登录

A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.

Two types of schemata are:

  1. Role Schema: This schema involves assumptions about individuals in specific roles. For example, meeting someone identified as a firefighter triggers the "firefighter schema," leading to assumptions about bravery and community orientation. However, these assumptions may not always be accurate, as these schemata can lead to biases and stereotypes. For example, individual motivations, personality traits, and behaviors vary widely, and relying on schemata can sometimes reinforce biases or stereotypes.
  2. Event Schema (Cognitive Script): This type includes routine behaviors. For instance, entering an elevator involves a series of expected actions, such as pressing the button corresponding to the correct floor and facing the door. Event schemata can vary across cultures, influencing behaviors like greetings. These automatic behaviors are hard to change. An example is the automatic response to reach for a ringing phone while driving, despite knowing the risks. Research shows that this schema-driven habit is challenging to break.

Schematas' efficiency in information processing are beneficial but can lead to inaccuracies and difficulties in behavior modification. Understanding the power and influence of schemata on our actions is crucial in fields like psychology, where changing harmful habits is essential

Tags

SchemaMental ConstructInformation ProcessingRole SchemaEvent SchemaCognitive ScriptBiasesStereotypesAutomatic BehaviorsBehavior ModificationPsychologyCultural Variations

来自章节 6:

article

Now Playing

6.4 : Schemata

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

31 Views

article

6.1 : Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

228 Views

article

6.2 : Concepts and Prototypes

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

52 Views

article

6.3 : Natural and Artificial Concepts

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

77 Views

article

6.5 : Language

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

170 Views

article

6.6 : Components of Language

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

191 Views

article

6.7 : Language Development

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

275 Views

article

6.8 : Language and Cognition

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

276 Views

article

6.9 : Problem-Solving

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

73 Views

article

6.10 : Trial and Error and Algorithm

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

50 Views

article

6.11 : Heuristics

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

45 Views

article

6.12 : Reasoning

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

35 Views

article

6.13 : Decision Making

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

68 Views

article

6.14 : Critical Thinking

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

52 Views

article

6.15 : Creative Thinking

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

128 Views

See More

JoVE Logo

政策

使用条款

隐私

科研

教育

关于 JoVE

版权所属 © 2025 MyJoVE 公司版权所有,本公司不涉及任何医疗业务和医疗服务。