这项工作得到了山东省中医药科技计划项目（2021Q080）和齐鲁中医药学院学校传承项目[鲁维信（2022）93]的支持。

该研究获得山东中医药大学附属医院伦理委员会批准（批准文号：2020-29）。
1.实验动物
<ol><li>在标准单笼（12小时光/暗循环，温度20-24°C，空气湿度40%-60%）中饲养18,6个月大的正常级雄性新西兰兔（2.75±0.25kg）。</li>
</ol>2.分组方式
<ol><li>使用随机数法从 18 只新西兰兔子中选择 6 只作为假组，并将剩余的 12 只兔子分配到建模组。</li>
	<li>建模成功后，按随机数法将建模组兔子分为模型组和推拿组，每组6只兔子。</li>
	<li>在推拿组进行推拿干预。在没有推拿的情况下，在假组和模型组中进行相同的抓握和固定。每隔一天运行一次，持续 4 周（图 1）。</li>
</ol>3. KOA模型的建立
<ol><li>在第 1 周对处于标准状态的兔子进行适应性喂养。随意获得水和食物。将兔子右侧放在兔子固定盒中，使它们每天平静15分钟。将他们的头固定在头部固定板上。固定紧固板和螺钉，使兔子无法移动。抓握和固定兔子时戴上防护手套（图1）。</li>
	<li>在第 2 周的第 1、4 和 7 天，将所有 18 只兔子放在兔子固定盒的右侧（图 1）。执行以下操作。</li>
	<li>将3%戊巴比妥钠（1ml / kg）注射到兔子的边缘耳静脉中。用动物剃须刀剃掉兔子的左膝关节，使裸露的皮肤上没有毛发。</li>
	<li>使用医用碘伏和75%酒精从内到外对兔子的左膝关节进行消毒（图2A）。</li>
	<li>将兔子的左膝关节弯曲 60°。插入 Waixiyan 的针头（22G，0.7 mm x 30 mm）。将4%木瓜蛋白酶溶液（0.1mL / kg，2.5kg动物平均0.275mL）注射到建模组的膝关节腔中。将等量的0.9%氯化钠溶液注入假基团中。这种注射剂量对动物的耐受性良好，而不会引起疼痛或痛苦的证据（图2B）。 注：外西燕（EX-LE5）位于髌韧带外侧凹陷，内西燕（EX-LE4）位于髌韧带内侧凹陷20、21、22。</li>
	<li>按压针孔2分钟，以避免溶液溢出。</li>
	<li>将双手放在兔子左膝关节的上方和下方。轻轻被动地弯曲兔子的膝关节，并在生理运动范围（ROM）内伸展10次，使溶液均匀地渗入膝关节腔15。在建模期间每8小时观察一次兔子。当兔子出现隐藏、四肢颤抖、呼吸浅而急促，甚至咬伤和抓挠的迹象时，给予丁丙诺啡 SR （0.18 mg/kg）。</li>
	<li>在第 7 周，观察兔子的左膝屈曲姿势肿胀，膝盖周围肌张力增加，伴有结节和条纹，局部疼痛刺激反应增加，膝关节活动度降低，步态跛行，重心向健康侧转移。这决定了KOA模型的成功（图1，图2C）23,24。</li>
</ol>4. 推拿手法
<ol><li>在推拿操作之前，使用推拿技术参数测定仪进行训练。由同一位专业人员每天训练 1 小时，持续 1 个月。<ol><li>用拇指在推拿操作模拟平台上以5N的力和60次/分钟的频率进行旋转揉捏和按压方法（图3A，C）。</li>
		<li>通过推拿操作参数处理软件分析X、Y、Z轴三个方向的力，并检查屏幕上显示的力的大小、频率和作用时间（图3B、D）。</li>
		<li>评估推拿操作的机械参数，并在训练期间使用软件对推拿操作进行标准化。用拇指保持标准化的旋转揉捏和按压方法，力为5N，频率为60次/分钟，连续操作时间为10分钟。参见图3B，D 25,26,27中操作的标准化定量波形。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>将兔子放在兔子固定盒的右侧。轻轻抚摸兔子 10 秒，以舒缓和放松兔子21.然后进行推拿干预。</li>
	<li>用拇指在兔子的左膝周肌肉僵硬，肌腱结和髌骨上进行旋转揉捏方法，以5N的力和60次/ min的频率上下往返操作5分钟。</li>
	<li>用拇指端按杨灵泉（GB 34）、银灵泉（SP 9）、外西岩（EX-LE5）、内西烟（EX-LE4）、鹤鼎（EX-LE2）、雪海（SP 10）、良球（ST 34）、卫中（BL 40）20、21、22，力5N，频率60次/min，各点操作30秒。</li>
	<li>在兔膝关节上执行旋转矫正方法，并分别对组中的每只动物执行3次。<ol><li>用一只手固定股骨。先将另一只手放在膝关节后面，然后分别用拇指和无名指固定胫骨外侧和内侧髁。用食指和中指固定腘窝。施加牵引力和扭转力。</li>
		<li>用一只手固定股骨。用另一只手的拇指和小指固定髌骨的内侧和外侧边缘。用食指、中指和无名指固定髌骨根部。施加扭转力。</li>
		<li>保持牵引力方向与胫骨长轴平行，扭转力方向与下西岩方向一致。用手指将皮肤固定到位，以避免皮肤和手指之间发生摩擦。</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>5. 膝关节ROM的测量
注意： 测量前，让兔子平静下来。测量统计员和操作员彼此不同。
<ol><li>在实验开始和每周结束时测量每组兔子左膝关节的活动度。</li>
	<li>将兔子放在兔子固定盒的右侧，用一只手固定其左股骨。</li>
	<li>将医用关节镜的圆圈中心与兔子左膝关节的外侧中心对齐。延长固定臂，使其平行于连接圆中心和大转子的线延伸。伸展活动臂，使其平行于胫骨的纵轴。</li>
	<li>将另一只手放在胫骨的纵轴上，距离膝关节约 9 厘米。以 750°/s 的角速度手动施加大约 850-3 g 的扭矩28.</li>
	<li>执行此操作直到兔子的膝关节不再移动。记录测角仪在关节停止移动时显示的度数;这是膝关节ROM。阅读时，请确保视线垂直于尺子表面。</li>
	<li>测量每个膝盖的 ROM 3 次并取平均值28。</li>
</ol>6.苏木精-伊红（HE）染色
<ol><li>样品采集<ol><li>在干预结束后1周（图1），将兔子右侧放在兔子固定盒中（兔子躺在右侧时更有可能保持放松）。将戊巴比妥（100mg / kg）注射到兔子的耳边静脉中，以进行人道安乐死29,30。</li>
		<li>用手术刀、剪刀和止血钳快速打开左膝腔，去除附着在股骨远端软骨周围的软组织。</li>
		<li>用咬合镊子收集股骨远端约 1 cm x 1 cm 的软骨标本，并将其放入生理盐水中进行清洁。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>固定和脱钙<ol><li>将软骨置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中并固定72小时。</li>
		<li>用流水冲洗12小时。在乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）脱钙溶液中脱钙6周。每 3 天更换一次 EDTA 脱钙溶液。当骨组织变得柔软有弹性，可以很容易地弯曲，并用针头顺利刺穿时，确定脱钙的终点31。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>包埋部分脱水<ol><li>将试样放入自动脱水机中进行脱水。</li>
		<li>将打蜡和修剪的组织放在装有溶解石蜡的方形容器的底部1小时。将它们放入冷却炉中，直到冷却并凝固成硬块。在切片机中将石蜡包埋的组织块切成4μm的厚度。</li>
		<li>在漂白机中展开部分，然后将它们放在粘合剂载玻片上，编号，然后用切片烘烤机和烤箱烘干。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>脱蜡和补水<ol><li>将切片在65°C烘烤60分钟。</li>
		<li>将切片浸泡在二甲苯中 7 分钟，然后在新鲜二甲苯中再浸泡 2 轮，每次浸泡 7 分钟。</li>
		<li>将切片浸泡在无水乙醇中5分钟，然后在95%乙醇，85%乙醇和75%乙醇中分别浸泡2分钟。</li>
		<li>将切片浸泡在蒸馏水中2分钟。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>苏木精染色：用苏木精染色切片 20 秒。用流水冲洗部分。将切片浸泡在盐酸乙醇分馏中3秒。用自来水冲洗切片 5 分钟。</li>
	<li>曙红复染：用曙红染色切片 30 秒。用自来水冲洗部分。</li>
	<li>脱水以确保样品的透明度<ol><li>将切片放入95%乙醇中两次，每次3秒，然后放入无水乙醇中3秒。</li>
		<li>再次，将切片置于无水乙醇中1分钟，然后进行2轮二甲苯洗涤，每次1分钟。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>切片密封：取出切片，滴上中性口香糖密封剂，盖上盖玻片，让切片在通风橱中晾干，直到无味。</li>
	<li>拍摄样品：在光学显微镜的视场下以 100 倍的镜头观察和拍摄。</li>
	<li>评估：通过每组32 的 Mankin 评分评估软骨组织。</li>
</ol>7. 数据分析
<ol><li>使用分析软件对实验数据进行统计分析。当数据采用正态分布时，通过t检验比较两组样本，通过单因素方差分析比较多组样本。</li>
	<li>将结果表示为平均值±标准差 （SD）。使用商业软件将结果表示为统计图。差异在 p < 0.05 时具有统计学意义。</li>
</ol>

兔模型中用推拿治疗膝关节骨关节炎

作者声明没有潜在的利益冲突。

实验方案的设计对于研究推拿治疗KOA的机制尤为重要。通过在Waixiyan注射木瓜蛋白酶对兔子进行KOA建模。外显妍位于髌韧带外隐窝内，易于定位，膝关节屈曲时股骨与胫骨的关节间隙较大，便于注入膝关节腔，防止损伤周围组织，因此易于建立KOA模型34。在KOA兔推拿干预期间，模型兔被适当定位以利于推拿给药。兔子被放在兔子固定盒中，身体健康，头部固定，情绪得到安抚，全...

膝骨关节炎（KOA）是一种膝关节退行性疾病，主要表现为膝关节疼痛、肿胀、变形、活动受限等，致残率高，女性患病率较高，2019年全球骨关节炎患者5.2781亿，其全球患病率占OA全球总患病率的60.6%1.临床上，KOA的治疗通常分为非手术治疗和手术治疗。非手术治疗包括物理治疗、药物治疗和富血小板血浆注射治疗 2,3。推拿是中医常用、安全、可靠、有效的治疗方法。本研究采用推拿结合膝关节旋转矫正法治疗KOA。推拿技术，如旋转揉捏和按压法，可以平衡肌肉组织，减轻疼痛，调节炎症因子水平，改善组织代谢，抑制关节软骨退化4,5。膝关节旋转矫正法可以调整下肢骨骼和关节的对齐方式，改善膝关节间隙，恢复正常受力线，平衡下肢生物力学6,7,8,9。抗阻运动可以增强肌肉质量和力量，促进软骨组织更新10,11。一项初步研究发现，这种推拿方案在治疗 KOA 方面明显比口服硫酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊更有效，起效更快，并显着抑制软骨细胞变性和受损软骨组织的修复12。在KOA的治疗中，与推拿治疗相比，非甾体抗炎药有不良反应和不理想的长期疗效，手术风险和费用相对较高，并且需要一定的适应证才能进行手术治疗，并伴有术后问题和假体周围并发症13,14,15.与药物治疗和手术相比，推拿治疗 KOA 具有多种优势，包括减少副作用、降低风险、增强安全性、成本效益和更持久的疗效。此外，它还可以有效缓解膝关节疼痛、肿胀、爆裂和活动受限 6,13,16,17。
然而，推拿治疗KOA的机制有待明确，这限制了KOA治疗方案的改进和完善。因此，通过动物实验研究推拿干预KOA的机制是一种有效的方法。与老鼠相比，兔子具有温顺的气质和较大的膝关节。其解剖结构和软骨生化指标与人类相似，是推拿18研究膝关节病机制的合适课题。将木瓜蛋白酶注射到兔膝关节腔中建立的KOA模型具有建模时间短、创伤小、成功率高、存活率高、病理机制与KOA19相似等优点。本研究旨在建立推拿干预KOA的科学可行的动物实验方案，并探讨推拿的机制。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.9 % sodium chloride injection</td>
			<td>Sichuan Keren Pharmaceutical Co.</td>
			<td>Z22121903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-20&#176;C refrigerator</td>
			<td>Haier</td>
			<td>BD-328WL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4 % fixative solution</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>P1110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#176;C refrigerator</td>
			<td>Haier</td>
			<td>SC-315DS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrous ethanol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Automatic tissue dewatering machine</td>
			<td>Dakowei (Shenzhen) Medical Equipment Co.</td>
			<td>HP30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blast drying oven</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co.</td>
			<td>DHG-9070A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslip</td>
			<td>Biyuntian</td>
			<td>FCGF50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric thermostat water bath</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co.</td>
			<td>HWS-26</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embedding freezing table</td>
			<td>Changzhou Paishijie Medical Equipment Co.</td>
			<td>BM450</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Embedding machine</td>
			<td>Changzhou Paishijie Medical Equipment Co.</td>
			<td>BM450A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decalcification solution</td>
			<td>Servicebio</td>
			<td>G1105-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescent inverted microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Leica DM IL LED</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin-eosin staining kit</td>
			<td>Cisco Jet</td>
			<td>EE0012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Laiyang Economic and Technological Development Zone Fine Chemical Plant</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical joint goniometer</td>
			<td>KOSLO</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neutral gum</td>
			<td>Cisco Jet</td>
			<td>EE0013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal-grade male New Zealand rabbit</td>
			<td>Jinan Xilingjiao Breeding and Breeding Center</td>
			<td>SCXK (Lu) 2020 0004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Papain(3000 U/mg)</td>
			<td>Bioss</td>
			<td>D10366</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pathological tissue bleaching and drying instrument</td>
			<td>Changzhou Paishijie Medical Equipment Co.</td>
			<td>PH60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pet electric clippers</td>
			<td>Codos</td>
			<td>CP-3180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit fixing box</td>
			<td>any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotating Slicer</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>531CM-Y43</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tuina technique parameter determination instrument</td>
			<td>Shanghai DuKang Instrument Equipment Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td>ZTC-<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/65763/65763eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ventilator</td>
			<td>TALY ELECTRIC</td>
			<td>C32</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Fuyu Reagent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tuina intervention in rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis

膝骨关节炎（KOA）的主要特征是膝关节软骨和周围软组织的退行性变化。推拿治疗KOA的疗效已得到证实，但其潜在机制有待研究。本研究旨在建立推拿治疗的KOA兔模型，以揭示其潜在机制。为此，将 18 只 6 个月大的正常级雄性新西兰兔随机分为假手术组、模型组和推拿组，每组 6 只兔子。将4%木瓜蛋白酶溶液注入膝关节腔中，建立KOA模型。推拿组采用推拿联合膝关节旋转矫正法干预4周。在假手术组和模型组中仅进行标准抓握和固定。在1周的干预结束时，观察膝关节关节活动度（ROM），并进行软骨苏木精-伊红（HE）染色。研究表明，推拿可以抑制软骨细胞凋亡，修复软骨组织，恢复膝关节活动度。综上所述，本研究证明了推拿治疗KOA模型兔的科学可行性，凸显了其在KOA和类似膝关节相关疾病研究中的潜在应用。

膝关节活动受限和软骨组织损伤的程度反映了 KOA 的严重程度。膝关节的 ROM 反映了膝关节运动的限制程度。膝关节活动度越小，膝关节活动受限越严重。相反，膝关节ROM越大，膝关节运动程度越正常。HE染色观察软骨组织的形态和结构，反映软骨组织损伤程度。软骨组织表面越不规则，裂缝和缺损的存在越多，软骨细胞数量越少，软骨层厚度越薄，细胞排列越无序，细胞分布越不均匀，层越不清?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using a Rabbit Model to Explore the Efficacy of Tuina in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis at JoVE.com

作者聚焦：使用兔子模型探索推拿治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效 

该协议描述了一种在膝骨关节炎的兔子模型中进行推拿干预的方法。

推拿干预膝骨关节炎兔模型

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is mainly characterized by degenerative changes in the knee joint's cartilage and surrounding soft tissues. The efficacy of ...

在比较两种类型的治疗和手术时，推拿治疗全膝骨关节炎具有多种优势，包括减少副作用、降低风险、增强安全性、成本效益和更持久的疗效。此外，它还可以有效消除膝关节疼痛、肿胀、爆裂和活动受限。这项研究提供了一个科学合理、负担得起的研究细节，将有助于探索推拿治疗膝关节疾病有效性的潜在机制。本研究证明了推拿治疗膝骨关节炎模型疣的科学可行性，突出了其在膝骨关节炎和类似膝关节相关疾病研究中的潜在应用。

tuina-intervention-in-rabbit-model-of-knee-osteoarthritis

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Tuina Intervention in Rabbit Model of Knee Osteoarthritis

1.3K 次观看.  Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 在比较两种类型的治疗和手术时，推拿治疗全膝骨关节炎具有多种优势，包括减少副作用、降低风险、增强安全性、成本效益和更持久的疗效。此外，它还可以有效消除膝关节疼痛、肿胀、爆裂和活动受限。这项研究提供了一个科学合理、负担得起的研究细节，将有助于探索推拿治疗膝关节疾病有效性的潜在机制。本研究证明了推拿治疗膝骨关节炎模型疣的科学可行性?...

视频: 作者聚焦：使用兔子模型探索推拿治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效 

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Here, based on a clinician&rsquo;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in addition to a clinical, functional assessment methodology, including details for further encouragement of the development of non-drug surgical intervention strategies in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, we only present the effect of LBPP training in improvement of pain and knee function in one patient through three-dimensional gait analysis. The exact, long-term effects of this approach should be explored in future studies.

Here, based on a clinician&#8217;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in addition to a clinical, functional assessment methodology, including details for further encouragement of the development of non-drug surgical intervention strategies in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, we only present the effect of LBPP training in improvement of pain and knee function in one patient through three-dimensional gait analysis. The exact, long-term effects of this approach should be explored in future studies.

下体正压跑步机用于膝关节骨关节炎康复

Here, based on a clinician&rsquo;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in ...

科研

医学

大鼠膝骨关节炎的标准化推拿手法

Tuina Manipulation to Reduce Inflammation and Cartilage Loss in Knee Osteoarthritis Rats

Clinical trials suggest that Tuina manipulation is effective in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA), while further studies are required to discover its mechanism. Therefore, the manipulation of animal models of knee osteoarthritis is critical. This protocol provides a standard process for Tuina manipulation on KOA rats and a preliminary exploration of the mechanism of Tuina for KOA. The press and kneading manipulation method (a kind of Tuina manipulation that refers to pressing and kneading the specific area of the body surface) is applied on 5 acupoints around the knee joint of rats. The force and frequency of the manipulation were standardized by finger pressure recordings, and the position of the rat during manipulation is described in detail in the protocol. The effect of manipulation can be measured by pain behavior tests and microscopic findings in synovial and cartilage. KOA rats showed significant improvement in pain behavior. The synovial tissue inflammatory infiltration was reduced in the Tuina group, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&#945; was significantly lower. Compared to the control group, chondrocyte apoptosis was less in the Tuina group. This study provides a standardized protocol for Tuina manipulation on KOA rats and preliminary proof that the therapeutic effects of Tuina may be related to reducing synovial inflammation and delayed chondrocyte apoptosis.

作者聚焦:了解大鼠推拿操作的机制 

We present a protocol for Tuina manipulation performed on plaster-immobilized-induced knee osteoarthritis rats. Based on the preliminary results, it suggested that the efficacy of the method relied on the reduction of inflammation and cartilage loss.

推拿操作以减少膝关节骨关节炎大鼠的炎症和软骨损失

Clinical trials suggest that Tuina manipulation is effective in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA), while further studies are required to discover its ...

使用改进的 Videman 方法在兔子中建立 KOA 模型

Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department, which seriously reduces the quality of life of people with KOA. Among several pathogenic factors, the biomechanical imbalance of the knee joint is one of the main causes of KOA. Acupotomology believes that restoring the mechanical balance of the knee joint is the key to treating KOA. Clinical studies have shown that acupotomy can effectively reduce pain and improve knee mobility by reducing adhesion, contracture of soft tissues, and stress concentration points in muscles and tendons around the knee joint. 
In this protocol, we used the modified Videman method to establish a KOA model by immobilizing the left hindlimb in a straight position. We have outlined the method of operation and the precautions related to acupotomy in detail and evaluated the efficacy of acupotomy in conjunction with the theory of "Modulating Muscles and Tendons to Treat Bone Disorders" through the detection of the mechanical properties of quadriceps femoris and tendon, as well as cartilage mechanics and morphology. The results show that acupotomy has a protective effect on cartilage by adjusting the mechanical properties of the soft tissues around the knee joint, improving the cartilage stress environment, and delaying cartilage degeneration.

作者聚焦:研究针尖切开术治疗膝骨关节炎的作用机制

In this protocol, a knee osteoarthritis model was prepared using the modified Videman method, and the operation procedures and precautions of acupotomy are detailed. The effectiveness of acupotomy has been demonstrated by testing the mechanical properties of quadriceps femoris and tendon and the mechanical and morphological properties of cartilage.

针灸术在兔膝骨关节炎模型中的应用

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department, which seriously reduces the quality of life of ...

A Reproducible Cartilage Impact Model to Generate Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in the Rabbit

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is responsible for 12% of all osteoarthritis cases in the United States. PTOA can be initiated by a single traumatic event, such as a high-impact load acting on articular cartilage, or by joint instability, as occurs with anterior cruciate ligament rupture. There are no effective therapeutics to prevent PTOA currently. Developing a reliable animal model of PTOA is necessary to better understand the mechanisms by which cartilage damage proceeds and to investigate novel treatment strategies to alleviate or prevent the progression of PTOA. This protocol describes an open, drop tower-based rabbit femoral condyle impact model to induce cartilage damage. This model delivered peak loads of 579.1 &plusmn; 71.1 N, and peak stresses of 81.9 &plusmn; 10.1 MPa with a time-to-peak load of 2.4 &plusmn; 0.5 ms. Articular cartilage from impacted medial femoral condyles (MFCs) had higher rates of apoptotic cells (p = 0.0058) and possessed higher Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores of 3.38 &plusmn; 1.43 compared to the non-impacted contralateral MFCs (0.56 &plusmn; 0.42), and other cartilage surfaces of the impacted knee (p &lt; 0.0001). No differences in OARSI scores were detected among the non-impacted articular surfaces (p &gt; 0.05).

The open medial femoral condyle impact model in rabbits is reliable for studying post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) and novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate PTOA progression. This protocol generates an isolated cartilage defect of the posterior medial femoral condyle in rabbits using a carriage-based drop tower with an impactor head.

一种可重复的软骨冲击模型在兔子中产生创伤后骨关节炎

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is responsible for 12% of all osteoarthritis cases in the United States. PTOA can be initiated by a single traumatic ...

推拿按摩治疗膝骨关节炎的治疗潜力

Tuina Intervention in Sodium Monoiodoacetate Injection-Induced Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a common degenerative joint disorder, is characterized by chronic pain and disability, which can progress to irreparable structural damage of the joint. Investigations into the link between articular cartilage, muscles, synovium, and other tissues surrounding the knee joint in KOA are of great importance. Currently, managing KOA includes lifestyle modifications, exercise, medication, and surgical interventions; however, the elucidation of the intricate mechanisms underlying KOA-related pain is still lacking. Consequently, KOA pain remains a key clinical challenge and a therapeutic priority. Tuina has been found to have a regulatory effect on the motor, immune, and endocrine systems, prompting the exploration of whether Tuina could alleviate KOA symptoms, caused by the upregulation of inflammatory factors, and further, if the inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle can augment the progression of KOA.
We randomized 32 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (180-220 g) into four groups of eight animals each: antiPD-L1+Tuina (group A), model (group B), Tuina (group C), and sham surgery (group D). For groups A, B, and C, we injected 25 &#181;L of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) solution (4 mg MIA diluted in 25 &#181;L of sterile saline solution) into the right knee joint cavity, and for group D, the same amount of sterile physiological saline was injected. All the groups were evaluated using the least to most stressful tests (paw mechanical withdrawal threshold, paw withdrawal thermal latency, swelling of the right knee joint, Lequesne MG score, skin temperature) before injection and 2, 9, and 16 days after injection.

作者聚焦：推拿治疗膝骨关节炎 - 新视角 

This protocol describes the methods of Tuina intervention in sodium monoiodoacetate injection-induced rat model of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), which provides a reference for the application of Tuina in KOA animal models. This protocol also studies the effective mechanism of Tuina for KOA, and the results will help promote its application.

单碘乙酸钠注射液诱导膝骨关节炎大鼠模型的推拿干预

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a common degenerative joint disorder, is characterized by chronic pain and disability, which can progress to irreparable ...