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Investigating the Alleviating Effects of <em>Bacillus cereus</em> Administration on Colitis through Gut Microbiota Modulation

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is thought to exert a role in the progression of colitis. However, the precise standards for probiotic administration in ...

Anhui University

Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing

The content of active compounds differ in buds and flowers of  (FLJ) and  var. chinensis (rFLJ). Chlorogenic acid (CGAs) were major active compounds of  and regarded as measurements for quality evaluation. However, little is known concerning the formation of active compounds at the molecular level. We quantified the major CGAs in FLJ and rFLJ, and found the concentrations of CGAs were higher in the buds of rFLJ than those of FLJ. Further analysis of CpG methylation of CGAs biosynthesis genes showed differences between FLJ and rFLJ in the 5'-UTR of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (). We identified 11  proteins and 24  proteins with conserved basic leucine zipper domains, subcellular localization, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the transcription factor LjbZIP8 is a nuclear-localized protein that specifically binds to the G-box element of the  5'-UTR. Additionally, a transactivation assay and  overexpression in transgenic tobacco indicated that LjbZIP8 could function as a repressor of transcription. Finally, treatment with 5-azacytidine decreased the transcription level of  and CGAs content in FLJ leaves. These results raise the possibility that DNA methylation might influence the recruitment of LjbZIP8, regulating  expression level and CGAs content in .

DNA Methylation Influences Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthesis in  by Mediating LjbZIP8 to Regulate Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase 2 Expression.

We present the 1.06 Gb sequenced genome of Gastrodia elata, an obligate mycoheterotrophic plant, which contains 18,969 protein-coding genes. Many genes conserved in other plant species have been deleted from the G. elata genome, including most of those for photosynthesis. Additional evidence of the influence of genome plasticity in the adaptation of this mycoheterotrophic lifestyle is evident in the large number of gene families that are expanded in G. elata, including glycoside hydrolases and urease that likely facilitate the digestion of hyphae are expanded, as are genes associated with strigolactone signaling, and ATPases that may contribute to the atypical energy metabolism. We also find that the plastid genome of G. elata is markedly smaller than that of green plant species while its mitochondrial genome is one of the largest observed to date. Our report establishes a foundation for studying adaptation to a mycoheterotrophic lifestyle.

The Gastrodia elata genome provides insights into plant adaptation to heterotrophy.

A total of 58 varieties in Lonicera japonica from 20 producing areas were amplified by 22 pairs of SSR primers. Seven pairs of polymorphic primers were screened and their primers were used to establish DNA identity card and analyze genetic similarity.All the 58 varieties could be distinguished each other by the DNA identity card constituted by 7 pairs of core SSR primers.The genetic similarity coefficients of 58 varieties ranged from 0.366 7 to 0.916 7 by using PopGene32（vesion1.32）. Furthermore, all the varieties consistency were classified into 4 groups and constructed an evaluation table according to cluster analysis by an un-weighted pair-group average method with arithmetic mean. As expected, the results of cluster and evaluation table reflected 58 varieties relatives, which provide reference information for the selection of fine germplasm of L. japonica and the theoretical basis for the study of Dao-di herbs.

[Establishment of DNA identity card and analysis of genetic similarity among 58 varieties in Lonicera japonica].

Ginseng, the root and rhizome of  C. A. Mey., is a well-known and valuable traditional Chinese medicine. The pharmacological activities of ginseng are mainly attributed to the presence of ginsenosides, which are considered to be critical biomarkers for evaluating ginseng quality. The biosynthesis of triterpenes, which serve defensive functions in plants, is regulated by endogenous phytohormones that play key roles in growth and defense of plant populations. However, the role of major hormones that are closely related to secondary metabolism pathways in  is poorly understood. To gain insight into their potential correlation, we performed a spatial synthesis analysis and studied the distribution of endogenous phytohormones and ginsenosides in different tissue regions of the entire  plant. Gibberellins are growth hormones that accumulate in the fiber root. In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), which are considered stress hormones, were predominantly found in the leaf and leaf peduncle. We observed a tissue-specific distribution of phytohormones consistent with the expression of genes involved in hormone biosynthesis that influenced ginsenoside synthesis and distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different endogenous phytohormones on triterpene metabolites in ginseng innate immunity.

Biogenic Synthesis and Spatial Distribution of Endogenous Phytohormones and Ginsenosides Provide Insights on Their Intrinsic Relevance in .

