structural-characterization-mannan-cell-wall-polysaccharides-plants

Structural Characterization of Mannan Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Plants Using PACE

Plant cell wall polysaccharides are notoriously difficult to analyze, and most methods require expensive equipment, skilled operators, and large amounts ...

Joint Bioenergy Institute

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

To report our experience of treating bladder and bowel dysfunction in children with myelomeningocele, with simultaneous laparoscopic antegrade continence enema (LACE) and repeated intravesical injection of botulinum toxin-type A (BTX-A).

Concomitant repeated intravesical injections of botulinum toxin-type A and laparoscopic antegrade continence enema; a new solution for an old problem.

To describe a modification in Mathieu (perimeatal-based flap urethroplasty) technique that incorporates glans augmentation into the procedure and is applicable for hypospadias patients with small glans and shallow urethral grooves.

Hypospadias repair and glans augmentation using a modified Mathieu technique.

To introduce a modified trans-scrotal approach for treatment of abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH) in children. The postoperative outcomes are reviewed with long-term follow-up.

Modified scrotal approach for correction of abdominoscrotal hydrocele in children: clinical presentation and description of technique.

To investigate the pattern of anti-Dysport antibody (ADA) formation after Dysport injection in patients with neuropathic bladder. Antibody formation may lead to failure or allergic reactions in patients undergoing Dysport injection.

Antibody formation following botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) injection in children with intractable bladder hyper-reflexia.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of urethral hydrodistension for management of urethral hypoplasia in prune belly syndrome (PBS).

Urethral hydrodistension for management of urethral hypoplasia in prune belly syndrome: long-term results.

Animated biofeedback is an established treatment for pediatric dysfunctional voiding. Bowel dysfunction is closely associated with dysfunctional voiding. We evaluated the efficacy of animated biofeedback urotherapy in bowel and voiding dysfunction in children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome.

Animated biofeedback: an ideal treatment for children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome.

To demonstrate the feasibility, cosmetic outcome and therapeutic values of our single incisional approach in patients with both hypospadias and inguinal hernia (IH) in comparison with standard multiple incisional techniques.

Single incisional approach for reconstruction of hypospadias and concomitant inguinal hernia.

Wood formation in trees requires carbon import from the photosynthetic tissues. In several tree species, including Populus species, the majority of this carbon is derived from sucrose (Suc) transported in the phloem. The mechanism of radial Suc transport from phloem to developing wood is not well understood. We investigated the role of active Suc transport during secondary cell wall formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides). We show that RNA interference-mediated reduction of PttSUT3 (for Suc/H(+) symporter) during secondary cell wall formation in developing wood caused thinner wood fiber walls accompanied by a reduction in cellulose and an increase in lignin. Suc content in the phloem and developing wood was not significantly changed. However, after (13)CO2 assimilation, the SUT3RNAi lines contained more (13)C than the wild type in the Suc-containing extract of developing wood. Hence, Suc was transported into developing wood, but the Suc-derived carbon was not efficiently incorporated to wood fiber walls. A yellow fluorescent protein:PttSUT3 fusion localized to plasma membrane, suggesting that reduced Suc import into developing wood fibers was the cause of the observed cell wall phenotype. The results show the importance of active Suc transport for wood formation in a symplasmically phloem-loading tree species and identify PttSUT3 as a principal transporter for carbon delivery into secondary cell wall-forming wood fibers.

Aspen SUCROSE TRANSPORTER3 allocates carbon into wood fibers.

Wood of trees is formed from carbon assimilated in the photosynthetic tissues. Determining the temporal dynamics of carbon assimilation, subsequent transport into developing wood, and incorporation to cell walls would further our understanding of wood formation in particular and tree growth in general. To investigate these questions, we designed a (13)CO2 labeling system to study carbon transport and incorporation to developing wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). Tracking of (13)C incorporation to wood over a time course using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed diurnal patterns in wood cell wall biosynthesis. The dark period had a differential effect on (13)C incorporation to lignin and cell wall carbohydrates. No (13)C was incorporated into aromatic amino acids of cell wall proteins in the dark, suggesting that cell wall protein biosynthesis ceased during the night. The results show previously unrecognized temporal patterns in wood cell wall biosynthesis, suggest diurnal cycle as a possible cue in the regulation of carbon incorporation to wood, and establish a unique (13)C labeling method for the analysis of wood formation and secondary growth in trees.

13C Tracking after 13CO2 Supply Revealed Diurnal Patterns of Wood Formation in Aspen.

Involvement of penis is a rare presentation in henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP). The presentations are mainly due to the deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) into the vessel walls. In this report, we present the clinical history of nine HSP cases that presented with penile skin involvement.

Penile Skin Involvement as the First Presentation of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Report of Nine Cases and Review of Literature.

Filamentous ascomycetes fungi have had important roles in natural cycles, and are already used industrially for e.g. supplying of citric, gluconic and itaconic acids as well as many enzymes. Faster human activities result in higher consumption of our resources and producing more wastes. Therefore, these fungi can be explored to use their capabilities to convert back wastes to resources. The present paper reviews the capabilities of these fungi in growing on various residuals, producing lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and production of organic acids, ethanol, pigments, etc. Particular attention has been on Aspergillus, Fusarium, Neurospora and Monascus genera. Since various species are used for production of human food, their biomass can be considered for feed applications and so biomass compositional characteristics as well as aspects related to culture in bioreactor are also provided. The review has been further complemented with future research avenues.

Waste biorefineries using filamentous ascomycetes fungi: Present status and future prospects.

