<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>在恒定气压下显微注射针的湿斜面协议

<ol>
	<li>Rubin, G. M., Spradling, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+transformation+of+Drosophila+with+transposable+Element+Vectors.">Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable Element Vectors.</a> Science. 218 (4570), 348-353 (1982).</li><li>O'Brochta, D. A., Atkinson, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transformation+systems+in+insects.">Transformation systems in insects.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 260, 227-254 (2004).</li><li>Handler, A. M., James, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Insect Transgenesis: Methods and Applications. , (2000).</li><li>Harrell, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mosquito+embryo+microinjection.">Mosquito embryo microinjection.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. , (2023).</li><li>Allen, M. L., O'Brochta, D. A., Atkinson, P. W., Levesque, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable,+germ-line+transformation+of+Culex+Quinquefasciatus+(Diptera:+Culicidae).">Stable, germ-line transformation of Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).</a> J Med Entomol. 38 (5), 701-710 (2001).</li><li>Grossman, G. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germline+transformation+of+the+malaria+vector,+Anopheles+gambiae,+with+the+piggyBac+transposable+element.">Germline transformation of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, with the piggyBac transposable element.</a> Insect Mol Biol. 10 (6), 597-604 (2001).</li><li>Adelman, Z. N., Jasinskiene, N., James, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+applications+of+transgenesis+in+the+yellow+fever+mosquito,+Aedes+aegypti.">Development and applications of transgenesis in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.</a> Mol Biochem Parasitol. 121 (1), 1-10 (2002).</li><li>Perera, O. P., Harrell, R. A., Handler, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germ-line+transformation+of+the+South+American+malaria+vector,+Anopheles+albimanus,+with+a+piggyBac/EGFP+transposon+vector+is+routine+and+highly+efficient.">Germ-line transformation of the South American malaria vector, Anopheles albimanus, with a piggyBac/EGFP transposon vector is routine and highly efficient.</a> Insect Mol Biol. 11 (4), 291-297 (2002).</li><li>Harrell, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mosquito+embryo+microinjection+under+halocarbon+oil+or+in+aqueous+solution.">Mosquito embryo microinjection under halocarbon oil or in aqueous solution.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. , (2023).</li><li>Louradour, I., Ghosh, K., Inbar, E., Sacks, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR/Cas9+mutagenesis+in+Phlebotomus+papatasi:+The+immune+deficiency+pathway+impacts+vector+competence+for+Leishmania+major.">CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in Phlebotomus papatasi: The immune deficiency pathway impacts vector competence for Leishmania major.</a> mBio. 10 (4), e01941 (2019).</li><li>Tamura, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germline+transformation+of+the+silkworm+Bombyx+mori+L.+using+a+piggyBac+transposon-derived+vector.">Germline transformation of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. using a piggyBac transposon-derived vector.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 18 (1), 81-84 (2000).</li><li>. BV-10 Micropipette Beveler Operation Manual Rev. 3.00 Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.manualslib.com/manual/2073788/Sutter-Instrument-Bv-10.html">https://www.manualslib.com/manual/2073788/Sutter-Instrument-Bv-10.html</a> (2018)</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1.0 mm O.D. microcapillaries</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beveler pedestal oil</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bicycle fender clip</td>
			<td>VeloOrange</td>
			<td>R-clip 4-pack</td>
			<td>https://velo-orange.com/products/vo-r-clip-4-pack</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boom Stand Microscope</td>
			<td>AmScope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>AMScope 3.5X-90X Trinocular LED Boom Stand Stereo Microscope or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BV-10 Beveler</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>BV-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diamond abrasive plate&#160;</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>104F</td>
			<td>Diamond abrasive plate - extra fine (0.2 &#181; to 1.0 &#181; tip sizes)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gasket, Buna-N</td>
			<td>Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc.</td>
			<td>11761-2-pkg</td>
			<td>Used to seal connection on T&#160; or L connectors, if not already included with these pieces</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hose Clamp</td>
			<td>Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc.</td>
			<td>5000-2-pkg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hose connector</td>
			<td>Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc.</td>
			<td>CT4-pkg</td>
			<td>Need 5 hose connectors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microinjection Needle Holder</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>MPH3-10</td>
			<td>Needle holder for 1mm outer diameter microcapillaries</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P-2000</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any needle puller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photo-Flo 200 Solution</td>
			<td>B&#38;H Photo, Video and Audio</td>
			<td>BH #KOPF200P&#160; MFR #1464510</td>
			<td>wetting agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure Gauge</td>
			<td>Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc.</td>
			<td>PG-100</td>
			<td>0-100 psi gauge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reference wick</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>X050300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reference wick holder</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>M100019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Regulator</td>
			<td>Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc.</td>
			<td>01-Mar</td>
			<td>Need #10-32 ports for connections</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber Packing Sheet 6 inx 6 in</td>
			<td>Danco</td>
			<td>Model # 59849</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T fitting</td>
			<td>Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc.</td>
			<td>15002-2-pkg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Threaded Bar</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Either a threaded rod or bar with threaded end. Threads must be 10-32.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urethane tubing</td>
			<td>Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc.</td>
			<td>URH1-0804-BLT-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

wet beveling of microinjection needles utilizing constant air pressure for feedback on needle opening

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：通过湿式斜面提高显微注射针质量

利用恒定气压对针头开口进行湿式坡口

Microinjection needles are a critical tool in the delivery of genome modification reagents, CRISPR components (guide RNAs, Cas9 protein, and donor ...

wet-beveling-microinjection-needles-utilizing-constant-air-pressure

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Wet Beveling of Microinjection Needles Utilizing Constant Air Pressure for Feedback on Needle Opening

282 次观看.  University of Maryland. 昆虫转化设施，我们是一家大学服务机构，帮助客户制造转基因昆虫。他们的研究范围从神经科学（他们正在进行蚊子嗅觉研究）到公共卫生研究（他们正在制造疟疾疫苗），再到在黑水虻中表达新蛋白质。传统上，针头是通过拉动针头，然后用刷子刷在某物上以打开针头，这样可以产生非常适合显微注射或无法使用的针头。因此，这种方法使...

