a-new-clarification-method-to-visualize-biliary-degeneration-during

A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>)

Biliary atresia is a rare disease of infancy, with an estimated 1 in 15,000 frequency in the southeast United States, but more common in East Asian ...

the-identification-sea-lamprey-pheromones-using-bioassay-guided

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Bioassay-guided fractionation is an iterative approach that uses the results of physiological and behavioral bioassays to guide the isolation and ...

Michigan State University

This article extends our initial investigation of the interactions between dopamine and glutamate receptor systems after acute exposure to ethanol. DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein of approximate molecular weight 32 kDa) is an important regulator of protein phosphatase-1 that in turn regulates a large number of effectors, including the NMDA receptor.

Antagonistic effects of dopaminergic signaling and ethanol on protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor.

This article provides an overview of thyroid cancer, an increasingly common but highly treatable disease. Types of thyroid cancer, staging systems, diagnostic techniques and treatment options are discussed.

Thyroid cancer in adults.

Ankle fractures are common among all populations, although incidence increases in the elderly. They are most often the result of simple falls and athletic injuries but also may be caused by underlying pathology. A thorough patient evaluation with description of the mechanism of injury is key to proper diagnosis. This article examines the use of radiography and other imaging modalities in diagnosing ankle injuries, as well as several classification systems available to describe the pattern of injury and aid in treatment planning. Treatment, rehabilitation techniques and possible complications of ankle fractures also are discussed.

Diagnosis and treatment of ankle fractures.

A rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of three monoamine neurotransmitters (NTs) and melatonin in sea lamprey brain tissues. Separation was performed on a reversed-phase column with mobile phases of 1mM perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHA) water solution/acetonitrile and mass spectra were acquired in positive electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was employed to purify and extract the target compounds from the tissue samples. The matrix effects as well as the influence of two extraction methods, protein precipitation (PPT) and SPE, on matrix effects were examined for the first time on the quantification of NTs from brain tissue extracts. The matrix effects with SPE (2.4 to -14.9%) were about 30% lower on average than those with the ACN PPT method (-29 to -38%). The recoveries of three types of SPE cartridges were tested and Bond-Elut C18 cartridge was selected to process the samples because of its good extraction efficiencies (71.3-95.3%) and low matrix effects (-6.6 to -14.9%) for all four analytes. This method exhibited excellent linearity for all analytes with regression coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection were between 0.03 ng/mL (melatonin) and 0.14 ng/mL (norepinephrine). The precisions, expressed as coefficients of variation (CV), ranged from 4.8 to 14.1% for intra-day analyses and from 6.1 to 16.2% for inter-day analyses. Brain tissues from 360 sea lampreys were analyzed by the developed method and the concentrations for four analytes were found to be at the level of nanogram per gram of brain tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the quantification of NTs and melatonin in the sea lamprey using the LC-MS/MS method.

Quantification of monoamine neurotransmitters and melatonin in sea lamprey brain tissues by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

In vertebrates, bile salts are primarily synthesized in the liver and secreted into the intestine where they aid in absorption of dietary fats. Small amounts of bile salts that are not reabsorbed into enterohepatic circulation are excreted with waste. In sexually mature male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) a bile salt is released in large amounts across gill epithelia into water where it functions as a pheromone. We postulate that the release of this pheromone is associated with a dramatic increase in its biosynthesis and transport to the gills upon sexual maturation.

Biosynthesis and release of pheromonal bile salts in mature male sea lamprey.

Minimizing radiation exposure while optimizing image quality is critical in diagnostic medical imaging. Radiologic technologists face complex challenges when implementing dose monitoring and reporting systems to assist in radiation safety efforts. Challenges include communicating the risks of radiation exposure, handling variations in dose measurement techniques, and working with a lack of standardized nomenclature for examination types. With increasing attention on radiation safety, many solutions have been presented. A team approach to dose optimization with professionals nationwide can help establish a culture of radiation safety in medical imaging.

Anne M. Scott

Department of Fisheries & Wildlife,
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife

Michigan State University

A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Anne M. Scott

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Fisheries & Wildlife,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife

Michigan State University

A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Department of Fisheries & Wildlife,
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife