assembling ha-cov-2 particles by cotransfection of hek293t cells for quantification of sars-cov-2 variants

定量 SARS-CoV-2 变体中疫苗诱导的中和抗体

As of May 2023, there have now been more than 766 million COVID-19 cases1. Despite worldwide vaccination campaigns, SARS-CoV-2 continuously circulates and infects people, largely due to the emergence of new variants such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) that drive new waves of infection2,3,4. Given that SARS-CoV-2 is constantly evolving, it is important to develop quick assays that can accurately measure the infectivity of emerging variants and the effectiveness of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against these variants. These assays are essential for pandemic surveillance and for determining the efficacy of vaccines and their variant-specific boosters.
Due to the highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requires that the study of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is conducted in biosafety level (BSL) 3 facilities5,6. This BSL-3 requirement limits the use of live viruses for quantifying the infectivity of viral variants and their neutralizing antibodies in common research and clinical laboratories. In addition, traditional SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays, such as the plaque- or cytopathic effect-based assays using replication-competent live viruses, are time-consuming and require long incubation periods7. Several spike (S) protein-pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses have been developed to quantify the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies8,9,10,11,12. In SARS-CoV-2, the S protein is the major protein that mediates viral entry13, and is the main antigen used in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines9,10,14,15,16. The S protein-pseudotyped virions, such as those of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) or lentivirus, have been used for the quantification of neutralizing antibodies17,18,19. Nevertheless, the lentivirus-based pseudovirus normally requires 2 to 3 days of infection in order to quantify reporter signals. VSV-based pseudovirus systems often contain residual VSV viruses, which can result in high rates of false-positive results and typically require 24 h of infection20.
A novel SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system, the hybrid alphavirus-SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (Ha-CoV-2), has been recently developed by Hetrick et al12. Ha-CoV-2 provides a new tool for the rapid quantification of virus infectivity and virus sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies in common BSL-2 laboratories. Structurally, Ha-CoV-2 resembles the SARS-CoV-2 virion particle, consisting of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins including the S protein (S), the membrane (M), the nucleocapsid (N), and the envelope (E), and there is no structural protein from other viruses. Additionally, Ha-CoV-2 particle contains a rapid-expressing RNA genome from an alphavirus for fast reporter expression in cells. Ha- CoV-2 has been shown to quickly measure the neutralizing activity of antibodies in the sera of vaccinated and convalescent individuals12. As demonstrated by Hetrick et al., when compared with lentivirus-based SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in a time course assay, Ha-CoV-2 expressed the Luc reporter as early as 2-4 h post-infection while the lentivirus-pseudovirus expressed Luc after 24 h12. In addition, the potential application of Ha-CoV-2 variants for quantifying neutralizing antibodies is further demonstrated by using a&#160; standard monoclonal neutralizing antibody, 27BV (See Supplementary Figure 1)12. This work details the use of the Ha-CoV-2 platform for rapid quantification of the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants, using the Delta (B.1.617.2) and the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants as examples. In addition, the potential application of Ha-CoV-2 variants for quantifying neutralizing antibodies is further demonstrated by using a standard monoclonal neutralizing antibody, 27BV12.

作者聚焦：用于评估 SARS-CoV-2 研究中 Omicron 亚变体和中和抗体的假型病毒系统

Ha-CoV-2假病毒在SARS-CoV-2变异株和中和抗体快速定量中的应用

We have established two main findings in this protocol. First, our Ha-CoV-2 platform demonstrates that the newly emerged Omicron subvariant is more infectious than the original Wuhan strain. Additionally, Omicron subvariants are more resistant to neutralizing antibodies induced by previous strains.SARS CoV-2 research requires BSL-3 facilities, making it difficult for common laboratories to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants and to quantify neutralizing antibodies. Our Ha-CoV-2 system is a pseudotype virus that can be used in common laboratories and provides a faster way to quantify viral variants and their sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. Ha-CoV-2 is a virus-like particle that has all the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and resembles SARS-CoV-2.Also, Ha-CoV-2 uses and alpha viral vector for robust and rapid gene expression, producing fast results and a high signal to noise ratio for great reproducibility.

通过HEK293T细胞共转染组装 Ha-CoV-2 颗粒，用于定量 SARS-CoV-2 变体

首先将含有热灭活FBS，青霉素和链霉素的HEK293T细胞和DMEM维持在T75烧瓶中。对于细胞计数，将 20 μL 细胞悬液与 20 μL 台盼蓝溶液混合。将 20 微升染料混合细胞悬浮液加入细胞计数室并计数每毫升细胞数。将HEK293T细胞和 10 毫升完全 DMEM 接种在 10 厘米细胞培养培养皿中。将细胞在37摄氏度的二氧化碳培养箱中孵育过夜。第二天，取出完全培养基，并用 9 毫升 DMEM 无血清培养基代替。使用给定的病毒颗粒组装化合物，制备共转染混合物。将混合物慢慢加入培养皿中，并在37摄氏度下孵育6小时。孵育后，用完整的DMEM培养基替换无血清DMEM，并继续孵育共转染长达48小时。然后通过在单层表面反复移液来分离细胞，并将悬浮液转移到15毫升管中。将细胞悬液以 400G 离心 5 分钟。收集上清液并通过0.22微米过滤器。将含有 Ha-CoV-2 假病毒的滤液储存在 80 摄氏度。

assembling-ha-cov-2-particles-cotransfection-hek293t-cells-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Assembling Ha-CoV-2 Particles by Cotransfection of HEK293T Cells for Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

247 次观看.  George Mason University. 首先将含有热灭活FBS，青霉素和链霉素的HEK293T细胞和DMEM维持在T75烧瓶中。对于细胞计数，将 20 μL 细胞悬液与 20 μL 台盼蓝溶液混合。将 20 微升染料混合细胞悬浮液加入细胞计数室并计数每毫升细胞数。将HEK293T细胞和 10 毫升完全 DMEM 接种在 10 厘米细胞培养培养皿中。将细胞在37摄氏度的二氧化碳培养箱中孵育过夜。第二天，取出完全培养基，并用 9 毫升 DMEM 无血清培?...

视频: 通过HEK293T细胞共转染组装 Ha-CoV-2 颗粒，用于定量 SARS-CoV-2 变体

Application of Ha-CoV-2 Pseudovirus for Rapid Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Neutralizing Antibodies

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for rapid assays to accurately measure the infectivity of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the effectiveness of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against viral variants. These assays are essential for pandemic surveillance and validating vaccines and variant-specific boosters. This manuscript demonstrates the application of a novel hybrid alphavirus-SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (Ha-CoV-2) for quick quantification of SARS-CoV-2 variant infectivity and vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies to viral variants. Ha-CoV-2 is a SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle consisting of viral structural proteins (S, M, N, and E) and a fast-expressing RNA genome derived from an alphavirus, Semliki Forest Virus (SFV). Ha-CoV-2 also contains both green fluorescent protein (GFP) and luciferase reporter genes that allow for quick quantification of viral infectivity. As an example, the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) and the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants are quantified, and their sensitivities to a neutralizing antibody (27VB) are also measured. These examples demonstrate the great potential of Ha-CoV-2 as a robust platform for rapid quantification of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies.

This protocol describes the application of a novel hybrid alphavirus-SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (Ha-CoV-2) as a platform for rapid quantification of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for rapid assays to accurately measure the infectivity of emerging SARS-CoV-2 ...

科研

免疫与感染

Begin by maintaining HEK293T cells and DMEM containing heat inactivated FBS, Penicillin, and Streptomycin in a T75 flask. For cell counting, mix 20 microliters of cell suspension with 20 microliters of trypan blue solution. Add 20 microliters of dye-mixed cell suspension to the cell counting chamber and count the number of cells per milliliter.Seed HEK293T cells and 10 milliliters of complete DMEM in a 10 centimeter cell culture Petri dish. Incubate the cells overnight in a carbon dioxide incubator at 37 degrees Celsius. The next day, remove the complete medium and replace it with nine milliliters of DMEM serum-free medium.Using the given compounds of viral particle assembly, prepare a cotransfection mixture. Slowly add the mixture to the Petri dish, and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for six hours. After incubation, replace the serum-free DMEM with a complete DMEM medium and continue incubation for cotransfection for up to 48 hours.Then detach the cells by repeatedly pipetting over the surface of the monolayer and transfer the suspension into a 15 milliliter tube. Centrifuge the cell suspension at 400G for five minutes. Collect the supernatant and pass it through a 0.22 micron filter.Store the filtrate containing Ha-CoV-2 pseudovirus at 80 degrees Celsius.

Quantification of Ha-CoV-2 Variants and 27BV Neutralization Activity Against Ha-CoV-2(Luc) Variants

Begin by maintaining HEK-293T ACE2 TMPRSS2 cells in DMEM containing heated activated FBS, penicillin, and streptomycin in a T75 flask. For cell counting, mix 20 microliters of cell suspension with 20 microliters of Trypan Blue solution. Add 20 microliters of dye-mixed cell suspension to the cell counting chamber, and count the number of cells per milliliter.Seed 2.5 times 10 to the power of four HEK-293T ACE2 TMPRSS2 cells in 50 microliters of complete DMEM medium into each well of a 96-well plate. Incubate the cells in a carbon dioxide incubator overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. The next day, replace the 50 microliters of DMEM with 50 microliters of virus suspension, and incubate for 18 hours at 37 degrees Celsius.After incubation, add 7.5 microliters of cell lysis buffer to each well, and mix on an orbital shaker for two minutes. Once the cells are lysed, add freshly prepared firefly luciferase assay solution, and mix them on an orbital shaker for one minute. Analyze the luciferase activity by using a commercial luciferase microplate reader.For neutralizing antibody assay, seed HEK-293T cells in 50 microliters of complete DMEM as demonstrated previously. In a 96-well plate, add eight microliters of 27 BV neutralizing antibody, and perform serial dilutions with six microliters of serum-free DMEM. Add 54 microliters of Ha-CoV-2 virus particle to the serially diluted antibody, and mix the suspension.Incubate for one hour at 37 degrees Celsius in 5%carbon dioxide. Then add 50 microliters of virus suspension to the wells containing HEK-293T cells. For controls, add 50 microliters of complete DMEM medium into the wells containing only HEK-293T cells.Place the plate in an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius for 18 hours. After lysing the cells as demonstrated previously, add freshly prepared firefly luciferase assay solution, and mix by orbital shaking for one minute. Analyze the luciferase activity by using a commercial luciferase microplate reader.Ha-CoV-2 Omicron and Omicron variants generated four to tenfold higher signal than the Wild-type Ha-CoV-2, suggesting higher infectivity. The antibody 27 BV demonstrated neutralizing activity against both Delta and Omicron variants. The ID50 of 27 BV for Omicron was approximately 10 times less potent than the ID50 for Wild-type and Delta.