Charles J. Billington

Urocortin in the hypothalamic PVN increases leptin and affects uncoupling proteins-1 and -3 in rats.

Injection of alpha-MSH, but not beta-endorphin, into the PVN decreases POMC gene expression in the ARC.

It's time to start treating obesity.

Opioid receptor blockade in rat nucleus tractus solitarius alters amygdala dynorphin gene expression.

Obesity: its time has come.

Effect of nociceptin/orphanin FQ on food intake in rats that differ in diet preference.

Naltrexone infusion inhibits the development of preference for a high-sucrose diet.

Measurement of sleep apnea during obesity treatment.

Overweight, obesity, and associated disease burden in the Veterans Affairs ambulatory care population.

Effects of intracerebroventricular ethanol on ingestive behavior and induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity in selected brain regions.

Neural basis of orexigenic effects of ghrelin acting within lateral hypothalamus.

Effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on feeding induced by DAMGO in the ventral tegmental area and in the nucleus accumbens shell region in the rat.

Hypothalamic paraventricular injections of ghrelin: effect on feeding and c-Fos immunoreactivity.

Our journey with neuropeptide Y: effects on ingestive behaviors and energy expenditure.

Intra-amygdalar injection of DAMGO: effects on c-Fos levels in brain sites associated with feeding behavior.

Opioids as agents of reward-related feeding: a consideration of the evidence.

Alterations in food intake by opioid and dopamine signaling pathways between the ventral tegmental area and the shell of the nucleus accumbens.

Age-related changes in brain proDynorphin gene expression in the rat.

Weight and body mass index in Parkinson's disease patients after deep brain stimulation surgery.

Drosophila target of rapamycin kinase functions as a multimer.

Effect of opioid receptor ligands injected into the rostral lateral hypothalamus on c-fos and feeding behavior.

Paraventricular opioids alter intake of high-fat but not high-sucrose diet depending on diet preference in a binge model of feeding.

Entero-endocrine changes after gastric bypass in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a preliminary study.

Adipokine response in diabetics and nondiabetics following the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a preliminary study.

Neuroregulation of nonexercise activity thermogenesis and obesity resistance.

Hypoxia induces cardiac malformations via A1 adenosine receptor activation in chicken embryos.

Obesity as a disease: a white paper on evidence and arguments commissioned by the Council of the Obesity Society.

Selection of electrical algorithms to treat obesity with intermittent vagal block using an implantable medical device.

Amygdalar opioids modulate hypothalamic melanocortin-induced anorexia.

Twisted gastrulation limits apoptosis in the distal region of the mandibular arch in mice.

WNT5A mutations in patients with autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome.

Bone morphogenic protein 2 directly enhances differentiation of murine osteoclast precursors.

Evaluation of a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging system for whole body composition analysis in rodents.

Chronic administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus reverses obesity induced by high-fat diet.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus increases energy expenditure.

The lighter side of BDNF.

The molecular and cellular basis of variable craniofacial phenotypes and their genetic rescue in Twisted gastrulation mutant mice.

Glycosylation of Twisted Gastrulation is Required for BMP Binding and Activity during Craniofacial Development.

Exenatide as a weight-loss therapy in extreme pediatric obesity: a randomized, controlled pilot study.

Neuropeptides controlling energy balance: orexins and neuromedins.

Sleep and obesity: a focus on animal models.

Orexin A decreases lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in a novel hypothalamic cell model.

The EMPOWER study: randomized, prospective, double-blind, multicenter trial of vagal blockade to induce weight loss in morbid obesity.

Maternal diet supplementation with methyl donors and increased parity affect the incidence of craniofacial defects in the offspring of twisted gastrulation mutant mice.

High and low activity rats: elevated intrinsic physical activity drives resistance to diet-induced obesity in non-bred rats.

Partial sleep deprivation by environmental noise increases food intake and body weight in obesity-resistant rats.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs intensive medical management for the control of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: the Diabetes Surgery Study randomized clinical trial.

Orexin modulation of adipose tissue.

Orexin: pathways to obesity resistance?

Role of the locus coeruleus in enhanced orexin A-induced spontaneous physical activity in obesity-resistant rats.

Methodological considerations for measuring spontaneous physical activity in rodents.