1.4 : 药物浓度：测量

Drug concentration represents the drug amount present in a biological sample. It helps assess the initial drug pharmacokinetics in the body.

The samples can be obtained either invasively or non-invasively. Invasive approaches involve parenteral or surgical interventions to collect blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Non-invasive techniques provide samples such as urine, feces, and saliva.

Plasma, a blood component, is frequently used in drug pharmacokinetics studies. Unbound or protein-bound drugs in the circulation account for total plasma concentration. The unbound drug concentration in filtered plasma represents the concentration at the target site.

Tissue biopsies verify whether a drug reaches the target tissue at the desired concentration.

Urine analysis indirectly confirms the drug's bioavailability, reflecting systemic absorption rate, while fecal measurements indicate unabsorbed oral doses or drugs expelled via the bile.

Examining drug levels in autopsy tissues or bodily fluids provides potential causes of death, such as overdose, poisoning, or drug abuse.

药物浓度是指生物样本中药物的含量。测量生物样本中的药物含量可以让临床医生了解药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄方式。样本可以通过侵入性或非侵入性方法获取。侵入性技术包括手术或肠外干预，收集血液、脑脊液或组织活检。相反，非侵入性方法可提供尿液、粪便和唾液等样本。

血浆是血液的一种成分，常用于药代动力学研究。总血浆浓度包括未结合药物和与循环中的蛋白质结合的药物。过滤后的血浆中未结合药物的浓度表示靶位点的药物浓度。

组织活检可确认药物是否以所需的浓度到达目标组织。尿液分析可间接验证药物的生物利用度，反映全身吸收率。粪便测量可揭示未吸收的口服剂量或通过胆汁排出的药物。

在法医学中，检查尸检组织或体液中的药物水平可以发现潜在的死亡原因，例如用药过量、中毒或药物滥用。因此，测量药物浓度对于临床和法医学应用至关重要，可以提供有关药物功效、安全性和滥用情况的重要见解。

Tags

Drug Concentration Biological Samples Pharmacokinetics Plasma Concentration Unbound Drugs Invasive Techniques Non invasive Methods Tissue Biopsy Urine Analysis Fecal Measurements Drug Bioavailability Forensic Applications Overdose Drug Efficacy Drug Safety

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