<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>使用油酸和痤疮丙酸杆菌在大鼠中建立复合痤疮模型

<ol>
	<li>Cooper, A. J., Harris, V. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modern+management+of+acne.">Modern management of acne.</a> The Medical Journal of Australia. 206 (1), 41-45 (2017).</li><li>Vos, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Years+lived+with+disability+(YLDs)+for+1160+sequelae+of+289+diseases+and+injuries+1990-2010:+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study+2010.">Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.</a> Lancet. 380 (9859), 2163-2196 (2012).</li><li>Layton, A. M., Thiboutot, D., Tan, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reviewing+the+global+burden+of+acne:+how+could+we+improve+care+to+reduce+the+burden.">Reviewing the global burden of acne: how could we improve care to reduce the burden.</a> The British Journal of Dermatology. 184 (2), 219-225 (2021).</li><li>Hazarika, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acne+vulgaris:+new+evidence+in+pathogenesis+and+future+modalities+of+treatment.">Acne vulgaris: new evidence in pathogenesis and future modalities of treatment.</a> Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 32 (3), 277-285 (2021).</li><li>Das, S., Reynolds, R. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+acne+pathogenesis:+implications+for+therapy.">Recent advances in acne pathogenesis: implications for therapy.</a> American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 15 (6), 479-488 (2014).</li><li>Dr&#233;no, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutibacterium+acnes+(Propionibacterium+acnes)+and+acne+vulgaris:+a+brief+look+at+the+latest+updates.">Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates.</a> Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV. 32, 5-14 (2018).</li><li>Marples, R. R., Downing, D. T., Kligman, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+free+fatty+acids+in+human+surface+lipids+by+Corynebacterium+acnes.">Control of free fatty acids in human surface lipids by Corynebacterium acnes.</a> The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 56 (2), 127-131 (1971).</li><li>Katsuta, Y., Iida, T., Hasegawa, K., Inomata, S., Denda, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Function+of+oleic+acid+on+epidermal+barrier+and+calcium+influx+into+keratinocytes+is+associated+with+N-methyl+D-aspartate-type+glutamate+receptors.">Function of oleic acid on epidermal barrier and calcium influx into keratinocytes is associated with N-methyl D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors.</a> The British Journal of Dermatology. 160 (1), 69-74 (2009).</li><li>Kurokawa, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+developments+in+our+understanding+of+acne+pathogenesis+and+treatment.">New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment.</a> Experimental Dermatology. 18 (10), 821-832 (2009).</li><li>Clayton, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Homeostasis+of+the+sebaceous+gland+and+mechanisms+of+acne+pathogenesis.">Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis.</a> The British Journal of Dermatology. 181 (4), 677-690 (2019).</li><li>Cong, T. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+pathogenesis+of+acne+vulgaris+to+anti-acne+agents.">From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents.</a> Archives of dermatological research. 311 (5), 337-349 (2019).</li><li>Ji, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analgesic+and+anti-inflammatory+effects+and+mechanism+of+action+of+borneol+on+photodynamic+therapy+of+acne.">Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action of borneol on photodynamic therapy of acne.</a> Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 75, 103329 (2020).</li><li>Ou-Yang, X. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nontargeted+metabolomics+to+characterize+the+effects+of+isotretinoin+on+skin+metabolism+in+rabbit+with+acne.">Nontargeted metabolomics to characterize the effects of isotretinoin on skin metabolism in rabbit with acne.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13, 963472 (2022).</li><li>Zhu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+microbiome+reconstruction+and+lipid+metabolism+profile+alteration+reveal+the+treatment+mechanism+of+Cryptotanshinone+in+the+acne+rat.">Skin microbiome reconstruction and lipid metabolism profile alteration reveal the treatment mechanism of Cryptotanshinone in the acne rat.</a> Phytomedicine. 101, 154101 (2022).</li><li>Jang, Y. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HR-1+mice:+A+new+inflammatory+acne+mouse+model.">HR-1 mice: A new inflammatory acne mouse model.</a> Annals of Dermatology. 27 (3), 257-264 (2015).</li><li>De Young, L. M., Young, J. M., Ballaron, S. J., Spires, D. A., Puhvel, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intradermal+injection+of+Propionibacterium+acnes:+a+model+of+inflammation+relevant+to+acne.">Intradermal injection of Propionibacterium acnes: a model of inflammation relevant to acne.