Il lavoro descritto in questo documento è stato sostenuto da una sovvenzione da parte del Fondo per l&#39;Innovazione CII-HK / PolyU. Ulteriore supporto è stato fornito dal Piano di Shenzhen Pavone (KQTD2015071616442225) e il governo cinese programma &quot;Mille Talent&quot; (Y62HB31601). Inoltre, l&#39;aiuto da parte del Dipartimento di Biologia Applicata e Tecnologia Chimica del Politecnico di Hong Kong e l&#39;Istituto Politecnico di Hong Kong di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo Urbano Sostenibile (RISUD) è apprezzato.

1. Trattamento di HGM <ol><li> Posizionare il HGM in un bicchiere da 500 mL con 200 ml di alcool assoluto; la bassa densità di ininterrotta HGM induce a sospendere in alcool, ma perché la densità di rotture HGM è maggiore di quello dell&#39;alcool, precipita nella soluzione. Dopo 30 min, raccogliere il HGM sospesa con un cucchiaio pulito ed asciutto a 80 ° C in un forno per ulteriore applicazione. </li></ol> 2. Sintesi di MCHGM <ol><li> Porre 5 g di ininterrotta HGM, 47,5 mL di etanolo e 2,5 ml di acqua DI in un pallone a tre colli. Mescolare utilizzando un mescolatore a 400 giri / min per 20 min (premiscelazione). </li><li> Mescolare 15 g del TBT, 1 g di PFOTES, e 30 mL di alcol assoluto in un becher da 200 ml. Versare la miscela in un imbuto a pressione costante. </li><li> Inserire l&#39;imbuto a pressione costante in uno dei fori del pallone a tre colli. Goccia la miscela contenuta nell&#39;imbuto a pressione costante nel pallone a tre colli ad una velocità di1 goccia ogni 7 s, che si ottiene regolando la valvola dell&#39;imbuto pressione costante. Continuare la reazione per 3 ore. </li><li> Versare il composto dal pallone a tre colli in un reattore idrotermale. Mettere il reattore sigillato in un manicotto di acciaio adatto in un forno a 180 ° per 6 h. NOTA: Assicurarsi che il reattore ha una copertura adeguata. Dopo che è coperto, mettere il reattore nel manicotto di acciaio. Il manicotto deve essere sigillato con un coperchio. </li><li> Dopo che la reazione è terminata, raccogliere i campioni in sospensione nel reattore idrotermale con un grande cucchiaio. Essiccare i campioni a 80 ° C per 4 ore per ottenere MCHGM. </li></ol> 3. Sintesi di F-SCHGM <ol><li> Aggiungere 5 g di ininterrotta HGM, 47,5 mL di etanolo assoluto, e 2,5 ml di acqua DI ad un pallone a tre colli. Mescolare utilizzando un mescolatore a 400 giri / min per 20 min (premiscelazione). Mescolare 1 g di PFOTES e 30 mL di etanolo assoluto in un becher da 200 ml. Trasferire il PFOTES e assoluta emiscela thanol ad un imbuto a pressione costante. </li><li> Inserire l&#39;imbuto a pressione costante nel pallone a tre colli. Goccia la miscela contenuta nell&#39;imbuto a pressione costante nel pallone a tre colli ad una velocità di 1 goccia per 7 s. Lasciate che la reazione di una durata di 3 ore. </li><li> Trasferire il composto dal pallone a tre colli da un reattore idrotermale. Mettere il reattore sigillato in un forno a 180 ° per 6 h. Dopo che la reazione è terminata, raccogliere i campioni in sospensione nel reattore idrotermale con un grande cucchiaio. Essiccare i campioni a 80 ° C per 4 h per ottenere F-SCHGM. </li></ol> 4. Sintesi di Ti-SCHGM <ol><li> Porre 5 g di ininterrotta HGM, 47,5 mL di etanolo assoluto, e 2,5 mL di acqua deionizzata in un pallone a tre colli. Mescolare a 400 giri / min per 20 min (pre-miscelazione). Mescolare 15 g di OTC e 30 mL di etanolo assoluto in un becher da 200 ml. Trasferire il TBT e miscela di etanolo assoluto ad un imbuto a pressione costante. </li><li> Inserire le costanti-presAssicurarsi imbuto nel pallone a tre colli. Goccia la miscela nell&#39;imbuto a pressione costante nel pallone a tre colli ad una velocità di 1 goccia per 7 s. Lasciate che la reazione di una durata di 3 ore. </li><li> Trasferire il composto dal pallone a tre colli da un reattore idrotermale. Mettere il reattore sigillato in un forno a 180 ° per 6 h. Raccogliere i campioni nel reattore idrotermale dopo la reazione è terminata. Essiccare i campioni a 80 ° C per 4 h per ottenere Ti-SCHGM. </li></ol> 5. Caratterizzazioni <ol><li> Condurre caratterizzazioni XRD su tutti i campioni. Raccogliere i dati utilizzando un sistema polivalente diffrazione di raggi X è molto versatile con Cu Ka radiazioni (λ = 0,15,406 mila nm) e una 2θ che varia da 10 ° a 80 °. </li><li> Acquisire microscopio elettronico a scansione 20, 21 immagini dopo spruzzando i campioni con oro. Durante le prove SEM, conduce l&#39;EDS è su un&#39;area specifica. </li><li> misurare laangolo di contatto utilizzando un contatto angolo goniometro 22; il volume delle gocce d&#39;acqua dovrebbe essere di 10 microlitri. </li><li> Misurare l&#39;angolo di scivolamento 23 cambiando l&#39;angolo di inclinazione della superficie. Minimizzare l&#39;angolo finché la goccia d&#39;acqua può semplicemente scivolare giù. <ol><li> Bastone nastro biadesivo su una lastra di vetro (dimensioni: 26 mm x 76 mm x 2 mm). Usando un cucchiaio, posizionare uniformemente le polveri (F-SCHGM o MCHGM) sul nastro. Utilizzando un iniettore, aggiungere una goccia d&#39;acqua (volume: 0,05 mL) alla superficie della polvere. </li><li> Mettere la lastra di vetro sulla piattaforma del motore del goniometro contatto angolo. Inclinare la lastra di vetro inclinando la piattaforma motore a una velocità di 1 ° / s. Arrestare il motore quando la goccia d&#39;acqua inizia a scorrere; l&#39;angolo di inclinazione è l&#39;angolo di scorrimento. </li></ol></li><li> Misurare le spettri di riflettività utilizzando uno spettrofotometro 24. NOTA: La lunghezza d&#39;onda è da 450 nm a 2.550 nm. </li><li> Misurare la conducibilità termica di tutti i campioniutilizzando un misuratore di conducibilità termica 25. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

In questo manoscritto, il passo critico nel protocollo è il processo idrotermale. Essa influenza la formazione di TiO 2, la riflettività finale, e il superhydrophobicity. Il controllo della temperatura e tempo di reazione sono anche abbastanza significativi. Se le condizioni di reazione cambiano, i prodotti finali possono essere viziata. Questo metodo fornisce un modo semplice per sintetizzare superhydrophobic e altamente IR-riflettente HGM in un&#39;unica fase. Nella ricerca pr...

microsfere cave di vetro (HGM) sono materiali inorganici di dimensioni variabili da 10 a 100 um. Essi dimostrano molte caratteristiche utili, come dispersione eccellente, capacità di flusso elevata, bassa densità, e proprietà di isolamento termico superiori 1, 2, 3, 4. A causa della loro struttura cava, HGM ha una bassissima conducibilità termica 10, 11. Per queste ragioni, sono applicati in molti settori, tra cui aerospaziale 5, esplorazione altura 6, 7, 8 stoccaggio di idrogeno, 9, ecc Tuttavia, ancora mostrano alcuni svantaggi, come la bassa resistenza. Inoltre, la luce IR è in grado di trasmettere attraverso HGM e riscaldare il soggetto dietro. Perciòe, modificazioni superficiali su HGM sono essenziali per ridurre il trasferimento termico radiativo. Un metodo efficace è quello di rivestire un materiale IR-bloccanti sulla superficie HGM. Come un semiconduttore, TiO 2 è stato utilizzato in molti settori, come fotocatalisi 12, 13, sviluppo celle solari, sensore fabbricazione 14, applicazioni ambientali 15, e accumulo di energia 16. Inoltre, mostra anche a bassa emissività nel visibile e dell&#39;infrarosso 17, 18, 19. Pertanto, per i nostri scopi, TiO 2 era una selezione prudente a causa del suo prezzo relativamente basso e alto rendimento. Tuttavia, il rivestimento è abbastanza facile per gli inquinanti al fallo, che colpisce seriamente la riflettività di TiO2. La riflettività deve ridurre gradualmente. Pertanto, un self-pulizia rivestimento è essenziale per evitare che il rivestimento da incrostazioni e per prolungare il tempo di lavoro di un tale rivestimento. In questo manoscritto, un metodo soft-chimica è stata utilizzata per sviluppare superhydrophobic TiO2 Rivestiti HGM. Tetrabutil titanato (OTC) e 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTES) sono stati selezionati come sorgente Ti e agente superidrofobica, rispettivamente. Sono stati idrolizzati e depositate sulla superficie HGM. Poi, dopo il processo idrotermico, l&#39;anatasio TiO 2 formata sulla superficie HGM, e le proprietà superhydrophobic rimasto. Per confronto, PFOTES singolo rivestito HGM (F-SCHGM) e TiO 2 single-rivestito HGM (Ti-SCHGM) sono stati sintetizzati pure. Lo schema di sintesi è illustrato in Figura 1.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="471">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:207px;">HGM</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">TBT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 5593-70-4</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ethyl Alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 64-17-5</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">PFOTES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 51851-37-7</td>
			<td align="right">98%</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tio2-coated hollow glass microspheres with superhydrophobic and high ir-reflective properties synthesized by a soft-chemistry method

