4.19 : 镇静剂

Depressants are a class of drugs that slow down brain activity. They work by increasing the activity of inhibitory neurotransmitters like gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which promote calmness and relaxation.

There are several types of depressants.

Barbiturates reduce central nervous system activity, causing impaired memory and decision-making. Mixing them with alcohol can be fatal, and abrupt withdrawal may cause seizures.

Tranquilizers like Valium and Xanax reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Larger doses can cause drowsiness and confusion.

Alcohol, often mistaken for a stimulant, actually impairs judgment and motor coordination as consumption increases.

Combining alcohol with sedative-hypnotics significantly increases the risk of severe outcomes, such as overdose. For instance, mixing a tranquilizer like Valium with alcohol intensifies sedative effects, leading to severe respiratory depression, unconsciousness, or coma, posing life-threatening risks.

Opioids, another class of depressants, target the brain's endorphin receptors, relieve pain, and induce euphoria, but are highly addictive. Overdoses can suppress breathing and be fatal, especially when combined with alcohol.