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Method Article
rotorod测试是用来评估半侧帕金森模拟大鼠的行走运动的电机状态。
rotorod测试,在一个转鼓上行走的动物,被广泛用于评估在啮齿类实验动物的运动状态。性能测量的持续时间,动物保持鼓,转鼓转速的功能。在这里,我们报告的任务,提供了丰富的步行运动的定性方面的信息来源。因为运动是在一个固定的位置进行的,他们可以很容易地用高速视频记录方法研究。目前的研究进行了检查rotorod潜力揭示半帕金森模拟到右侧黑质纹状体束注射6 - 羟多巴胺(6 - OHDA)制作大鼠,步行运动的质的变化,消耗黑质纹状体多巴胺(DA )。翌日,手术开始,然后定期在未来的两个月中,老鼠是从正面,横向,和后部的看法拍摄,因为他们走进rotorod。帧帧回放视频记录的行为进行了分析。加强行为评定量表表明,半帕金森大鼠长期在他们的姿势和使用的肢体对侧的DA消耗受损。不仅显示姿势和运动异常,对侧肢体,他们参加发起和持续推进比同侧肢体。这些研究结果不仅揭示继发单方面的DA消耗新的赤字,但也表明,rotorod可以提供一个强大的工具,对运动的定性分析。
Rotorod步行仪
rotorod是一个旋转的圆柱体,直径4厘米,高出地面35厘米,由透明有机玻璃封闭固定。 rotorod缸覆盖质感的橡胶涂层,这有利于牵引。仪器的地板所用的泡沫层,以防止伤害动物下跌时。小型电动马达提供的电源打开通过橡胶带rotorod。 rotorod是轮换一次,每5秒
录像和运动学
一个高速的数码摄像机,用于拍摄动物,使用了1000秒的快门速度。而动物rotorod行走前,侧和后方的意见被摄制。两手臂尼康,信息产业部冷光源和光纤灯设置在录制过程中被用来提供足够的照明。磁带进行了分析帧一帧,使用了索尼DSR 20 DV CAM的甲板。使用图像采集卡和Macintosh计算机的视频帧被抓获。
测试过程和分析
为了评估步行6 - OHDA和对照组大鼠的运动之间的差异,从视频记录手术后的天15 - 30(任何病变的恢复可能会预计将基本完成后),由两个独立的研究盲目的实验条件下的观察员。 6 - OHDA黑质纹状体病变引起的大脑右半球,造成持久的损伤在左侧前后肢。 A级规模开发率老鼠的姿态和前肢跨步动作(Whishaw等,2003)。五,加强组件被评为:
下列标准被用来定义一个正常的运动:
每个动作被评为规模3点:1 = /运动就像一个对照组大鼠,0.5 = /运动出现轻度异常,0 = /运动显然是不正常的(Whishaw等,2003)。然后用此评定量表评估五个加强运动,从各组大鼠术后天1,3,5,7,9,和15。五项措施分数平均每天每个大鼠,结果天作为一个重复测量方差分析。
走在6 - OHDA和对照组大鼠rotorod概述
运动评定量表是适用于术后定性运动分析测试会话。 6 - OHDA病变组测试会议期间,收到了显着较低的分数比对照组,F(1,8)= 33.2,P <0.001,但考试当天没有显着的效果,也没有显着的集团测试日的相互作用。加强分数,然后分别与作为一个变量的前肢(6 - OHDA大鼠对侧病灶与病灶同侧的前肢前肢为对照组,与左右爪子爪子)的分析。是前肢,F(1,40)= 15.8,P <0.01有显着疗效,并有一个显着的交互作用,F(1,40)= 15.0,P <0.01前肢集团。后续t -检验表明,收到的6 - OHDA组对侧病变前肢比同侧病变前肢或对照组大鼠,没有差异的前肢的得分显着降低。为了确定运动的组成部分穷人分数由6 - OHDA组获得,姿势的措施作出了贡献加强循环的6 - OHDA组同侧和对侧前肢的各个组成部分进行了比较,对照组大鼠中获得的值。 6 - OHDA组不同的姿势和对侧肢体加强组件,但没有同侧肢体的组成部分(P <0.05)。
在控制和6 - OHDA大鼠姿势的定性和描述性的差异