Questo manoscritto propone un metodo soft-chimica per sviluppare microsfere cave di vetro superhydrophobic e altamente IR-riflettenti (HGM). L&#39;anatasio TiO 2 ed un agente superhydrophobic sono state rivestite in superficie HGM in un unico passaggio. TBT e PFOTES stati selezionati come sorgente di Ti e l&#39;agente superidrofobica, rispettivamente. Entrambi sono stati rivestiti sulla HGM, e dopo il processo idrotermico, il TBT rivolto a anatasio TiO 2. In questo modo, un PFOTES / TiO 2 Rivestiti HGM (MCHGM) fu preparato. Per confronto, PFOTES singolo rivestito HGM (F-SCHGM) e TiO 2 single-rivestito HGM (Ti-SCHGM) sono stati sintetizzati pure. I PFOTES e TiO 2 rivestimenti sulla superficie HGM state dimostrate mediante diffrazione di raggi X (XRD), microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM), e caratterizzazioni rivelatore a dispersione di energia (EDS). Il MCHGM mostrato un maggiore angolo di contatto (153 °), ma un angolo inferiore scorrevole (16 °) rispetto F-SCHGM, con un angolo di contatto di 141,26; e un angolo di 67 ° scorrevole. Inoltre, sia Ti-SCHGM e MCHGM visualizzati valori IR riflettività simili, che erano superiori a circa il 5,8% rispetto all&#39;originale HGM e F-SCHGM. Inoltre, il rivestimento PFOTES appena cambiato la conducibilità termica. Pertanto, F-SCHGM, con una conducibilità termica di 0,0479 W / (m · K), era piuttosto come l&#39;originale HGM, che era 0,0475 W / (m · K). MCHGM e Ti-SCHGM erano anche simili. I loro valori di conducibilità termica erano 0,0543 W / (m · K) e 0,0543 W / (m · K), rispettivamente. Il rivestimento TiO 2 leggermente aumentato la conduttività termica, ma con l&#39;aumento della riflettività, la struttura complessiva isolamento termico è stata migliorata. Infine, poiché la proprietà IR-riflettente è fornita dal rivestimento HGM, se il rivestimento viene sporcata, la riflettività diminuisce. Pertanto, con il rivestimento superhydrophobic, la superficie è protetta da incrostazioni, e la sua durata è anche prolungato.

I test in fase 4.4 rivelano molte caratteristiche e proprietà dei campioni. La XRD (Figura 2) riflette la formazione di anatasio TiO 2. Il SEM (Figura 3) e EDS (Figura 4) visualizzare la TiO 2 e PFOTES che sono rivestite in superficie HGM. L&#39;angolo di contatto (figura 5) e l&#39;angolo di scorrimento (Figura 6) Test rappresentano la superhydrophobicity. Il test trasmittanza Vis...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method at JoVE.com

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

TiO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; Rivestiti microsfere cave di vetro con proprietà superidrofobiche e High IR-riflettenti sintetizzato da un metodo Soft-chimica

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

tio2-coated-hollow-glass-microspheres-with-superhydrophobic-high-ir

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JoVE Journal

Chemistry

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

10.0K Views.  City University of Hong Kong. This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

Video: TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, 1,4-benzene-bis(iminoguanidinium) (BBIG), is demonstrated. The ligand is synthesized as the chloride salt (BBIG-Cl) by in situ imine condensation of terephthalaldehyde with aminoguanidinium chloride in water, followed by crystallization as the sulfate salt (BBIG-SO4). Alternatively, BBIG-Cl is synthesized ex situ in larger scale from ethanol. The sulfate separation ability of the BBIG ligand is demonstrated by selective and quantitative crystallization of sulfate from seawater. The ligand can be recycled by neutralization of BBIG-SO4 with aqueous NaOH and crystallization of the neutral bis-iminoguanidine, which can be converted back into BBIG-Cl with aqueous HCl and reused in another separation cycle. Finally, 35S-labeled sulfate and &#946; liquid scintillation counting are employed for monitoring the sulfate concentration in solution. Overall, this protocol will instruct the user in the necessary skills to synthesize a ligand, employ it in the selective crystallization of sulfate from aqueous solutions, and quantify the separation efficiency.

A protocol for in situ aqueous synthesis of a bis(iminoguanidinium) ligand and its utilization in selective separation of sulfate is presented.

Separazione solfato da selettiva cristallizzazione con un legante bis-iminoguanidinium

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, ...

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Chimica

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe aims at lowering the band gap of imogolite, an insulator with the chemical formula (OH)3Al2O3SiOH, and at modifying its adsorption properties towards azo-dyes, an important class of organic pollutants of both wastewater and groundwater.
Fe-doped nanotubes are obtained in two ways: by direct synthesis, where FeCl3 is added to an aqueous mixture of the Si and Al precursors, and by post-synthesis loading, where preformed nanotubes are put in contact with a FeCl3&#8226;6H2O aqueous solution. In both synthesis methods, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ occurs, preserving the nanotube structure. Isomorphic substitution is indeed limited to a mass fraction of ~1.0% Fe, since at a higher Fe content (i.e., a mass fraction of 1.4% Fe), Fe2O3 clusters form, especially when the loading procedure is adopted. The physicochemical properties of the materials are studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms at -196 &#176;C, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, and &#950;-potential measurements. The most relevant result is the possibility to replace Al3+ ions (located on the outer surface of the nanotubes) by post-synthesis loading on preformed imogolite without perturbing the delicate hydrolysis equilibria occurring during nanotube formation. During the loading procedure, an anionic exchange occurs, where Al3+ ions on the outer surface of the nanotubes are replaced by Fe3+ ions. In Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ is found to affect the band gap of doped imogolite. Nonetheless, Fe3+ sites on the outer surface of nanotubes are able to coordinate organic moieties, like the azo-dye Acid Orange 7, through a ligand-displacement mechanism occurring in an aqueous solution.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize and characterize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes. The materials are obtained by either sol-gel synthesis upon addition of FeCl3&#8226;6H2O to the mixture containing the Si and Al precursors or by post-synthesis ionic exchange of preformed aluminosilicate nanotubes.

Sintesi e caratterizzazione di Fe-drogato Alluminosilicato nanotubi con una maggiore Electron proprietà conduttive

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil quality, food flavoring, and human health. The biological activity of glucosinolates is released upon tissue damage, when they are mixed with the enzyme myrosinase. This results in the formation of pungent and toxic breakdown products, such as isothiocyanates and nitriles. Currently, more than 130 structurally different glucosinolates have been identified. The chemical structure of the glucosinolate is an important determinant of the product that is formed, which in turn determines its biological activity. The latter may range from detrimental (e.g., progoitrin) to beneficial (e.g., glucoraphanin). Each glucosinolate-containing plant species has its own specific glucosinolate profile. For this reason, it is important to correctly identify and reliably quantify the different glucosinolates present in brassicaceous leaf, seed, and root crops or, for ecological studies, in their wild relatives. Here, we present a well-validated, targeted, and robust method to analyze glucosinolate profiles in a wide range of plant species and plant organs. Intact glucosinolates are extracted from ground plant materials with a methanol-water mixture at high temperatures to disable myrosinase activity. Thereafter, the resulting extract is brought onto an ion-exchange column for purification. After sulfatase treatment, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted with water and the eluate is freeze-dried. The residue is taken up in an exact volume of water, which is analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) or ultraviolet (UV) detector. Detection and quantification are achieved by conducting comparisons of the retention times and UV spectra of commercial reference standards. The concentrations are calculated based on a sinigrin reference curve and well-established response factors. The advantages and disadvantages of this straightforward method, when compared to faster and more technologically advanced methods, are discussed here.

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC

Here, we describe in great detail an established and robust protocol for the extraction of glucosinolates from ground plant materials. After an on-column sulfatase treatment of the extracts, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Un metodo semplice per glucosinolati estrazione e l&#39;analisi con alta pressione cromatografia liquida (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil ...