</a> The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 83 (5), 394-398 (1984).</li><li>Chen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+skin+lipidomics+study+reveals+the+therapeutic+effects+of+Tanshinones+in+a+rat+model+of+acne.">A skin lipidomics study reveals the therapeutic effects of Tanshinones in a rat model of acne.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 12, 675659 (2021).</li><li>Cao, J., Xu, M., Zhu, L., Xiao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viaminate+ameliorates+Propionibacterium+acnes-induced+acne+via+inhibition+of+the+TLR2/NF-&#954;B+and+MAPK+pathways+in+rats.">Viaminate ameliorates Propionibacterium acnes-induced acne via inhibition of the TLR2/NF-&#954;B and MAPK pathways in rats.</a> Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 396 (7), 1487-1500 (2023).</li><li>Kolar, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Propionibacterium+acnes-induced+immunopathology+correlates+with+health+and+disease+association.">Propionibacterium acnes-induced immunopathology correlates with health and disease association.</a> JCI insight. 4 (5), e124687 (2019).</li><li>Zhong, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+protein+glycosylation+is+a+novel+pro-angiogenic+strategy+that+acts+via+activation+of+stress+pathways.">Inhibition of protein glycosylation is a novel pro-angiogenic strategy that acts via activation of stress pathways.</a> Nature Communications. 11 (1), 6330 (2020).</li><li>O'Neill, A. M., Gallo, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Host-microbiome+interactions+and+recent+progress+into+understanding+the+biology+of+acne+vulgaris.">Host-microbiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the biology of acne vulgaris.</a> Microbiome. 6 (1), 177 (2018).</li><li>Moradi Tuchayi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acne+vulgaris.">Acne vulgaris.</a> Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 1, 15029 (2015).</li><li>American Academy of Dermatology. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=American+Academy+of+Dermatology+invitational+symposium+on+comedogenicity.">American Academy of Dermatology invitational symposium on comedogenicity.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 20 (2), 272-277 (1989).</li><li>Katsambas, A. D., Cunliffe, W. J., Zoubolis, C. C., Zouboulis, C. C., Katsambas, A. D., Kligman, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+aspects+of+acne+vulgaris.">Clinical aspects of acne vulgaris.</a> Pathogenesis and treatment of acne and rosacea. , 213-221 (2014).</li><li>Williams, H. C., Dellavalle, R. P., Garner, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acne+vulgaris.">Acne vulgaris.</a> Lancet. 379 (9813), 361-372 (2012).</li><li>Rocha, M. A., Bagatin, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+barrier+and+microbiome+in+acne.">Skin barrier and microbiome in acne.</a> Archives of Dermatological Research. 310 (3), 181-185 (2018).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anaero-indicator&#160;</td>
			<td>Mitsubishi, Japan</td>
			<td>C-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AnaeroPack</td>
			<td>Mitsubishi, Japan</td>
			<td>C-11, C-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Columbia blood agar plate</td>
			<td>BeNa Cuture Collection, China</td>
			<td>BNCC330605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Constant temperature incubator</td>
			<td>SHANGCHENG, China</td>
			<td>303-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton swab</td>
			<td>HYNAUT, China</td>
			<td>_</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cutibacterium acnes</td>
			<td>BeNa Cuture Collection, China</td>
			<td>BNCC330605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dako REAL EnVision Detection System, Peroxidase/DAB+, Rabbit/Mouse</td>
			<td>DAKO, Denmark</td>
			<td>K5007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>disposable sterile injection needle</td>
			<td>Zhejiang Oujian Medical Apparatus, China</td>
			<td>_</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic scale</td>
			<td>JINXUAN, China</td>
			<td>A017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic vernier caliper</td>
			<td>Deli, China</td>
			<td>DL90150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oleic acid (Analytical reagent, AR)</td>
			<td>Fangzheng, China</td>
			<td>_</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride injection</td>
			<td>CR Double CRANE, China</td>
			<td>Y2212241</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS Statistics</td>
			<td>IBM, USA</td>
			<td>26.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile hypodermic syringes</td>
			<td>Shandong weigao group medical polymer, China</td>
			<td>_</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TNF Alpha Monoclonal antibody</td>
			<td>Proteintech Group,int, USA</td>
			<td>60291-1-lg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a rat model of compound acne

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:使用 痤疮丙酸杆菌 和油酸的复合痤疮啮齿动物模型的开发和评估

复合痤疮的大鼠模型

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic skin condition characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, and pustules on the face, neck, and chest. To ...

Without Section

Research

A Rat Model of Compound Acne

JoVE Journal

Medicine

2.0K 次观看.  Capital Medical University. 本研究旨在建立一种易于操作且有效的方法来形成复合痤疮啮齿动物模型。我们证实这种复合痤疮啮齿动物模型优于仅由痤疮杆菌或油酸诱导的模型。一些研究人员只采用单一的方法来引起痤疮炎症，例如涂抹油或注射微生物。然而，研究表明，两者之间的相互作用会加剧痤疮炎症。该协议旨在为将痤疮丙酸杆菌与油酸相结合的痤疮模型提供一...

视频: 作者聚焦:使用 痤疮丙酸杆菌 和油酸的复合痤疮啮齿动物模型的开发和评估

Rat Model of Blood-brain Barrier Disruption to Allow Targeted Neurovascular Therapeutics

Endothelial cells with tight junctions along with the basement membrane and astrocyte end feet surround cerebral blood vessels to form the blood-brain barrier1. The barrier selectively excludes molecules from crossing between the blood and the brain based upon their size and charge. This function can impede the delivery of therapeutics for neurological disorders. A number of chemotherapeutic drugs, for example, will not effectively cross the blood-brain barrier to reach tumor cells2. Thus, improving the delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier is an area of interest.
The most prevalent methods for enhancing the delivery of drugs to the brain are direct cerebral infusion and blood-brain barrier disruption3. Direct intracerebral infusion guarantees that therapies reach the brain; however, this method has a limited ability to disperse the drug4. Blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) allows drugs to flow directly from the circulatory system into the brain and thus more effectively reach dispersed tumor cells. Three methods of barrier disruption include osmotic barrier disruption, pharmacological barrier disruption, and focused ultrasound with microbubbles. Osmotic disruption, pioneered by Neuwelt, uses a hypertonic solution of 25% mannitol that dehydrates the cells of the blood-brain barrier causing them to shrink and disrupt their tight junctions. Barrier disruption can also be accomplished pharmacologically with vasoactive compounds such as histamine5 and bradykinin6. This method, however, is selective primarily for the brain-tumor barrier7. Additionally, RMP-7, an analog of the peptide bradykinin, was found to be inferior when compared head-to-head with osmotic BBBD with 25% mannitol8. Another method, focused ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with microbubble ultrasound contrast agents, has also been shown to reversibly open the blood-brain barrier9. In comparison to FUS, though, 25% mannitol has a longer history of safety in human patients that makes it a proven tool for translational research10-12.
In order to accomplish BBBD, mannitol must be delivered at a high rate directly into the brain's arterial circulation. In humans, an endovascular catheter is guided to the brain where rapid, direct flow can be accomplished. This protocol models human BBBD as closely as possible. Following a cut-down to the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, a catheter is inserted retrograde into the ECA and used to deliver mannitol directly into the internal carotid artery (ICA) circulation. Propofol and N2O anesthesia are used for their ability to maximize the effectiveness of barrier disruption13. If executed properly, this procedure has the ability to safely, effectively, and reversibly open the blood-brain barrier and improve the delivery of drugs that do not ordinarily reach the brain 8,13,14.

Blood-brain barrier disruption aids the delivery of certain drugs to the brain. Mannitol delivered intra-arterially shrinks cells surrounding blood vessels in order to physically disrupt the barrier.

允许有针对性的大鼠模型血 - 脑屏障破坏神经血管治疗

Endothelial cells with tight junctions along with the basement membrane and astrocyte end feet surround cerebral blood vessels to form the blood-brain ...

科研

医学

2-Vessel Occlusion/Hypotension: A Rat Model of Global Brain Ischemia

Cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation often results in dramatic brain damage caused by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the brain. Global brain ischemia produces damage to specific brain regions shown to be highly sensitive to ischemia 1. Hippocampal neurons have higher sensitivity to ischemic insults compared to other cell populations, and specifically, the CA1 region of the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion 2.
The design of therapeutic interventions, or study of mechanisms involved in cerebral damage, requires a model that produces damage similar to the clinical condition and in a reproducible manner. Bilateral carotid vessel occlusion with hypotension (2VOH) is a model that produces reversible forebrain ischemia, emulating the cerebral events that can occur during cardiac arrest and resuscitation. We describe a model modified from Smith et al. (1984) 2, as first presented in its current form in Sanderson, et al. (2008) 3, which produces reproducible injury to selectively vulnerable brain regions 3-6. The reliability of this model is dictated by precise control of systemic blood pressure during applied hypotension, the duration of ischemia, close temperature control, a specific anesthesia regimen, and diligent post-operative care. An 8-minute ischemic insult produces cell death of CA1 hippocampal neurons that progresses over the course of 6 to 24 hr of reperfusion, while less vulnerable brain regions are spared. This progressive cell death is easily quantified after 7-14 days of reperfusion, as a near complete loss of CA1 neurons is evident at this time.
In addition to this brain injury model, we present a method for CA1 damage quantification using a simple, yet thorough, methodology. Importantly, quantification can be accomplished using a simple camera-mounted microscope, and a free ImageJ (NIH) software plugin, obviating the need for cost-prohibitive stereology software programs and a motorized microscopic stage for damage assessment.

Bilateral carotid occlusion coupled with systemic hypotension produces global brain ischemia in the rat, resulting in damage to the hippocampus with reproducible severity. Animal subjects are impaired with predictable patterns of brain damage, they recover expediently, and mortality rates are comparatively low.

2血管闭塞/低血压:全脑缺血模型大鼠

Cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation often results in dramatic brain damage caused by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the brain. Global brain ...

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Chronic exposure to excessive levels of nutrients is postulated to affect the function of several organs and tissues and to contribute to the development of the many complications associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes. To study the mechanisms by which excessive levels of glucose and fatty acids affect the pancreatic beta-cell and the secretion of insulin, we have established a chronic nutrient infusion model in the rat. The procedure consists of catheterizing the right jugular vein and left carotid artery under general anesthesia; allowing a 7-day recuperation period; connecting the catheters to the pumps using a swivel and counterweight system that enables the animal to move freely in the cage; and infusing glucose and/or Intralipid (a soybean oil emulsion which generates a mixture of approximately 80% unsaturated/20% saturated fatty acids when infused with heparin) for 72 hr. This model offers several advantages, including the possibility to finely modulate the target levels of circulating glucose and fatty acids; the option to co-infuse pharmacological compounds; and the relatively short time frame as opposed to dietary models. It can be used to examine the mechanisms of nutrient-induced dysfunction in a variety of organs and to test the effectiveness of drugs in this context.

A protocol for chronic infusions of glucose and Intralipid in rats is described. This model can be used to study the impact of nutrient excess on organ function and physiological parameters.

在大鼠模型慢性营养输液

Chronic exposure to excessive levels of nutrients is postulated to  affect the function of several organs and tissues and to contribute to the  ...

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal inflammation and fibrosis ultimately resulting in declining kidney function. Before improved clinical management and prevention of pyelonephritis can be instituted, a reliable animal model must be established in order to study the mechanisms of progression, recurrence, and therapeutic efficacy. The transurethral infection model closely mimics human pyelonephritis but exhibits considerable variation due to its reliance on urethral reflux to transport the bacteria to the kidney. Herein, a detailed surgical protocol for performing bacterial injections into the rat renal pelvis is provided and confirmed by non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Using this protocol, animals receive direct exposure to a desired concentration of E. coli bacteria and can fully recover from the surgical procedure with adequate post-operative care. This facilitates subsequent longitudinal MRI assessments of the experimental animal models for comparison with saline (sham) controls. Using this direct delivery approach, the severity of infection is controllable and applicable for mechanistic studies of progression as well as development of novel treatment strategies.

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

This manuscript describes a rat surgical model of pyelonephritis using direct intra-renal infection by Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. The experimental procedure can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis as well as the associated inflammation and fibrosis.

肾内注射<em&gt;大肠杆菌</em&gt;在肾性肾炎大鼠模型中

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal ...

A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

Free tissue transfer has been increasingly used in clinical practice since the 1970s, allowing reconstruction of complex and otherwise untreatable defects resulting from tumor extirpation, trauma, infections, malformations or burns. Free flaps are particularly useful for reconstructing highly complex anatomical regions, like those of the head and neck, the hand, the foot and the perineum. Moreover, basic and translational research in the area of free tissue transfer is of great clinical potential. Notwithstanding, surgical trainees and researchers are frequently deterred from using microsurgical models of tissue transfer, due to lack of information regarding the technical aspects involved in the operative procedures. The aim of this paper is to present the steps required to transfer a fasciocutaneous epigastric free flap to the neck in the rat.
This flap is based on the superficial epigastric artery and vein, which originates from and drain into the femoral artery and vein, respectively. On average the caliber of the superficial epigastric vein is 0.6 to 0.8 mm, contrasting with the 0.3 to 0.5 mm of the superficial epigastric artery. Histologically, the flap is a composite block of tissues, containing skin (epidermis and dermis), a layer of fat tissue (panniculus adiposus), a layer of striated muscle (panniculus carnosus), and a layer of loose areolar tissue.
Succinctly, the epigastric flap is raised on its pedicle vessels that are then anastomosed to the external jugular vein and to the carotid artery on the ventral surface of the rat's neck. According to our experience, this model guarantees the complete survival of approximately 70 to 80% of epigastric flaps transferred to the neck region. The flap can be evaluated whenever needed by visual inspection. Hence, the authors believe this is a good experimental model for microsurgical research and training.

This paper describes the steps required to raise a fasciocutaneous epigastric free flap and transfer it to the neck in the rat.

游离组织移植的模型:鼠上腹部游离皮瓣

Free tissue transfer has been increasingly used in clinical practice since the 1970s, allowing reconstruction of complex and otherwise untreatable defects ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Acupuncture in a Rat Model of Asthma

A high platform can fix rats without restriction and completely expose the acupoints on the back during acupuncture manipulation. This article describes methods for the fabrication of the high platform, establishes a rat model of asthma and measures changes in respiratory function using a noninvasive and real-time whole-body plethysmography (WBP) system.

哮喘鼠模型中的针灸

A high platform can fix rats without restriction and completely expose the acupoints on the back during acupuncture manipulation. This article describes ...

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

A posterior segment eye disease like diabetic retinopathy alters the physiology of the retina. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by a retinal detachment, breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), and retinal angiogenesis. An in vivo rat model is a valuable experimental tool to examine the changes in the structure and function of the retina. We propose three different experimental techniques in the rat model to identify morphological changes of retinal cells, retinal vasculature, and compromised BRB. Retinal histology is used to study the morphology of various retinal cells. Also, quantitative measurement is performed by retinal cell count and thickness measurement of different retinal layers. A BRB breakdown assay is used to determine the leakage of extraocular proteins from the plasma to vitreous tissue due to the breakdown of BRB. Fluorescence angiography is used to study angiogenesis and leakage of blood vessels by visualizing retinal vasculature using FITC-dextran dye.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness. Histology, blood-retinal barrier breakdown assay, and fluorescence angiography are valuable techniques to understand the pathophysiology of the retina, which could further enhance the efficient drug screening against diabetic retinopathy.

大鼠模型中的视网膜病理生理学评估

A posterior segment eye disease like diabetic retinopathy alters the physiology of the retina. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by a retinal ...

Development of a Uterosacral Ligament Suspension Rat Model

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common pelvic floor disorder (PFD) with the potential to significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Approximately 10%-20% of women undergo pelvic floor repair surgery to treat prolapse in the United States. PFD cases result in an overall $26.3 billion annual cost in the United States alone. This multifactorial condition has a negative impact on the quality of life and yet the treatment options have only dwindled in the recent past. One common surgical option is uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS), which is typically performed by affixing the vaginal vault to the uterosacral ligament in the pelvis. This repair has a lower incidence of complications compared to those with mesh augmentation, but is notable for a relatively high failure rate of up to 40%. Considering the lack of standard animal models to study pelvic floor dysfunction, there is an urgent clinical need for innovation in this field with a focus on developing cost-effective and accessible animal models. In this manuscript, we describe a rat model of USLS involving a complete hysterectomy followed by fixation of the remaining vaginal vault to the uterosacral ligament. The goal of this model is to mimic the procedure performed on women to be able to use the model to then investigate reparative strategies that improve the mechanical integrity of the ligament attachment. Importantly, we also describe the development of an in situ tensile testing procedure to characterize interface integrity at chosen time points following surgical intervention. Overall, this model will be a useful tool for future studies that investigate treatment options for POP repair via USLS.

Pelvic organ prolapse affects millions of women worldwide and yet some common surgical interventions have failure rates as high as 40%. The lack of standard animal models to investigate this condition impedes progress. We propose the following protocol as a model for uterosacral ligament suspension and in vivo tensile testing.

子宫骶韧带悬浮大鼠模型的开发

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common pelvic floor disorder (PFD) with the potential to significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Approximately ...

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes

A single high dose of streptozotocin injection followed by full-thickness skin excision on the dorsum of rats is a common method for constructing animal models of type 1 diabetic wounds. However, improper manipulation can lead to model instability and high mortality in rats. Unfortunately, there are few existing guidelines on type 1 diabetic wound modeling, and they lack detail and do not present specific reference strategies. Therefore, this protocol details the complete procedure for constructing a type 1 diabetic wound model and analyzes the progression and angiogenic characteristics of the diabetic wounds. Type 1 diabetic wound modeling involves the following steps: preparation of the streptozotocin injection, induction of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and construction of the wound model. The wound area was measured on day 7 and day 14 after wounding, and the skin tissues of the rats were extracted for histopathological and immunofluorescence analysis. The results revealed that type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by 55 mg/kg streptozotocin was associated with lower mortality and a high success rate. The blood glucose levels were relatively stable after 5 weeks of induction. The diabetic wound healing rate was significantly lower than that of normal wounds on day 7 and day 14 (p &#60; 0.05), but both could reach more than 90% on day 14. Compared with the normal group, the epidermal layer closure of diabetic wounds on day 14 was incomplete and had delayed re-epithelialization and significantly lower angiogenesis (p &#60; 0.01). The type 1 diabetic wound model constructed based on this protocol has the characteristics of chronic wound healing, including poor closure, delayed re-epithelialization, and decreased angiogenesis compared to normal rat wounds.

The streptozotocin-induced diabetic wound model in male SD rats is currently the most widely used model for studying wound healing in type I diabetes mellitus. This protocol describes the methods used to construct this model. It also presents and addresses potential challenges and examines the progression and angiogenic characteristics of diabetic wounds.

一种构建1型糖尿病大鼠伤口模型的方案

A single high dose of streptozotocin injection followed by full-thickness skin excision on the dorsum of rats is a common method for constructing animal ...