A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.

Two types of schemata are:

1. Role Schema: This schema involves assumptions about individuals in specific roles. For example, meeting someone identified as a firefighter triggers the "firefighter schema," leading to assumptions about bravery and community orientation. However, these assumptions may not always be accurate, as these schemata can lead to biases and stereotypes. For example, individual motivations, personality traits, and behaviors vary widely, and relying on schemata can sometimes reinforce biases or stereotypes.
2. Event Schema (Cognitive Script): This type includes routine behaviors. For instance, entering an elevator involves a series of expected actions, such as pressing the button corresponding to the correct floor and facing the door. Event schemata can vary across cultures, influencing behaviors like greetings. These automatic behaviors are hard to change. An example is the automatic response to reach for a ringing phone while driving, despite knowing the risks. Research shows that this schema-driven habit is challenging to break.

Schematas' efficiency in information processing are beneficial but can lead to inaccuracies and difficulties in behavior modification. Understanding the power and influence of schemata on our actions is crucial in fields like psychology, where changing harmful habits is essential