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and related diseases, but their precise measurement is still a challenge. Many protocols have been described for neurotransmitter measurement by a variety of instruments, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are shortcomings, such as complicated operation or hard-to-detect multiple targets, which cannot be avoided, and presently, the dominant analysis technique is still HPLC coupled with sensitive electrochemical or fluorimetric detection, due to its high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the pretreatment and detection of catecholamines with high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) in real urine samples of infants, using electrospun composite nanofibers composed of polymeric crown ether with polystyrene as adsorbent, also known as the packed-fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) method. We show how urine samples can be easily precleaned by a nanofiber-packed solid phase column, and how the analytes in the sample can be rapidly enriched, desorbed, and detected on an ECD system. PFSPE greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures for biological samples, allowing for decreased time, expense, and reduction of the loss of targets. 
Overall, this work illustrates a simple and convenient protocol for solid-phase extraction coupled to an HPLC-ECD system for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)) and two of their metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) in infants' urine. The established protocol was applied to assess the differences of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites between high-risk infants with perinatal brain damage and healthy controls. Comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary MHPG between the two groups, indicating that the catecholamine metabolites may be an important candidate marker for early diagnosis of cases at risk for brain damage in infants.

We present a convenient solid-phase extraction coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters and two of their metabolites in infants' urine. We also identify the metabolite MHPG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of brain damage for infants.

Un metodo pratico per estrazione ed analisi con cromatografia liquida dei neurotrasmettitori della catecolamina e loro metaboliti

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and ...

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) and fluorocarbon oil (perfluoro-n-octane, PFO) in aqueous surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) solutions. Since fluorocarbon oils are immiscible with hydrocarbon oils, the two oils are separated. Emulsions are prepared by stirring styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution mixtures at 80 &#176;C. The type of emulsions and the morphology of droplets in the emulsions are observed by light microscope and scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. It is found that oil droplets with Janus-type morphologies consisting of mutually immiscible styrene and PFO are formed in aqueous SDS solutions. Polystyrene particles are fabricated by radical polymerization of the ternary mixtures of styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution at 80 &#176;C. The morphologies of the polystyrene are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. These observations show the preparation of hollow polystyrene particles with a single hole on the surface. To our knowledge, this method is a novel strategy using the immiscibility of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. The hollow particles can also be applied to the preparation of microcapsules.

A protocol for the fabrication of hollow polymer particles and microcapsules by radical polymerization using emulsions consisting of styrene, perfluoro-n-octane, and aqueous SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) solution is presented.

Preparazione di Cave particelle di polistirene e microcapsule tramite polimerizzazione radicale di goccioline di Janus composto da idrocarburi e oli Fluorocarbon

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

Modificare il metodo di precipitazione chimica per la sintesi di Nb2O5 catalizzatori di nichel Bulk con elevata superficie specifica

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to diversify the fiber choices in the United States body armor market, copolymer fibers based on the combination of 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzimidazole (PBIA) and the more conventional PPTA were introduced. Little is known regarding the long-term stability of these fibers, but as condensation polymers, they are expected to have potential sensitivity to moisture and humidity. Therefore, characterizing the strength of the materials and understanding their vulnerability to environmental conditions is important for evaluating their use lifetime in safety applications. Ballistic resistance and other critical structural properties of these fibers are predicated on their strength. To accurately determine the strength of the individual fibers, it is necessary to disentangle them from the yarn without introducing any damage. Three aramid-based copolymer fibers were selected for the study. The fibers were washed with acetone followed by methanol to remove an organic coating that held the individual fibers in each yarn bundle together. This coating makes it difficult to separate single fibers from the yarn bundle for mechanical testing without damaging the fibers and affecting their strength. After washing, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on both washed and unwashed samples and the results were compared. This experiment has shown that there are no significant variations in the spectra of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide-co-p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PBIA-co-PPTA1) and PBIA-co-PPTA3 after washing, and only a small variation in intensity for PBIA. This indicates that the acetone and methanol rinses are not adversely affecting the fibers and causing chemical degradation. Additionally, single fiber tensile testing was performed on the washed fibers to characterize their initial tensile strength and strain to failure, and compare those to other reported values. Iterative procedural development was necessary to find a successful method for performing tensile testing on these fibers.

The primary goal of the study is to develop a protocol to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high strength copolymer aramid fibers, by removing a coating and disentangling the individual fiber strands without introducing significant chemical or physical degradation.