在对照组大鼠,头部保持在一个水平位置,以及配套的前肢和后肢跨越鼓,形成了支撑拱。 6 - OHDA大鼠通常走到头受损前肢定位紧密联系起来(面向观众)和更高的感光鼓表面上发生较对照组大鼠同侧肢体或四肢(为对照组大鼠的视频评分“1”的姿势,和“0”分6 - OHDA病变动物)。通常情况下,异常的姿势可以看出,从老鼠的头部的相对位置一目了然。
前肢加强
在控制序列,加强前肢抬起弯曲的肩膀,肘部和手腕。由于肢体被解除,是松散的数字弯曲,肢体,远高于感光鼓表面解除。当患肢是先进的,它是在肩部,肘部和手腕延长,因为它是放在数字是扩展和开放。在对照组相比,DA耗尽大鼠对侧肢体病变的所有组件的幅度衰减。肢体释放鼓后,解除少,是先进的,在较短距离比是控制前肢。此外,肢体解除时,数字是弯曲的多,当患肢放置,扩展和开放的数字少于一个对照组大鼠的。一旦达到鼓顶部控制前肢抬起,手腕弯曲抬起的爪子和前瞻性,延长肢体的进步和手腕。相比之下,6 - OHDA大鼠对侧病变前肢进行进一步尾端鼓的运动,从而释放后依然延续手腕。屈曲手腕,似乎是被动的,发生鼓的运动落后的数字,时提出,前肢的爪子和前臂不升空的感光鼓表面清楚。一个对照组大鼠的前肢以及向前延伸的数字,随着肢体的进步打开。由于肢体上,它是放在一个琶音运动,与数字接触表面的鼓第一5,随后先后由4位数字,3和2。相比之下,6 - OHDA大鼠肢体解除和扩展,数字延长,他们几乎同时接触了“巴掌”鼓表面。视频显示在控制动物的前肢加强,取得了为“1”,并在6 - OHDA病变动物,主要为“0”所取得的前肢加强运动运动。
步进后肢
在6 - OHDA大鼠对侧病变的后肢也有损伤。由于控制后肢向后移动,它似乎对转动的滚筒推,因为它这样做,脚尖向外旋转。由于肢体向前移动,脚向外摆动。 6 - 羟基多巴胺大鼠后肢直接向后移动,磁鼓旋转,如果有的话,变成略微向内。由于肢体向前移动,脚下是进行直接转发。对照组大鼠外摆,因为它是先进的,脚趾举行高于脚踝的脚,脚趾延长。在对照组大鼠的位置,脚趾5点分布在第一和重量鼓表面的脚趾和掌心。相比之下,6 - 羟基多巴胺大鼠脚趾弯曲期间携带和安置是没有琶音运动。对照组大鼠的脚趾都公布在扭转琶音模式,5趾解除和脚趾1最后解除。这一运动是缺少在6 - OHDA病变大鼠踝关节保持其弯曲的姿势进行运动期间。再次提前6 - OHDA大鼠运动减弱,肢体少exorotated,解除少,和先进低于对照组大鼠。作为对照组大鼠置于他们的脚趾,他们扩大和开放,这样,脚趾5点横向相对于大鼠的身体。 5趾接触大鼠支持脚趾提示其重量由剩余的脚趾先跟着鼓。 6 - 羟基多巴胺大鼠,脚趾有点弯曲的脚是结转,脚趾到脚踝的水平相对较低,有脚趾开幕时脚放在鼓上。步幅也较对照组短。为了量化CONT之间的差异ROL和6 - OHDA后肢运动,升降机及释放的组件,携带,进步,和额定位置上规模3点,前肢。措施上手术后20天的视频记录,以及各组大鼠的额定三个步骤的周期。有显着的组间差异,F(1,8)= 47.6,P <0.001。后续的组件t -检验表明,对照组大鼠的所有组件收到显着较高的分数比6 - OHDA大鼠的组成部分。视频显示在控制动物的后肢加紧动作,分别为“1”取得。后肢加强在视频显示,在6 - OHDA的变动,主要是堪称一个“0”的得分。
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本研究的目的是研究是否可以用于定性检查的姿势,前肢加强和后肢踩着在中枢神经系统损伤大鼠rotorod灭鼠运动技能测试。单方面DA枯竭和对照组大鼠进行了分析,录制的视频前,外侧和后侧的意见。一个姿势和前肢动作的评定量表表明,加强运动,手术后长期受损。肢体运动的研究表明,而DA耗尽的老鼠可以使用支持病变对侧肢体,他们收到的转移重量极少使用。这项研究的结果表明rotorod任务,除了提供定量?...
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由加拿大卫生研究院,加拿大中风网络,和阿尔伯塔省文物基金会的医学研究机构的拨款支持。
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A correction was made to: Use of Rotorod as a Method for the Qualitative Analysis of Walking in Rat. An additional paragraph was added to the discussion, the abstract was modified, and another reference was included.
Additional reference:
15. Whishaw IQ, Li K, Whishaw PA, Gorny B, Metz GA. Distinct forelimb and hind limb stepping impairments in unilateral dopamine-depleted rats: use of the rotorod as a method for the qualitative analysis of skilled walking. J Neurosci Meth 126, 13-23 (2003).
Revised Abstract:
High speed videoanalysis of the details of movement can provide a source of information about qualitative aspects of walking movements. When walking on a rotorod, animals remain in approximately the same place making repetitive movements of stepping. Thus the task provides a rich source of information on the details of foot stepping movements. Subjects were hemi-Parkinson analogue rats, produced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right nigrostriatal bundle to deplete nigrostriatal dopamine (DA). The present report provides a video analysis illustration of animals previously were filmed from frontal, lateral, and posterior views as they walked (15). Rating scales and frame-by-frame replay of the video records of stepping behavior indicated that the hemi-Parkinson rats were chronically impaired in posture and limb use contralateral to the DA-depletion. The contralateral limbs participated less in initiating and sustaining propulsion than the ipsilateral limbs. These deficits secondary to unilateral DA-depletion show that the rotorod provides a use task for the analysis of stepping movements.
Additional Discussion Paragraph:
A more detailed presentation of the present study has been made (Whishaw et al, 2003), but the present study presents the video support describing the stepping movement in the good and affected limbs of unilateral dopamine-depleted rats. For the analysis, rats with unilateral DA depletions and control rats were video recorded from front, lateral and posterior views. A rating scale of posture and forelimb movements indicated that stepping movements were chronically impaired following surgery. Examination of limb movements indicated that whereas the DA-depleted rats could use the limbs contralateral to the lesion for support, they received minimal use for shifting weight. The results of this study indicate that the rotorod task, in addition to providing quantitative measures of motor impairments, can also provide insights into the qualitative impairments.
Original Abstract:
The rotorod test, in which animals walk on a rotating drum, is widely used to assess motor status in laboratory rodents. Performance is measured by the duration that an animal stays up on the drum as a function of drum speed. Here we report that the task provides a rich source of information about qualitative aspects of walking movements. Because movements are performed in a fixed location, they can readily be examined using high-speed video recording methods. The present study was undertaken to examine the potential of the rotorod to reveal qualitative changes in the walking movements of hemi-Parkinson analogue rats, produced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right nigrostriatal bundle to deplete nigrostriatal dopamine (DA). Beginning on the day following surgery and then periodically over the next two months, the rats were filmed from frontal, lateral, and posterior views as they walked on the rotorod. Behavior was analyzed by frame-by-frame replay of the video records. Rating scales of stepping behavior indicated that the hemi-Parkinson rats were chronically impaired in their posture and in the use of the limbs contralateral to the DA-depletion. The contralateral limbs not only displayed postural and movement abnormalities, they participated less in initiating and sustaining propulsion than did the ipsilateral limbs. These findings not only reveal new deficits secondary to unilateral DA-depletion, but also show that the rotorod can provide a robust tool for the qualitative analysis of movement.
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