5.14 : 泛化、辨别和消退

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning.

Generalization involves performing a reinforced behavior in similar situations. For example, if an employee is appreciated for meeting project deadlines, they may start submitting reports early for similar praise.

Generalization shows how learning in one setting influences behavior in others. For instance, a person receiving positive feedback for presentations at work may start volunteering for community events, expecting similar reinforcement.

Likewise, discrimination means responding appropriately to stimuli based on whether a behavior will be reinforced. For example, a student may study hard only when specific teachers encourage their effort, while they may study less in classes where teachers do not offer praise or encouragement.

Discrimination allows individuals to identify which stimuli or situations are likely to provide reinforcement.

Lastly, extinction occurs when a behavior is no longer reinforced, leading to a decrease in that particular behavior.

Extinction shows the need for consistent reinforcement to maintain learned behaviors.