Districante fibre di aramide copolimero ad alta resistenza per consentire la determinazione delle loro proprietà meccaniche

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to ...

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) with a 4.6 nm pore size, and ordered silica porous matrix, SBA-15, with a 5.3 nm pore size. This work describes the surface properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the differently ordered porous materials with similar pore sizes. For this purpose, OMC and SBA-15 with highly ordered nanoporous structures are synthesized via impregnation of the silica matrix by applying a carbon precursor and by the sol-gel method, respectively. The porous structure of investigated systems is characterized by an N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To determine the electrochemical character of the surface of synthesized materials, potentiometric titration measurements are conducted; the obtained results for OMC shows a significant pHpzc shift toward the higher values of pH, relative to SBA-15. This suggests that investigated OMC has surface properties related to oxygen-based functional groups. To describe the surface properties of the materials, the contact angles of liquids penetrating the studied porous beds are also determined. The capillary rise method has confirmed the increased wettability of the silica walls relative to the carbon walls and an influence of the pore roughness on the fluid/wall interactions, which is much more pronounced for silica than for carbon mesopores. We have also studied the melting behavior of D2O confined in OMC and SBA-15 by applying the dielectric method. The results show that the depression of the melting temperature of D2O in the pores of OMC is about 15 K higher relative to the depression of the melting temperature in SBA-15 pores with a comparable 5 nm size. This is caused by the influence of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions of the studied matrices.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon (with a 4.6 nm pore size) and SBA-15 (with a 5.3 nm pore size). The work describes the surface and textural properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the materials.

Proprietà della superficie di sintetizzato nanoporosi carbonio e matrici di silice

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the emerging elegant procedures to obtain specific aromatic products rely on the lignin substrate having a high content of the readily cleavable &#946;-O-4 linkage as present in the native lignin structure. This provides a miss-match with typical technical lignins that are highly degraded and therefore are low in &#946;-O-4 linkages. Therefore, the extraction yields, and the quality of the obtained lignin are of utmost importance to access new lignin valorization pathways. In this manuscript, a simple protocol is presented to obtain lignins with high &#946;-O-4 content by relatively mild ethanol extraction that can be applied to different lignocellulose sources. Furthermore, analysis procedures to determine the quality of the lignins are presented together with a depolymerization protocol that yields specific phenolic 2-arylmethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, which can be used to evaluate the obtained lignins. The presented results demonstrate the link between lignin quality and potential for the lignins to be depolymerized into specific monomeric aromatic chemicals. Overall, the extraction and depolymerization demonstrates a trade-off between the lignin extraction yield and the retention of the native aryl-ether structure and thus the potential of the lignin to be used as the substrate for the production of chemicals for higher-value applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform ethanol extraction of lignin from several biomass sources. The effect of the extraction conditions on the lignin yield and &#946;-O-4 content are presented. Selective depolymerization is performed on the obtained lignins to obtain high aromatic monomer products.

Estrazione della lignina con alto contenuto di β-O-4 da etanolo lieve estrazione ed il relativo effetto sul rendimento depolimerizzazione

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding disease that lacks effective treatment. We hypothesize that the cytotoxicity of the misfolded rhodopsin mutant can be alleviated by pharmacologically stabilizing the mutant rhodopsin protein. The P23H mutation, among the other Class II rhodopsin mutations, encodes a structurally unstable rhodopsin mutant protein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the wild type rhodopsin is transported to the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. We previously performed a luminescence-based high-throughput screen (HTS) and identified a group of pharmacological chaperones that rescued the transport of the P23H rhodopsin from ER to the plasma membrane. Here, using an immunostaining method followed by a high-content imaging analysis, we quantified the mutant rhodopsin protein amount in the whole cell and on the plasma membrane. This method is informative and effective to identify true hits from false positives following HTS. Additionally, the high-content image analysis enabled us to quantify multiple parameters from a single experiment to evaluate the pharmacological properties of each compound. Using this assay, we analyzed the effect of 11 different compounds towards six RP associated rhodopsin mutants, obtaining a 2-D pharmacological profile for a quantitative and qualitative understanding about the structural stability of these rhodopsin mutants and efficacy of different compounds towards these mutants.

Here, we described a high-content imaging method to quantify the transport of rhodopsin mutants associated with retinitis pigmentosa. A multiple-wavelength scoring analysis was used to quantify rhodopsin protein on the cell surface or in the whole cell.

Un saggio di trasporto Rhodopsin dall'analisi di Imaging ad alto contenuto

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding ...