<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>使用油酸和痤疮丙酸杆菌在大鼠中建立复合痤疮模型

<ol><li>Cooper, A. J., Harris, V. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Modern+management+of+acne%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22The+Medical+Journal+of+Australia%22%5BJournal%5D)">Modern management of acne.</a> The Medical Journal of Australia. 206 (1), 41-45 (2017).</li>
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<li>Hazarika, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Acne+vulgaris%3A+new+evidence+in+pathogenesis+and+future+modalities+of+treatment%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Dermatological+Treatment%22%5BJournal%5D)">Acne vulgaris: new evidence in pathogenesis and future modalities of treatment.</a> Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 32 (3), 277-285 (2021).</li>
<li>Das, S., Reynolds, R. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Recent+advances+in+acne+pathogenesis%3A+implications+for+therapy%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22American+Journal+of+Clinical+Dermatology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Recent advances in acne pathogenesis: implications for therapy.</a> American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 15 (6), 479-488 (2014).</li>
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<li>Katsuta, Y., Iida, T., Hasegawa, K., Inomata, S., Denda, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Function+of+oleic+acid+on+epidermal+barrier+and+calcium+influx+into+keratinocytes+is+associated+with+N-methyl+D-aspartate-type+glutamate+receptors%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22The+British+Journal+of+Dermatology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Function of oleic acid on epidermal barrier and calcium influx into keratinocytes is associated with N-methyl D-aspartate-type glutamate receptors.</a> The British Journal of Dermatology. 160 (1), 69-74 (2009).</li>
<li>Kurokawa, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((New+developments+in+our+understanding+of+acne+pathogenesis+and+treatment%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Experimental+Dermatology%22%5BJournal%5D)">New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment.</a> Experimental Dermatology. 18 (10), 821-832 (2009).</li>
<li>Clayton, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Homeostasis+of+the+sebaceous+gland+and+mechanisms+of+acne+pathogenesis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22The+British+Journal+of+Dermatology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis.</a> The British Journal of Dermatology. 181 (4), 677-690 (2019).</li>
<li>Cong, T. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((From+pathogenesis+of+acne+vulgaris+to+anti-acne+agents%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Archives+of+dermatological+research%22%5BJournal%5D)">From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents.</a> Archives of dermatological research. 311 (5), 337-349 (2019).</li>
<li>Ji, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Analgesic+and+anti-inflammatory+effects+and+mechanism+of+action+of+borneol+on+photodynamic+therapy+of+acne%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action of borneol on photodynamic therapy of acne.</a> Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 75, 103329(2020).</li>
<li>Ou-Yang, X. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Nontargeted+metabolomics+to+characterize+the+effects+of+isotretinoin+on+skin+metabolism+in+rabbit+with+acne%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Frontiers+in+Pharmacology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Nontargeted metabolomics to characterize the effects of isotretinoin on skin metabolism in rabbit with acne.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13, 963472(2022).</li>
<li>Zhu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Skin+microbiome+reconstruction+and+lipid+metabolism+profile+alteration+reveal+the+treatment+mechanism+of+Cryptotanshinone+in+the+acne+rat%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Phytomedicine%22%5BJournal%5D)">Skin microbiome reconstruction and lipid metabolism profile alteration reveal the treatment mechanism of Cryptotanshinone in the acne rat.</a> Phytomedicine. 101, 154101(2022).</li>
<li>Jang, Y. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((HR-1+mice%3A+A+new+inflammatory+acne+mouse+model%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Annals+of+Dermatology%22%5BJournal%5D)">HR-1 mice: A new inflammatory acne mouse model.</a> Annals of Dermatology. 27 (3), 257-264 (2015).</li>
<li>De Young, L. M., Young, J. M., Ballaron, S. J., Spires, D. A., Puhvel, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Intradermal+injection+of+Propionibacterium+acnes%3A+a+model+of+inflammation+relevant+to+acne%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22The+Journal+of+Investigative+Dermatology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Intradermal injection of Propionibacterium acnes: a model of inflammation relevant to acne.</a> The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 83 (5), 394-398 (1984).</li>
<li>Chen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+skin+lipidomics+study+reveals+the+therapeutic+effects+of+Tanshinones+in+a+rat+model+of+acne%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Frontiers+in+Pharmacology%22%5BJournal%5D)">A skin lipidomics study reveals the therapeutic effects of Tanshinones in a rat model of acne.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 12, 675659(2021).</li>
<li>Cao, J., Xu, M., Zhu, L., Xiao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Viaminate+ameliorates+Propionibacterium+acnes-induced+acne+via+inhibition+of+the+TLR2%2FNF-%CE%BAB+and+MAPK+pathways+in+rats%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Naunyn-Schmiedeberg%27s+Archives+of+Pharmacology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Viaminate ameliorates Propionibacterium acnes-induced acne via inhibition of the TLR2/NF-κB and MAPK pathways in rats.</a> Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 396 (7), 1487-1500 (2023).</li>
<li>Kolar, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Propionibacterium+acnes-induced+immunopathology+correlates+with+health+and+disease+association%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22JCI+insight%22%5BJournal%5D)">Propionibacterium acnes-induced immunopathology correlates with health and disease association.</a> JCI insight. 4 (5), e124687(2019).</li>
<li>Zhong, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Inhibition+of+protein+glycosylation+is+a+novel+pro-angiogenic+strategy+that+acts+via+activation+of+stress+pathways%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature+Communications%22%5BJournal%5D)">Inhibition of protein glycosylation is a novel pro-angiogenic strategy that acts via activation of stress pathways.</a> Nature Communications. 11 (1), 6330(2020).</li>
<li>O'Neill, A. M., Gallo, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Host-microbiome+interactions+and+recent+progress+into+understanding+the+biology+of+acne+vulgaris%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Microbiome%22%5BJournal%5D)">Host-microbiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the biology of acne vulgaris.</a> Microbiome. 6 (1), 177(2018).</li>
<li>Moradi Tuchayi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Acne+vulgaris%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature+Reviews.+Disease+Primers%22%5BJournal%5D)">Acne vulgaris.</a> Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 1, 15029(2015).</li>
<li>American Academy of Dermatology. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((American+Academy+of+Dermatology+invitational+symposium+on+comedogenicity%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Dermatology%22%5BJournal%5D)">American Academy of Dermatology invitational symposium on comedogenicity.</a> Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 20 (2), Pt 1 272-277 (1989).</li>
<li>Katsambas, A. D., Cunliffe, W. J., Zoubolis, C. C. Clinical aspects of acne vulgaris. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aKatsambas%2C+AD+%22Pathogenesis+and+treatment+of+acne+and+rosacea%22">Pathogenesis and treatment of acne and rosacea</a>. Zouboulis, C. C., Katsambas, A. D., Kligman, A. M. , Springer. Berlin, Heidelberg. 213-221 (2014).</li>
<li>Williams, H. C., Dellavalle, R. P., Garner, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Acne+vulgaris%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Lancet%22%5BJournal%5D)">Acne vulgaris.</a> Lancet. 379 (9813), London, England. 361-372 (2012).</li>
<li>Rocha, M. A., Bagatin, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Skin+barrier+and+microbiome+in+acne%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Archives+of+Dermatological+Research%22%5BJournal%5D)">Skin barrier and microbiome in acne.</a> Archives of Dermatological Research. 310 (3), 181-185 (2018).</li>
</ol>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anaero-indicator&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Mitsubishi, Japan</td><td>C-22</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AnaeroPack</td><td>Mitsubishi, Japan</td><td>C-11, C-41</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Columbia blood agar plate</td><td>BeNa Cuture Collection, China</td><td>BNCC330605</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Constant temperature incubator</td><td>SHANGCHENG, China</td><td>303-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cotton swab</td><td>HYNAUT, China</td><td>_</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;Cutibacterium acnes&lt;/em&gt;</td><td>BeNa Cuture Collection, China</td><td>BNCC330605</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dako REAL EnVision Detection System, Peroxidase/DAB+, Rabbit/Mouse</td><td>DAKO, Denmark</td><td>K5007</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>disposable sterile injection needle</td><td>Zhejiang Oujian Medical Apparatus, China</td><td>_</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electronic scale</td><td>JINXUAN, China</td><td>A017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electronic vernier caliper</td><td>Deli, China</td><td>DL90150</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oleic acid (Analytical reagent, AR)</td><td>Fangzheng, China</td><td>_</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride injection</td><td>CR Double CRANE, China</td><td>Y2212241</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SPSS Statistics</td><td>IBM, USA</td><td>26.0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sterile hypodermic syringes</td><td>Shandong weigao group medical polymer, China</td><td>_</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TNF Alpha Monoclonal antibody</td><td>Proteintech Group,int, USA</td><td>60291-1-lg</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a rat model of compound acne

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:使用 痤疮丙酸杆菌 和油酸的复合痤疮啮齿动物模型的开发和评估

复合痤疮的大鼠模型

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic skin condition characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, and pustules on the face, neck, and chest. To ...

Without Section

Research

A Rat Model of Compound Acne

JoVE Journal

Medicine

2.6K 次观看.  Capital Medical University. 本研究旨在建立一种易于操作且有效的方法来形成复合痤疮啮齿动物模型。我们证实这种复合痤疮啮齿动物模型优于仅由痤疮杆菌或油酸诱导的模型。一些研究人员只采用单一的方法来引起痤疮炎症，例如涂抹油或注射微生物。然而，研究表明，两者之间的相互作用会加剧痤疮炎症。该协议旨在为将痤疮丙酸杆菌与油酸相结合的痤疮模型提供一...

视频: 作者聚焦:使用 痤疮丙酸杆菌 和油酸的复合痤疮啮齿动物模型的开发和评估

Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate (DMBA-TPA)

Cancer is one of the most devastating human diseases. Experimental cancer models are important to gain insight into the complex interplay of different cell types and genes in promoting tumor progression and to provide a platform for testing the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches. One of the most commonly used experimental inflammatory cancer models is the DMBA-TPA two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. Tumor formation is induced in this model by the topical application of two different chemicals, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), that together cause papilloma formation in the skin. As the primary outcome is papilloma formation in the skin, the model is an ideal, reliable, and reproducible way to address both tumor initiation (tumor-free survival) and tumor progression (number and size of visible tumors). The effects of the DMBA-TPA treatment are transmitted via an inflammatory mechanism, which makes this model especially suitable for studying the role of the immune system in tumor formation. However, this model is restricted to the skin and other surfaces where the chemicals can be applied on. A detailed protocol is provided in this article to use the model successfully.

Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate DMBA-TPA

Two-stage skin carcinogenesis is induced by two topically applied chemicals. A mutagen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) causes mutations in the epidermal cells and a continuous application of general growth stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate accelerates skin papilloma formation.

使用二甲基苯甲酸酯和12-O-Tetradecanyl Phorbol-13-醋酸酯（DMBA-TPA）的化学诱导皮肤致癌模型

Cancer is one of the most devastating human diseases. Experimental cancer models are important to gain insight into the complex interplay of different ...

科研

癌症研究

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Diagnosis relies on visual inspection and dermoscopy followed by biopsy for histopathological confirmation. While the sensitivity of dermoscopy is high, the lower specificity results in 70%-80% of the biopsies being diagnosed as benign lesions on histopathology (false positives on dermoscopy).
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can noninvasively guide the diagnosis of skin cancers. RCM visualizes cellular morphology in en-face layers. It has doubled the diagnostic specificity for melanoma and pigmented keratinocytic skin cancers over dermoscopy, halving the number of biopsies of benign lesions. RCM acquired billing codes in the USA and is now being integrated into clinics.
However, limitations such as the shallow depth (~200 &#181;m) of imaging, poor contrast for nonpigmented skin lesions, and imaging in en-face layers result in relatively lower specificity for the detection of nonpigmented basal cell carcinoma (BCCs) &#8212; superficial BCCs contiguous with the basal cell layer and deeper infiltrative BCCs. In contrast, OCT lacks cellular resolution but images tissue in vertical planes down to a depth of ~1 mm, which allows the detection of both superficial and deeper subtypes of BCCs. Thus, both techniques are essentially complementary.
A &#34;multi-modal,&#34; combined RCM-OCT device simultaneously images skin lesions in both en-face and vertical modes. It is useful for the diagnosis and management of BCCs (nonsurgical treatment for superficial BCCs vs. surgical treatment for deeper lesions). A marked improvement in specificity is obtained for detecting small, nonpigmented BCCs over RCM alone. RCM and RCM-OCT devices are bringing a major paradigm shift in the diagnosis and management of skin cancers; however, their use is currently limited to academic tertiary care centers and some private clinics. This paper familiarizes clinicians with these devices and their applications, addressing translational barriers into routine clinical workflow.

Here, we describe protocols for acquiring good-quality images using novel, noninvasive imaging devices of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and combined RCM and optical coherence tomography (OCT). We also familiarize clinicians with their clinical applications so that they can integrate the techniques into regular clinical workflows to improve patient care.

将反射式共聚焦显微镜与光学相干断层扫描相结合，通过图像采集进行皮肤癌的无创诊断

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Diagnosis relies on visual inspection and dermoscopy followed by biopsy for histopathological ...

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Development of this in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopic method enables the direct measurement of water, proteins, and lipids with depth resolution in human subjects. This information is very important for skin-related diseases and characterizing skin care product performance. This protocol illustrates a method for confocal Raman spectra collection and the subsequent analysis of the spectral dataset leveraging chemometrics. The goal of this method is to establish a standard protocol for data collection and provide general guidance for data analysis. Preprocessing (e.g., removal of outlier spectra) is a critical step when processing large datasets from clinical studies. As an example, we provide guidance based on prior knowledge of a dataset to identify the types of outliers and develop specific strategies to remove them. A principal component analysis is performed, and the loading spectra are compared with spectra from reference materials to select the number of components used in the final multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis. This approach is successful for extracting meaningful information from a large spectral dataset.

Here, we present a protocol for collection of confocal Raman spectra from human subjects in clinical studies combined with chemometric approaches for spectral outlier removal and the subsequent extraction of key features.

通过化学测量方法，从活体共聚焦拉曼光谱中解决水、蛋白质和脂质

Development of this in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopic method enables the direct measurement of water, proteins, and lipids with depth resolution in ...

化学

In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding

It has been shown that in vivo tissues are highly crowded by proteins, nucleic acids, ribonucleoproteins, polysaccharides, etc. The following protocol applies a macromolecular crowding (MMC) technique to mimic this physiological crowding through the addition of neutral polymers (crowders) to cell cultures in vitro. Previous studies using Ficoll or dextran as crowders demonstrate that the expression of collagen I and fibronectin in WI38 and WS-1 cell lines are significantly enhanced using the MMC technique. However, this technique has not been validated in primary hypertrophic scar-derived human skin fibroblasts (hHSFs). As hypertrophic scarring arises from the excessive deposition of collagen, this protocol aims to construct a collagen-rich in vitro hypertrophic scar model by applying the MMC technique with hHSFs. This optimized MMC model has been shown to possess more similarities with in vivo scar tissue compared to traditional 2-dimensional (2-D) cell culture systems. In addition, it is cost-effective, time-efficient, and ethically desirable compared to animal models. Therefore, the optimized model reported here offers an advanced &#8220;in vivo-like&#8221; model for hypertrophic scar-related studies.

This protocol describes the use of macromolecular crowding to create an in vitro human hypertrophic scar tissue model that resembles in vivo conditions. When cultivated in a crowded macromolecular environment, human skin fibroblasts exhibit phenotypes, biochemistry, physiology, and functional characteristics resembling scar tissue.

利用大分子挤出的人类食性增大疤痕的体外模型

It has been shown that in vivo tissues are highly crowded by proteins, nucleic acids, ribonucleoproteins, polysaccharides, etc. The following protocol ...

生物工程

A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation

Skin is the human body&#39;s first line of defense and one of the most exposed organs to environmental chemicals. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common skin disease that manifests as a local rash, redness, and skin lesions. The occurrence and development of ACD are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although many scholars have constructed a series of models of ACD in recent years, the experimental protocols of these models are all different, which makes it difficult for readers to establish them well. Therefore, a stable and efficient animal model is of great significance to further study the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. In this study, we detail a modeling method using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) to induce ACD-like symptoms in the ears of mice and describe several methods for assessing the severity of dermatitis during modeling. This experimental protocol has been successfully applied in some experiments and has a certain promotional role in the field of ACD research.

Here, we describe the methods for inducing allergic contact dermatitis in mouse ears by 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) and how to evaluate the severity of allergic contact dermatitis.

用于过敏性接触性皮炎评估的小鼠耳模型

Skin is the human body&#39;s first line of defense and one of the most exposed organs to environmental chemicals. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a ...

免疫与感染

Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro

Recapitulating the host-pathogen interface at the epithelial or mucosal barrier in vitro remains a challenging prospect for infection biologists. While in-house grown 2D epithelial monolayers lack true representation of the in vivo situation, commercially available tissue models are often overlooked due to their cost and practicality. However, with careful planning, such models provide reproducible platforms for a vast array of different applications. Here, we report the use of epithelial models that can be utilized for a wide variety of experimental purposes to investigate host-pathogen interactions in various ecological niches, such as the oral cavity, skin, and vaginal mucosa. From simple planktonic cells to complex biofilm co-culture, epithelial models are used to assess microbial adherence and invasion, and to evaluate the host response at a transcriptional and/or protein level, with scope for more detailed profiling using different omics approaches. Furthermore, these biological systems can be used as more accurate test beds for evaluating conventional and novel antimicrobial activity in a complex host-pathogen microenvironment in vitro. The protocols described herein document how models are handled upon arrival and prepared in the laboratory for co-culture stimulation with biofilm communities. The methods detail how experimental outputs are achieved from the model systems, including the processing of tissue, the co-culture setup, and data generation. These experiments include host gene expression through single- and multiplex qPCR analyses and inflammatory protein detection using ELISAs. In conclusion, epithelial models provide useful in vitro systems for preclinical investigatory studies into simple or complex host-pathogen interactions.

The present protocol outlines the application of organotypic tissue models for investigating host-pathogen interactions in vitro. Specifically, the model system described uses a multi-layered oral epithelium exposed to microorganisms associated with biofilms (dental plaque) within the context of oral health versus disease.

用于研究体外宿主-病原体相互作用的器官型组织模型系统

Recapitulating the host-pathogen interface at the epithelial or mucosal barrier in vitro remains a challenging prospect for infection biologists. While ...

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) after topical formulation application has been a research area of particular interest for regulatory and drug development scientists to mechanistically understand topical bioavailability (BA). Semi-invasive techniques, such as tape-stripping, dermal microdialysis, or dermal open-flow microperfusion, all quantify macroscale cPK. While these techniques have provided vast cPK knowledge, the community lacks a mechanistic understanding of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) penetration and permeation at the cellular level. 
One noninvasive approach to address microscale cPK is coherent Raman scattering imaging (CRI), which selectively targets intrinsic molecular vibrations without the need for extrinsic labels or chemical modification. CRI has two main methods-coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)-that enable sensitive and selective quantification of APIs or inactive ingredients. CARS is typically utilized to derive structural skin information or visualize chemical contrast. In contrast, the SRS signal, which is linear with molecular concentration, is used to quantify APIs or inactive ingredients within skin stratifications. 
Although mouse tissue has commonly been utilized for cPK with CRI, topical BA and bioequivalence (BE) must ultimately be assessed in human tissue before regulatory approval. This paper presents a methodology to prepare and image ex vivo skin to be used in quantitative pharmacokinetic CRI studies in the evaluation of topical BA and BE. This methodology enables reliable and reproducible API quantification within human and mouse skin over time. The concentrations within lipid-rich and lipid-poor compartments, as well as total API concentration over time are quantified; these are utilized for estimates of micro- and macroscale BA and, potentially, BE.

A coherent Raman scattering imaging methodology to visualize and quantify pharmaceutical compounds within the skin is described. This paper describes skin tissue preparation (human and mouse) and topical formulation application, image acquisition to quantify spatiotemporal concentration profiles, and preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis to assess topical drug delivery.

使用相干拉曼散射成像对皮肤内的药物化合物进行可视化和定量

Cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) after topical formulation application has been a research area of particular interest for regulatory and drug development ...

医学

过敏性鼻炎大鼠模型中鼻组织的多色免疫荧光

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), affecting approximately 10%-20% of the world's population. While immunofluorescence (IF) staining has long been a standard technique for detecting disease-specific protein expression, conventional IF techniques are limited in their ability to detect the expression levels of three or more proteins in the same sample. Consequently, multicolor IF techniques have been developed in recent years, which allow the simultaneous labeling of multiple targets in cells or tissues.
This protocol provides a comprehensive overview of the process for establishing a rat model of AR, obtaining nasal mucosal samples, and the technical procedures for multicolor immunofluorescence. All rats in the AR group exhibited typical symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, and an itchy nose, with behavioral observations scoring &#8805;5 points. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining revealed increased inflammatory cell counts and disrupted nasal mucosal integrity in the AR group. Multicolor immunofluorescence (mIF) demonstrated increased expression of ROR&#947;t and TICAM-1, while Foxp3 expression decreased in the nasal mucosa tissue of AR rats.

作者聚焦:利用多色免疫荧光推进过敏性鼻炎研究

This protocol describes a multicolor immunofluorescence technique for evaluating the rat model of allergic rhinitis.

通过多色免疫测定法对过敏性鼻炎大鼠鼻粘膜组织切片进行免疫荧光标记

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, primarily mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), ...

复合痤疮的大鼠模型

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通过多色免疫测定法对过敏性鼻炎大鼠鼻粘膜组织切片进行免疫荧光标记

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通过多色免疫测定法对过敏性鼻炎大鼠鼻粘膜组织切片进行免疫荧光标记