laparoscopic-oocyte-retrieval-cryopreservation-during-vaginoplasty

Laparoscopic Oocyte Retrieval and Cryopreservation during Vaginoplasty for Treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome

In Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) patients who are scheduled for laparoscopic vaginoplasty and have a desire for biological motherhood, ...

IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute

Assisted reproduction technology laboratories have a very high degree of complexity. Mismatches of gametes or embryos can occur, with catastrophic consequences for patients. To minimize the risk of error, a multi-institutional working group applied failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to each critical activity/step as a method of risk assessment. This analysis led to the identification of the potential failure modes, together with their causes and effects, using the risk priority number (RPN) scoring system. In total, 11 individual steps and 68 different potential failure modes were identified. The highest ranked failure modes, with an RPN score of 25, encompassed 17 failures and pertained to "patient mismatch" and "biological sample mismatch". The maximum reduction in risk, with RPN reduced from 25 to 5, was mostly related to the introduction of witnessing. The critical failure modes in sample processing were improved by 50% in the RPN by focusing on staff training. Three indicators of FMEA success, based on technical skill, competence and traceability, have been evaluated after FMEA implementation. Witnessing by a second human operator should be introduced in the laboratory to avoid sample mix-ups. These findings confirm that FMEA can effectively reduce errors in assisted reproduction technology laboratories. 

Application of failure mode and effect analysis in an assisted reproduction technology laboratory.

Growing evidence supports a role of vitamin D (VD) in reproductive health. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in the ovary, endometrium, and myometrium. The biological actions of VD in fertility and reproductive tissues have been investigated but mainly using animal models. Conversely, the molecular data addressing the mechanisms underlying VD action in the physiologic endometrium and in endometrial pathologies are still scant. Levels of VDR expression according to the menstrual cycle are yet to be definitively clarified, possibly being lower in the proliferative compared to the secretory phase and in mid-secretory compared to early secretory phase. Endometrial tissue also expresses the enzymes involved in the metabolism of VD. The potential anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of VD for the treatment of endometriosis have been investigated in recent years. Treatment of ectopic endometrial cells with 1,25(OH)₂D₃ could significantly reduce cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses. An alteration of VD metabolism in terms of increased 24-hydroxylase mRNA and protein expression has been demonstrated in endometrial cancer, albeit not consistently. The effect of the active form of the vitamin as an anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and differentiation-inducing agent has been demonstrated in various endometrial cancer cell lines.

Vitamin D and Endometrium: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Area of Research.

The recently re-named pre-implantation genetic testing for determining embryo aneuploidies (PGT-A) is presently very popular although its acceptance by the scientific community is controversial. This approach still encounters drawbacks. This paper uses a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis to discuss salient points to be considered when examining the pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT-A) strategy to gather information from a range of perspectives. One of the strengths associated with the procedure is represented by an increase in implantation rate although data from the highest level of evidence do not support an increase in cumulative pregnancy rates. The current difficulty in the management of mosaicisms represents a weakness of PGT-A. The application of the strategy represents an opportunity to favor the single embryo transfer while other advantages, such as reduction of time to pregnancy and emotional distress are controversial. Potential important threats, at present still undefined, are represented by the biopsy-related damage to the blastocyst and the impact on neonatal and long-term outcomes.

Assessment of pre-implantation genetic testing for embryo aneuploidies: A SWOT analysis.

In vitro fertilization can be an effective tool to manage the endometriosis-associated infertility, which accounts for 10% of the strategy indications. Nevertheless, a negative effect of endometriosis on IVF outcomes has been suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of endometriosis in the development of embryos at cleavege stage in assisted reproduction treatment cycles. A total of 429 cycles from women previously operated for moderate/severe endometriosis were compared with 851 cycles from non-affected women. Patients were matched by age, number of oocyte retrieved and study period. A total of 3818 embryos in cleavage stage have been analyzed retrospectively. Overall, no difference was found between women with and without endometriosis regarding the number of cleavage stage embryos obtained as well as the percentage of good/fair quality embryos. Excluding cycles in which no transfers were performed or where embryos were frozen in day three, no difference was observed for blastulation rate or the percentage of good/fair blastocysts obtained. Despite similar fertilization rate and number/quality of embryos, a reduction in ongoing pregnancy rate was observed in patients affected, possibly due to an altered endometrial receptivity or to the limited value of the conventional morphological evaluation of the embryo.

Does Endometriosis Influence the Embryo Quality and/or Development? Insights from a Large Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.

Phthalates are substances used as plasticizing agents and solvents that can increase the risk of infertility and that appear to induce oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to show the possible relationship between urinary concentrations of phthalates metabolites, namely MEP, MBzP, MnBP, MEHP, MEHHP, and MnOP and biomarkers of nucleic acids oxidation, methylation, or protein nitroxidation. The oxidative stress biomarkers measured in human urine were 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 5-methylcytidine. Two hundred and seventy-four couples were enrolled, undergoing an assisted reproduction technology (ART) treatment, urine samples were analyzed in HPLC/MS-MS, and then two sub-groups with urinary concentration > 90th or <10th percentile were identified, reducing the sample size to 112 subjects. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in both groups, reduced to 52 men and 60 women. A statistically significantly difference for 8-oxoGuo and 3-NOTyr between men and women, with higher levels in men, was found. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were directly correlated with some phthalate concentrations in both sexes.

Article	Year
Application of failure mode and effect analysis in an assisted reproduction technology laboratory. Reproductive biomedicine online\| PubMed ID: 27282213	2016
Vitamin D and Endometrium: A Systematic Review of a Neglected Area of Research. International journal of molecular sciences\| PubMed ID: 30096760	2018
Assessment of pre-implantation genetic testing for embryo aneuploidies: A SWOT analysis. Clinical genetics\| PubMed ID: 30653658	2019
Does Endometriosis Influence the Embryo Quality and/or Development? Insights from a Large Retrospective Matched Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)\| PubMed ID: 32028668	2020
Phthalate Exposure and Biomarkers of Oxidation of Nucleic Acids: Results on Couples Attending a Fertility Center. Toxics\| PubMed ID: 35202248	2022

Elisa Rabellotti

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