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a benign tumor commonly occurring in the mandible and maxilla. Spinal involvement of OFs is of great rarity. To the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases in the thoracic and lumbar spine have been reported.

Ossifying Fibroma of the Cervical Spine: First Case Report and Literature Review.

The molecular marker-assisted breeding is one of the important methods to cultivate excellent germplasms of Chinese medicinal materials by combining modern molecular biology with traditional genetic breeding. The main target of breeding is to make the biological characters of Chinese medicinal materials stable and the yield and medicinal component of it controllable, and ensure that the medicinal materials produced have the characteristics of &quot;excellent shape, high quality and high effect&quot;. Compared with traditional breeding that prefers to the selection of phenotypic traits, the molecular marker-assisted breeding also emphasizes genotype screening. It mainly includes five fields, namely the construction of genetic linkage maps, the positioning of quantitative trait locus(QTL), the analysis of genetic diversities, the identification of varieties and hybrid germplasm purity, and the application of molecular marker-assisted selection. At present, SCoT, ISSR, SSR and SNP are the main DNA markers used in the studies of marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal materials. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, genome-wide association(GWAS) and molecular design breeding will become the hotspots of Chinese medicinal materials breeding in the future. In this paper, we review current studies excellent germplasm selection of Chinese medicinal materials using molecular marker-assisted breeding and future development prospects. It is suggested to accelerate the breeding of traditional Chinese medicinal materials using molecular pharmacognosy theory and methods, in order to provide theoretical guidance for breeding, protection and sustainable utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

[Study progress on molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese medicinal materials].

The high-altitude ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau in China is a biodiversity hotspot that provides unique habitats for endemic and relict species along an altitudinal gradient at the eastern edge. Acquiring biodiversity information in this area, where the average altitude is over 4000 m, has been difficult but has been aided by recent developments in non-invasive technology, including infrared-triggered camera trapping. We used camera trapping to acquire a substantial number of photographic wildlife records in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, from 2013 to 2016. We collected information of the habitat surrounding the observation sites, resulting in a dataset covering 37 species and 12 environmental factors. We performed a multivariate statistical analysis to discern the dominant environmental factors and cluster the mammals and birds of the ecosystem in order to examine environmental factors contributing to the species' relative abundance. Species were generalized into three main types, i.e., cold-resistant, phyllophilic, and thermophilic, according to the identified key environmental drivers (i.e., temperature and vegetation) for their abundances. The mammal species with the highest relative abundance were bharal (), Moupin pika (), and Himalayan marmot (). The bird species with highest relative abundance were snow partridge (), plain mountain finch (), Chinese monal (), and alpine accentor ().

Habitat Use and Activity Patterns of Mammals and Birds in Relation to Temperature and Vegetation Cover in the Alpine Ecosystem of Southwestern China with Camera-Trapping Monitoring.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) that prevents and alleviates the degenerative changes associated with aging has been receiving extensive attention. In our present work, the ageing model was induced by injection of 500 mg kgD-galactose daily for a period of eight weeks. The D-galactose-induced ageing mice model was used for evaluating the effect of GSPE on oxidative stress, inflammation levels and gut microbiota composition. D-Galactose induced oxidative damage and inflammation with a significant increase in malondialdehyde contents, myeloperoxidase activities and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as a reduction in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione. Treatment with different doses of GSPE could significantly improve the antioxidant capacity and inflammation levels in the liver and brain, which is accompanied by increased , , , and , as well as decreased  and . In addition, the high-dose GSPE group exhibited greater potential to delay the ageing process than the low-dose group. Our results also showed that GSPE administration could downregulate the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway for inhibiting inflammation levels in the brain tissue. This study provided a novel strategy to target the gut microbiota with regard to the effect of GSPE administration on alleviating aging-induced alterations  the gut microbiota-liver axis and gut microbiota-brain axis.

Alleviation effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on inflammation and oxidative stress in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota.

Jian Yang

School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes

Anhui University

Investigating the Alleviating Effects of Bacillus cereus Administration on Colitis through Gut Microbiota Modulation

Jian Yang

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}School of Life Sciences,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes

Anhui University

Investigating the Alleviating Effects of Bacillus cereus Administration on Colitis through Gut Microbiota Modulation

School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes