14.3 : 血压的变化

The alterations in blood pressure include hypertension and hypotension.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure measurements on two different days exceed 130 mmHg and the diastolic pressure exceeds 80 mmHg.

The symptoms include blurry or double vision, nose bleeding, and palpitations.

It is classified into primary and secondary hypertension.

Primary hypertension has no identifiable causes, although some risk factors, like smoking or family history, may contribute to the illness.

Secondary hypertension arises due to underlying conditions, such as polycystic kidney disease and hyperthyroidism.

Next, hypotension, or low blood pressure, is diagnosed when the systolic pressure drops below 90 mmHg and the diastolic pressure falls below 60 mmHg.

Hypotensive symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, increased sweating, and tachycardia.

Hypotension can be classified into the following categories.

Orthostatic hypotension is caused by a change in position, particularly when rising from sitting or lying down.

Postprandial hypotension is a significant decrease in blood pressure following a meal.

Lastly, neurally mediated hypotension is caused when a person stands for too long.