using-robotic-systems-to-process-embed-colonic-murine-samples-for

Using Robotic Systems to Process and Embed Colonic Murine Samples for Histological Analyses

The understanding of human diseases has been greatly expanded thanks to the study of animal models. Nonetheless, histopathological evaluation of ...

integrating-augmented-reality-tools-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema

Integrating Augmented Reality Tools in Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Prognostication and Diagnosis

Breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) is a detrimental condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the upper limb in breast cancer patients ...

Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico

University of Milan

There is only one previous case report of a poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from an adenolymphoma of the parotid gland (Warthin's tumour). The absence of clinical symptoms, and the aspecificity of the radiological pattern make the diagnosis very difficult.

Poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from adenolymphoma of the parotid gland.

The four regulatory subunits (R1A, R1B, R2A, R2B) of protein kinase A (PKA) are differentially expressed in several cancer cell lines and exert distinct roles in both cell growth and cell differentiation control. Mutations of the PRKAR1A gene have been found in patients with Carney complex and in a minority of sporadic anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the expression of different PKA regulatory subunits in benign and non benign human thyroid tumours and to correlate their expression with clinical phenotype. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a significant increase in PRKAR2B expression in both differentiated and undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid tumors in comparison with normal thyroid tissues. Conversely, a significant increase in PRKAR1A expression was only demonstrated in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas in comparison with normal thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid tumors. In thyroid cancers without lymph nodal metastases PRKAR1A expression was higher in tumours of more than 2 cm in size (T2 and T3) compared to smaller ones (T1). In conclusion, our data shows that an increased PRKAR1A expression is associated with aggressive and undifferentiated thyroid tumors.

Different expression of protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues.

Coeliac disease is characterised by villous atrophy, which usually normalises after gluten withdrawal. Sometimes the revaluation of duodenal histology is required during follow-up, even if the methodology for comparing duodenal histology before and after introducing a gluten-free diet is not yet established. Our aim was to evaluate a novel criterion to compare duodenal histology in coeliac disease before and after gluten withdrawal.

Histological evaluation of duodenal biopsies from coeliac patients: the need for different grading criteria during follow-up.

Approaching the histodynamics of celiac disease in modern times: the need of going beyond the dogmas.

In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and prognostic implications of the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in human tumors, with special emphasis on the malignant thyroid. The PKA signaling pathway is differentially activated by the expression of regulatory subunits 1 (R1) and 2 (R2), whose levels change during development, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Following the identification of gene mutations within the PKA regulatory subunit R1A (PRKAR1A) that cause Carney complex-associated neoplasms, several investigators have studied PRKAR1A expression in sporadic thyroid tumors. The PKA regulatory subunit R2B (PRKAR2B) is highly expressed in benign, as well as in malignant differentiated and undifferentiated lesions. PRKAR1A is highly expressed in follicular adenomas and malignant lesions with a statistically significant gradient between benign and malignant tumors; however, it is not expressed in hyperplastic nodules. Although the importance of PKA in human malignancy outcomes is not completely understood, PRKAR1A expression correlates with tumor dimension in malignant lesions. Additional studies are needed to determine whether a relationship exists between PKA subunit expression and clinical outcomes, particularly in undifferentiated tumors. In conclusion, the R1A subunit might be a good molecular candidate for the targeted treatment of malignant thyroid tumors. 

Expression of protein kinase A regulatory subunits in benign and malignant human thyroid tissues: A systematic review.

"Gluten-related disorders" is a term that encompasses different diseases induced by the ingestion of gluten-containing food. Because of their incidence the scientific community has been intensively studying them.

Nomenclature and diagnosis of gluten-related disorders: A position statement by the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO).

Brain metastases from NSCLC are associated with a poor prognosis, and local radiotherapy is the most effective therapeutic strategy. The oncofetal protein IMP3 has been studied extensively, and evidence suggests that its expression is related to shorter overall survival and a more aggressive phenotype in solid malignancies. Here, the prognostic role of IMP3 was investigated in a cohort of patients with NSCLC brain metastases in correlation with survival and tumor histotype. A series of 42 NSCLC brain metastases samples was analyzed by tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining for IMP3. IMP3 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in the whole series and in subgroups of metastases from non-neuroendocrine pulmonary malignancies and adenocarcinoma metastases. These results indicated that IMP3 is a strong prognostic factor in non-neuroendocrine brain metastases and in particular in patients with adenocarcinoma metastases.

IMP3 expression in NSCLC brain metastases demonstrates its role as a prognostic factor in non-neuroendocrine phenotypes.

Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (LNETs) encompass a heterogeneous group of lesions, including tumors with no or low metastatic potential, such as typical (TCs) and atypical (ACs) carcinoids, and highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinomas. To date, only a few biomarkers with prognostic impact have been identified in LNETs. Previous experimental studies have suggested that the cytokine CXCL12 might have a role in stratifying the outcome of lung cancer as well as LNET patients. However, the reliability of immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue expression of CXCL12 in evaluating the prognosis of resected LNETs is currently not known.

CXCL12 expression is a bona fide predictor of recurrence in lung neuroendocrine tumours; a multicentric study with emphasis on atypical carcinoids - a short report.

Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), the prognosis of these patients has currently plateaued. During the past few years, the opportunity to consider multiple treatment modalities (including surgery and other locoregional treatments, systemic therapy, and targeted therapy) led to the research of novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC liver metastases (CRCLM) patients. In this review, we seek to describe the current state of knowledge of CRCLM biomarkers and to outline impending clinical perspectives, in particular focusing on the cutting-edge tools available for their characterization.

ArticleTotal : 2	Year
Publication title	2019
Publication title	2020

Article	Year
Poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from adenolymphoma of the parotid gland. BMC surgery\| PubMed ID: 12533195	2003
Different expression of protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues. Histology and histopathology\| PubMed ID: 25393625	2015
Histological evaluation of duodenal biopsies from coeliac patients: the need for different grading criteria during follow-up. BMC gastroenterology\| PubMed ID: 26467310	2015
Approaching the histodynamics of celiac disease in modern times: the need of going beyond the dogmas. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver\| PubMed ID: 26754019	2016
Expression of protein kinase A regulatory subunits in benign and malignant human thyroid tissues: A systematic review. Experimental cell research\| PubMed ID: 27321957	2016
Nomenclature and diagnosis of gluten-related disorders: A position statement by the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO). Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver\| PubMed ID: 27887897	2017
IMP3 expression in NSCLC brain metastases demonstrates its role as a prognostic factor in non-neuroendocrine phenotypes. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)\| PubMed ID: 29209838	2017
CXCL12 expression is a bona fide predictor of recurrence in lung neuroendocrine tumours; a multicentric study with emphasis on atypical carcinoids - a short report. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht)\| PubMed ID: 30182340	2018
Molecular and Immunohistochemical Markers with Prognostic and Predictive Significance in Liver Metastases from Colorectal Carcinoma. International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 30282914	2018

Stefano Ferrero

Biography

JoVE Journal Publications

Other Publications