design-implementation-bespoke-robotic-manipulator-for-extra-corporeal

Design and Implementation of a Bespoke Robotic Manipulator for Extra-corporeal Ultrasound

With the potential for high precision, dexterity, and repeatability, a self-tracked robotic system can be employed to assist the acquisition of real-time ...

King's College London

The use of ultrasound imaging for guidance of cardiac interventional procedures is limited by the small field of view of the ultrasound volume. A larger view can be created by image-based registration of several partially overlapping volumes, but automatic registration is likely to fail unless the registration is initialized close to the volumes' correct alignment. In this article, we use X-ray images to track a transesophageal ultrasound probe and thereby provide initial position information for the registration of the ultrasound volumes. The tracking is possible using multiple X-rays or just a single X-ray for each probe position. We test the method in a phantom experiment and find that with at least 50% overlap, 88% of volume pairs are correctly registered when tracked using three X-rays and 86% when using single X-rays. Excluding failed registrations with errors greater than 10 mm, the average registration accuracy is 2.92 mm between ultrasound volumes and 4.75 mm for locating an ultrasound volume in X-ray space. We conclude that the accuracy and robustness of the registrations are sufficient to provide useful images for interventional guidance.

Extended-field-of-view three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography using image-based X-ray probe tracking.

This paper presents a multi-axis force/torque sensor based on simply-supported beam and optoelectronic technology. The sensor's main advantages are: (1) Low power consumption; (2) low-level noise in comparison with conventional methods of force sensing (e.g., using strain gauges); (3) the ability to be embedded into different mechanical structures; (4) miniaturisation; (5) simple manufacture and customisation to fit a wide-range of robot systems; and (6) low-cost fabrication and assembly of sensor structure. For these reasons, the proposed multi-axis force/torque sensor can be used in a wide range of application areas including medical robotics, manufacturing, and areas involving human-robot interaction. This paper shows the application of our concept of a force/torque sensor to flexible continuum manipulators: A cylindrical MIS (Minimally Invasive Surgery) robot, and includes its design, fabrication, and evaluation tests.

Multi-Axis Force/Torque Sensor Based on Simply-Supported Beam and Optoelectronics.

In recent years, 3D trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has become widely used for monitoring cardiac interventions. The control of the TOE probe during the procedure is a manual task which is tedious and harmful for the operator when exposed to radiation. To improve this technique, an add-on robotic system has been developed for holding and manipulating a commercial TOE probe. This paper focuses on the probe adjustment strategy in order to accurately monitor the moving intra-operative catheters. The positioning strategy is divided into an initialization step based on a pre-planning method, and a localized adjustment step based on the robotic differential kinematics. A series of experiments was performed to evaluate the initialization and the localized adjustment steps. The results indicate a mean error less than 10 mm from the phantom experiments for the initialization step, and a median error less than 1.5 mm from the computer-based simulation experiments for the localized adjustment step. Compared to the much bigger image volume, it is concluded that the proposed methods are feasible for this application. Future work will focus on evaluating the method in a more realistic TOE scanning scenario.

Article	Year
Extended-field-of-view three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography using image-based X-ray probe tracking. Ultrasound in medicine & biology\| PubMed ID: 23453630	2013
Multi-Axis Force/Torque Sensor Based on Simply-Supported Beam and Optoelectronics. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 27869689	2016
Strategy for Monitoring Cardiac Interventions with an Intelligent Robotic Ultrasound Device. Micromachines\| PubMed ID: 30393341	2018

James Housden

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