The novel concept of reverse membrane bioreactors (rMBR) introduced in this review is a new membrane-assisted cell retention technique benefiting from the advantageous properties of both conventional MBRs and cell encapsulation techniques to tackle issues in bioconversion and fermentation of complex feeds. The rMBR applies high local cell density and membrane separation of cell/feed to the conventional immersed membrane bioreactor (iMBR) set up. Moreover, this new membrane configuration functions on basis of concentration-driven diffusion rather than pressure-driven convection previously used in conventional MBRs. These new features bring along the exceptional ability of rMBRs in aiding complex bioconversion and fermentation feeds containing high concentrations of inhibitory compounds, a variety of sugar sources and high suspended solid content. In the current review, the similarities and differences between the rMBR and conventional MBRs and cell encapsulation regarding advantages, disadvantages, principles and applications for biofuel production are presented and compared. Moreover, the potential of rMBRs in bioconversion of specific complex substrates of interest such as lignocellulosic hydrolysate is thoroughly studied.

Reverse membrane bioreactor: Introduction to a new technology for biofuel production.

Re: Romain et al.: Delayed-onset Ureteral Obstruction and Calcification Masquerading as Renal Colic Following Deflux Injection (Urology 2016;94:218-220).

Value-added products from dairy waste using edible fungi.

Finding a technological approach that eases the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol has long been considered as a great industrial challenge. In the current study a membrane bioreactor (MBR) set-up using integrated permeate channel (IPC) membrane panels was used to simultaneously ferment pentose and hexose sugars to ethanol in continuous fermentation of high suspended solid wheat straw hydrolysate. The MBR was optimized to flawlessly operated at high SS concentrations of up to 20% without any significant changes in the permeate flux and transmembrane pressure. By the help of the retained high cell concentration, the yeast cells were capable of tolerating and detoxifying the inhibitory medium and succeeded to co-consume all glucose and up to 83% of xylose in a continuous fermentation mode leading to up to 83% of the theoretical ethanol yield.

Continuous bioethanol fermentation from wheat straw hydrolysate with high suspended solid content using an immersed flat sheet membrane bioreactor.

The contribution of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation to modifying carbon allocation to developing wood of trees is not well defined. To clarify the role of transcriptional regulation, the enzyme activity patterns of eight central primary metabolism enzymes across phloem, cambium, and developing wood of aspen (Populus tremula L.) were compared with transcript levels obtained by RNA sequencing of sequential stem sections from the same trees. Enzymes were selected on the basis of their importance in sugar metabolism and in linking primary metabolism to lignin biosynthesis. Existing enzyme assays were adapted to allow measurements from ~1 mm3 sections of dissected stem tissue. These experiments provided high spatial resolution of enzyme activity changes across different stages of wood development, and identified the gene transcripts probably responsible for these changes. In most cases, there was a clear positive relationship between transcripts and enzyme activity. During secondary cell wall formation, the increases in transcript levels and enzyme activities also matched with increased levels of glucose, fructose, hexose phosphates, and UDP-glucose, emphasizing an important role for transcriptional regulation in carbon allocation to developing aspen wood. These observations corroborate the efforts to increase carbon allocation to wood by engineering gene regulatory networks.

Article	Year
Concomitant repeated intravesical injections of botulinum toxin-type A and laparoscopic antegrade continence enema; a new solution for an old problem. BJU international\| PubMed ID: 19154454	2009
Hypospadias repair and glans augmentation using a modified Mathieu technique. Pediatric surgery international\| PubMed ID: 19915855	2010
Modified scrotal approach for correction of abdominoscrotal hydrocele in children: clinical presentation and description of technique. Urology\| PubMed ID: 20394967	2010
Antibody formation following botulinum toxin type A (Dysport) injection in children with intractable bladder hyper-reflexia. Urology\| PubMed ID: 20451970	2010
Urethral hydrodistension for management of urethral hypoplasia in prune belly syndrome: long-term results. Journal of pediatric surgery\| PubMed ID: 21034947	2010
Animated biofeedback: an ideal treatment for children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome. The Journal of urology\| PubMed ID: 22019033	2011
Single incisional approach for reconstruction of hypospadias and concomitant inguinal hernia. Journal of pediatric urology\| PubMed ID: 23806276	2014
Aspen SUCROSE TRANSPORTER3 allocates carbon into wood fibers. Plant physiology\| PubMed ID: 24170204	2013
13C Tracking after 13CO2 Supply Revealed Diurnal Patterns of Wood Formation in Aspen. Plant physiology\| PubMed ID: 25931520	2015
Penile Skin Involvement as the First Presentation of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Report of Nine Cases and Review of Literature. Iranian journal of pediatrics\| PubMed ID: 26396696	2015
Waste biorefineries using filamentous ascomycetes fungi: Present status and future prospects. Bioresource technology\| PubMed ID: 26996263	2016
Reverse membrane bioreactor: Introduction to a new technology for biofuel production. Biotechnology advances\| PubMed ID: 27238291	2016
Re: Romain et al.: Delayed-onset Ureteral Obstruction and Calcification Masquerading as Renal Colic Following Deflux Injection (Urology 2016;94:218-220). Urology\| PubMed ID: 27364866	2016
Value-added products from dairy waste using edible fungi. Waste management (New York, N.Y.)\| PubMed ID: 27864017	2017
Continuous bioethanol fermentation from wheat straw hydrolysate with high suspended solid content using an immersed flat sheet membrane bioreactor. Bioresource technology\| PubMed ID: 28575793	2017
Spatially resolved metabolic analysis reveals a central role for transcriptional control in carbon allocation to wood. Journal of experimental botany\| PubMed ID: 28645173	2017

Amir Mahboubi

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