التي كتبها الانتقائية تبلور مع يجند مكرر iminoguanidinium

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe aims at lowering the band gap of imogolite, an insulator with the chemical formula (OH)3Al2O3SiOH, and at modifying its adsorption properties towards azo-dyes, an important class of organic pollutants of both wastewater and groundwater.
Fe-doped nanotubes are obtained in two ways: by direct synthesis, where FeCl3 is added to an aqueous mixture of the Si and Al precursors, and by post-synthesis loading, where preformed nanotubes are put in contact with a FeCl3&#8226;6H2O aqueous solution. In both synthesis methods, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ occurs, preserving the nanotube structure. Isomorphic substitution is indeed limited to a mass fraction of ~1.0% Fe, since at a higher Fe content (i.e., a mass fraction of 1.4% Fe), Fe2O3 clusters form, especially when the loading procedure is adopted. The physicochemical properties of the materials are studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms at -196 &#176;C, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, and &#950;-potential measurements. The most relevant result is the possibility to replace Al3+ ions (located on the outer surface of the nanotubes) by post-synthesis loading on preformed imogolite without perturbing the delicate hydrolysis equilibria occurring during nanotube formation. During the loading procedure, an anionic exchange occurs, where Al3+ ions on the outer surface of the nanotubes are replaced by Fe3+ ions. In Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ is found to affect the band gap of doped imogolite. Nonetheless, Fe3+ sites on the outer surface of nanotubes are able to coordinate organic moieties, like the azo-dye Acid Orange 7, through a ligand-displacement mechanism occurring in an aqueous solution.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize and characterize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes. The materials are obtained by either sol-gel synthesis upon addition of FeCl3&#8226;6H2O to the mixture containing the Si and Al precursors or by post-synthesis ionic exchange of preformed aluminosilicate nanotubes.

توليف وتوصيف مخدر الحديد ألومينوسيليكات الأنابيب النانوية مع خصائص موصل الكترون المحسن

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil quality, food flavoring, and human health. The biological activity of glucosinolates is released upon tissue damage, when they are mixed with the enzyme myrosinase. This results in the formation of pungent and toxic breakdown products, such as isothiocyanates and nitriles. Currently, more than 130 structurally different glucosinolates have been identified. The chemical structure of the glucosinolate is an important determinant of the product that is formed, which in turn determines its biological activity. The latter may range from detrimental (e.g., progoitrin) to beneficial (e.g., glucoraphanin). Each glucosinolate-containing plant species has its own specific glucosinolate profile. For this reason, it is important to correctly identify and reliably quantify the different glucosinolates present in brassicaceous leaf, seed, and root crops or, for ecological studies, in their wild relatives. Here, we present a well-validated, targeted, and robust method to analyze glucosinolate profiles in a wide range of plant species and plant organs. Intact glucosinolates are extracted from ground plant materials with a methanol-water mixture at high temperatures to disable myrosinase activity. Thereafter, the resulting extract is brought onto an ion-exchange column for purification. After sulfatase treatment, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted with water and the eluate is freeze-dried. The residue is taken up in an exact volume of water, which is analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) or ultraviolet (UV) detector. Detection and quantification are achieved by conducting comparisons of the retention times and UV spectra of commercial reference standards. The concentrations are calculated based on a sinigrin reference curve and well-established response factors. The advantages and disadvantages of this straightforward method, when compared to faster and more technologically advanced methods, are discussed here.

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC

Here, we describe in great detail an established and robust protocol for the extraction of glucosinolates from ground plant materials. After an on-column sulfatase treatment of the extracts, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

ومن الطرق المباشرة لGlucosinolate استخراج وتحليل مع الضغط العالي اللوني السائل (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil ...

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and related diseases, but their precise measurement is still a challenge. Many protocols have been described for neurotransmitter measurement by a variety of instruments, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are shortcomings, such as complicated operation or hard-to-detect multiple targets, which cannot be avoided, and presently, the dominant analysis technique is still HPLC coupled with sensitive electrochemical or fluorimetric detection, due to its high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the pretreatment and detection of catecholamines with high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) in real urine samples of infants, using electrospun composite nanofibers composed of polymeric crown ether with polystyrene as adsorbent, also known as the packed-fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) method. We show how urine samples can be easily precleaned by a nanofiber-packed solid phase column, and how the analytes in the sample can be rapidly enriched, desorbed, and detected on an ECD system. PFSPE greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures for biological samples, allowing for decreased time, expense, and reduction of the loss of targets. 
Overall, this work illustrates a simple and convenient protocol for solid-phase extraction coupled to an HPLC-ECD system for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)) and two of their metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) in infants' urine. The established protocol was applied to assess the differences of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites between high-risk infants with perinatal brain damage and healthy controls. Comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary MHPG between the two groups, indicating that the catecholamine metabolites may be an important candidate marker for early diagnosis of cases at risk for brain damage in infants.

We present a convenient solid-phase extraction coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters and two of their metabolites in infants' urine. We also identify the metabolite MHPG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of brain damage for infants.

طريقة مريحة لاستخراج وتحليل مع اللوني السائل عالي الضغط الكاتيكولامينات العصبية وعلى نواتج الأيض

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and ...

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) and fluorocarbon oil (perfluoro-n-octane, PFO) in aqueous surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) solutions. Since fluorocarbon oils are immiscible with hydrocarbon oils, the two oils are separated. Emulsions are prepared by stirring styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution mixtures at 80 &#176;C. The type of emulsions and the morphology of droplets in the emulsions are observed by light microscope and scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. It is found that oil droplets with Janus-type morphologies consisting of mutually immiscible styrene and PFO are formed in aqueous SDS solutions. Polystyrene particles are fabricated by radical polymerization of the ternary mixtures of styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution at 80 &#176;C. The morphologies of the polystyrene are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. These observations show the preparation of hollow polystyrene particles with a single hole on the surface. To our knowledge, this method is a novel strategy using the immiscibility of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. The hollow particles can also be applied to the preparation of microcapsules.

A protocol for the fabrication of hollow polymer particles and microcapsules by radical polymerization using emulsions consisting of styrene, perfluoro-n-octane, and aqueous SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) solution is presented.

إعداد جزيئات البوليستيرين جوفاء وكبسولات رقيقة جداً من بلمرة جذرية من قطرات يانوس تتكون من النفط والغاز والزيوت الفلوروكربون

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

تعديل أسلوب الترسيب الكيميائي لتوليف Nb2س5 محفزات النيكل الأكبر مع ارتفاع المساحة المحددة

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to diversify the fiber choices in the United States body armor market, copolymer fibers based on the combination of 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzimidazole (PBIA) and the more conventional PPTA were introduced. Little is known regarding the long-term stability of these fibers, but as condensation polymers, they are expected to have potential sensitivity to moisture and humidity. Therefore, characterizing the strength of the materials and understanding their vulnerability to environmental conditions is important for evaluating their use lifetime in safety applications. Ballistic resistance and other critical structural properties of these fibers are predicated on their strength. To accurately determine the strength of the individual fibers, it is necessary to disentangle them from the yarn without introducing any damage. Three aramid-based copolymer fibers were selected for the study. The fibers were washed with acetone followed by methanol to remove an organic coating that held the individual fibers in each yarn bundle together. This coating makes it difficult to separate single fibers from the yarn bundle for mechanical testing without damaging the fibers and affecting their strength. After washing, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on both washed and unwashed samples and the results were compared. This experiment has shown that there are no significant variations in the spectra of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide-co-p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PBIA-co-PPTA1) and PBIA-co-PPTA3 after washing, and only a small variation in intensity for PBIA. This indicates that the acetone and methanol rinses are not adversely affecting the fibers and causing chemical degradation. Additionally, single fiber tensile testing was performed on the washed fibers to characterize their initial tensile strength and strain to failure, and compare those to other reported values. Iterative procedural development was necessary to find a successful method for performing tensile testing on these fibers.

The primary goal of the study is to develop a protocol to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high strength copolymer aramid fibers, by removing a coating and disentangling the individual fiber strands without introducing significant chemical or physical degradation.

مقدر ألياف الاراميد كوبوليمر قوة عالية لتمكين تحديد خواصها الميكانيكية

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to ...

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) with a 4.6 nm pore size, and ordered silica porous matrix, SBA-15, with a 5.3 nm pore size. This work describes the surface properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the differently ordered porous materials with similar pore sizes. For this purpose, OMC and SBA-15 with highly ordered nanoporous structures are synthesized via impregnation of the silica matrix by applying a carbon precursor and by the sol-gel method, respectively. The porous structure of investigated systems is characterized by an N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To determine the electrochemical character of the surface of synthesized materials, potentiometric titration measurements are conducted; the obtained results for OMC shows a significant pHpzc shift toward the higher values of pH, relative to SBA-15. This suggests that investigated OMC has surface properties related to oxygen-based functional groups. To describe the surface properties of the materials, the contact angles of liquids penetrating the studied porous beds are also determined. The capillary rise method has confirmed the increased wettability of the silica walls relative to the carbon walls and an influence of the pore roughness on the fluid/wall interactions, which is much more pronounced for silica than for carbon mesopores. We have also studied the melting behavior of D2O confined in OMC and SBA-15 by applying the dielectric method. The results show that the depression of the melting temperature of D2O in the pores of OMC is about 15 K higher relative to the depression of the melting temperature in SBA-15 pores with a comparable 5 nm size. This is caused by the influence of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions of the studied matrices.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon (with a 4.6 nm pore size) and SBA-15 (with a 5.3 nm pore size). The work describes the surface and textural properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the materials.

خصائص سطح المركبة نانوبوروس الكربون ومصفوفات السليكا

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the emerging elegant procedures to obtain specific aromatic products rely on the lignin substrate having a high content of the readily cleavable &#946;-O-4 linkage as present in the native lignin structure. This provides a miss-match with typical technical lignins that are highly degraded and therefore are low in &#946;-O-4 linkages. Therefore, the extraction yields, and the quality of the obtained lignin are of utmost importance to access new lignin valorization pathways. In this manuscript, a simple protocol is presented to obtain lignins with high &#946;-O-4 content by relatively mild ethanol extraction that can be applied to different lignocellulose sources. Furthermore, analysis procedures to determine the quality of the lignins are presented together with a depolymerization protocol that yields specific phenolic 2-arylmethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, which can be used to evaluate the obtained lignins. The presented results demonstrate the link between lignin quality and potential for the lignins to be depolymerized into specific monomeric aromatic chemicals. Overall, the extraction and depolymerization demonstrates a trade-off between the lignin extraction yield and the retention of the native aryl-ether structure and thus the potential of the lignin to be used as the substrate for the production of chemicals for higher-value applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform ethanol extraction of lignin from several biomass sources. The effect of the extraction conditions on the lignin yield and &#946;-O-4 content are presented. Selective depolymerization is performed on the obtained lignins to obtain high aromatic monomer products.

استخراج اللجنين مع المحتوى العالي من β-س-4 استخراج الإيثانول معتدل وأثره على العائد ديبوليميريزيشن

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding disease that lacks effective treatment. We hypothesize that the cytotoxicity of the misfolded rhodopsin mutant can be alleviated by pharmacologically stabilizing the mutant rhodopsin protein. The P23H mutation, among the other Class II rhodopsin mutations, encodes a structurally unstable rhodopsin mutant protein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the wild type rhodopsin is transported to the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. We previously performed a luminescence-based high-throughput screen (HTS) and identified a group of pharmacological chaperones that rescued the transport of the P23H rhodopsin from ER to the plasma membrane. Here, using an immunostaining method followed by a high-content imaging analysis, we quantified the mutant rhodopsin protein amount in the whole cell and on the plasma membrane. This method is informative and effective to identify true hits from false positives following HTS. Additionally, the high-content image analysis enabled us to quantify multiple parameters from a single experiment to evaluate the pharmacological properties of each compound. Using this assay, we analyzed the effect of 11 different compounds towards six RP associated rhodopsin mutants, obtaining a 2-D pharmacological profile for a quantitative and qualitative understanding about the structural stability of these rhodopsin mutants and efficacy of different compounds towards these mutants.

Here, we described a high-content imaging method to quantify the transport of rhodopsin mutants associated with retinitis pigmentosa. A multiple-wavelength scoring analysis was used to quantify rhodopsin protein on the cell surface or in the whole cell.

مقايسة نقل رودوبسين بتحليل التصوير عالية-المحتوى

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding ...