quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction-qpcr-based-rapid-diagnosis

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)-Based Rapid Diagnosis of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> Infection and Antibiotic Resistance

Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that&#160;infects approximately half of the global population and is becoming a serious health threat due to ...

Shenzhen university

The University of Western Australia

Zhengzhou University

Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with standard triple therapy are declining worldwide. The optimal management of H. pylori is evolving and new treatment combinations for antibiotic resistant H. pylori strains are required, especially for patients with penicillin allergy.

Helicobacter pylori eradication in Western Australia using novel quadruple therapy combinations.

The genome of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori encodes a large number of DNA methyltransferases (MTases), some of which are shared among many strains, and others of which are unique to a given strain. The MTases have potential roles in the survival of the bacterium. In this study, we sequenced a Malaysian H. pylori clinical strain, designated UM032, by using a combination of PacBio Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) and Illumina MiSeq next generation sequencing platforms, and used the SMRT data to characterize the set of methylated bases (the methylome).

The complete methylome of Helicobacter pylori UM032.

Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen that often causes otitis media in children, a disease that is not currently vaccine preventable. Asymptomatic colonisation of the human upper respiratory tract is common and lack of clearance by the immune system is likely due to the emergence of seroresistant genetic lineages. No active bacteriophages or prophages have been described in this species. This study was undertaken to identify and categorise prophages in M. catarrhalis, their genetic diversity and the relationship of such diversity with the host-species phylogeny.

Novel Moraxella catarrhalis prophages display hyperconserved non-structural genes despite their genomic diversity.

 is a successful human gastric pathogen that is associated with the development of gastric cancer. The draft genome sequences of 42  clinical strains isolated from South Indian rural populations will provide further insights into the evolution and genetic makeup of Indian  strains.

Draft Genome Sequences of 42  Isolates from Rural Regions of South India.

The present study explored the differences in gastric microbiome between three distinct populations of Southeast Asia. These include the isolated Orang Asli population and modern Malaysians, as well as patients from Myanmar, the least developed country in the region. All 79 subjects recruited in this study had  infection. Based on alpha diversity analysis, Orang Asli had the richest and most diverse gastric microbiome, followed by Myanmar and modern Malaysian groups. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant separation of samples between different populations. These observations are likely to be associated with the level of modernization of each population. Our data further suggested increased bacterial species richness and diversity of the gastric microbiome in individuals who were less modernized, particularly in the Orang Asli group, could suppress the growth of . In addition, there were significant variations in the gastric microbiome between modern Malaysians with different types of gastric diseases. Notably,   was present at significantly greater abundance level in patients with non-ulcerative dyspepsia than those with peptic-ulcer diagnosis. This suggests that  may also play a role in gastritis besides , which merits further investigation.

The Influence of Modernization and Disease on the Gastric Microbiome of Orang Asli, Myanmars and Modern Malaysians.

The urea breath test (UBT) is widely used for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection. In the Shenzhen Kuichong People's Hospital, some UBT findings were contradictory to the histology outcomes, therefore this study aimed to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of both C- and C-UBT assays.

A re-testing range is recommended for C- and C-urea breath tests for Helicobacter pylori infection in China.

Here we investigated nationwide clinical Bordetella pertussis isolated during 2005-2017 from different provinces of Iran, a country with more than 50 years whole cell vaccine immunisation history. Our results revealed the ongoing increase in the population of ptxP3/fim3-2 B. pertussis isolates in different provinces which were differentiated into nine clades. The largest clade (clade 8) which was previously found to be prevalent in Tehran was also prevalent across the country and clade 5 with ptxP3/prn9 genotype has also increased in frequency (14% of all ptxP3 isolates) in recent years. Furthermore, we detected the first ptxP3 B. pertussis isolates that does not express filamentous hemagglutinin (FhaB) as one of the major antigens of the pathogen and a key component of the acellular pertussis vaccine.

Evolutionary genomics of recent clinical Bordetella pertussis isolates from Iran: wide circulation of multiple ptxP3 lineages and report of the first ptxP3 filamentous hemagglutinin-negative B. pertussis.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various human genes are key factors in carcinogenesis. However, whether SNPs in bacterial pathogens are similarly crucial in cancer development is unknown. Here, we analyzed 1,043 genomes of the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori and pinpointed a SNP in the serine protease HtrA (position serine/leucine 171) that significantly correlates with gastric cancer. Our functional studies reveal that the 171S-to-171L mutation triggers HtrA trimer formation and enhances proteolytic activity and cleavage of epithelial junction proteins occludin and tumor-suppressor E-cadherin. 171L-type HtrA, but not 171S-HtrA-possessing H. pylori, inflicts severe epithelial damage, enhances injection of oncoprotein CagA into epithelial cells, increases NF-κB-mediated inflammation and cell proliferation through nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and promotes host DNA double-strand breaks, collectively triggering malignant changes. These findings highlight the 171S/L HtrA mutation as a unique bacterial cancer-associated SNP and as a potential biomarker for risk predictions in H. pylori infections.

Article	Year
Helicobacter pylori eradication in Western Australia using novel quadruple therapy combinations. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics\| PubMed ID: 23072648	2012
The complete methylome of Helicobacter pylori UM032. BMC genomics\| PubMed ID: 26031894	2015
Novel Moraxella catarrhalis prophages display hyperconserved non-structural genes despite their genomic diversity. BMC genomics\| PubMed ID: 26497500	2015
Draft Genome Sequences of 42 Isolates from Rural Regions of South India. Genome announcements\| PubMed ID: 29437093	2018
The Influence of Modernization and Disease on the Gastric Microbiome of Orang Asli, Myanmars and Modern Malaysians. Microorganisms\| PubMed ID: 31208001	2019
A re-testing range is recommended for C- and C-urea breath tests for Helicobacter pylori infection in China. Gut pathogens\| PubMed ID: 34118962	2021
Evolutionary genomics of recent clinical Bordetella pertussis isolates from Iran: wide circulation of multiple ptxP3 lineages and report of the first ptxP3 filamentous hemagglutinin-negative... Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases\| PubMed ID: 34171476	2021
A single-nucleotide polymorphism in Helicobacterpylori promotes gastric cancer development. Cell host & microbe\| PubMed ID: 37490912	2023

Alfred Chin Yen Tay

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