Chapter 2
分子、化合物和化学方程式
物质的原子理论
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter ...
亚原子粒子
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller ...
元素:化学符号和同位素
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is ...
离子和离子电荷
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains ...
元素周期表
As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping ...
原子质量
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 ...
摩尔质量
The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. For example, ...
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