视频: 作者聚焦：通过湿式斜面提高显微注射针质量

Microinjection of Xenopus Laevis Oocytes

Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes followed by thin-sectioning electron microscopy (EM) is an excellent system for studying nucleocytoplasmic transport. Because of its large nucleus and high density of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), nuclear transport can be easily visualized in the Xenopus oocyte. Much insight into the mechanisms of nuclear import and export has been gained through use of this system (reviewed by Pant&eacute;, 2006). In addition, we have used microinjection of Xenopus oocytes to dissect the nuclear import pathways of several viruses that replicate in the host nucleus. 
Here we demonstrate the cytoplasmic microinjection of Xenopus oocytes with a nuclear import substrate. We also show preparation of the injected oocytes for visualization by thin-sectioning EM, including dissection, dehydration, and embedding of the oocytes into an epoxy embedding resin. Finally, we provide representative results for oocytes that have been microinjected with the capsid of the baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) or the parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice (MVM), and discuss potential applications of the technique.

Here we demonstrate cytoplasmic microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes with a nuclear import substrate, as well as preparation of the injected oocytes for visualization by thin-sectioning electron microscopy.

非洲爪蟾卵母细胞的微量注射

Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes followed by thin-sectioning electron microscopy (EM) is an excellent system for studying nucleocytoplasmic ...

科研

生物学

Intranuclear Microinjection of DNA into Dissociated Adult Mammalian Neurons

Primary neuronal cell cultures are valuable tools to study protein function since they represent a more biologically relevant system compared to immortalized cell lines. However, the post-mitotic nature of primary neurons prevents effective heterologous protein expression using common procedures such as electroporation or chemically-mediated transfection. Thus, other techniques must be employed in order to effectively express proteins in these non-dividing cells.
In this article, we describe the steps required to perform intranuclear injections of cDNA constructs into dissociated adult sympathetic neurons. This technique, which has been applied to different types of neurons, can successfully induce heterologous protein expression. The equipment essential for the microinjection procedure includes an inverted microscope to visualize cells, a glass injection pipet filled with cDNA solution that is connected to a N2(g) pressure delivery system, and a micromanipulator. The micromanipulator coordinates the injection motion of microinjection pipet with a brief pulse of pressurized N2 to eject cDNA solution from the pipet tip. 
This technique does not have the toxicity associated with many other transfection methods and enables multiple DNA constructs to be expressed at a consistent ratio. The low number of injected cells makes the microinjection procedure well suited for single cell studies such as electrophysiological recordings and optical imaging, but may not be ideal for biochemical assays that require a larger number of cells and higher transfection efficiencies. Although intranuclear microinjections require an investment of equipment and time, the ability to achieve high levels of heterologous protein expression in a physiologically relevant environment makes this technique a very useful tool to investigate protein function.

Direct intranuclear injection of cDNA is an effective transfection technique for post-mitotic cells. This method provides high levels of heterologous protein expression from single or multiple cDNA constructs and enables protein function to be studied in a physiologically relevant environment with a variety of single cell assays.

游离成年哺乳动物元DNA的细胞核内内微量注射

Primary neuronal cell cultures are valuable tools to study protein function since they represent a more biologically relevant system compared to ...

Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes

While numerous studies have examined gene expression changes from homogenates of heart tissue, this prevents studying the inherent stochastic variation between cells within a tissue. Isolation of pure cardiomyocyte populations through a collagenase perfusion of mouse hearts facilitates the generation of single cell microarrays for whole transcriptome gene expression, or qPCR of specific targets using nanofluidic arrays. We describe here a procedure to examine single cell gene expression profiles of cardiomyocytes isolated from the heart. This paradigm allows for the evaluation of metrics of interest which are not reliant on the mean (for example variance between cells within a tissue) which is not possible when using conventional whole tissue workflows for the evaluation of gene expression (Figure 1). We have achieved robust amplification of the single cell transcriptome yielding micrograms of double stranded cDNA that facilitates the use of microarrays on individual cells. In the procedure we describe the use of NimbleGen arrays which were selected for their ease of use and ability to customize their design. Alternatively, a reverse transcriptase - specific target amplification (RT-STA) reaction, allows for qPCR of hundreds of targets by nanofluidic PCR. Using either of these approaches, it is possible to examine the variability of expression between cells, as well as examining expression profiles of rare cell types from within a tissue. Overall, the single cell gene expression approach allows for the generation of data that can potentially identify idiosyncratic expression profiles that are typically averaged out when examining expression of millions of cells from typical homogenates generated from whole tissues.

Single cell expression profiling allows the detailed gene expression analysis of individual cells. We describe methods for the isolation of cardiomyocytes, and preparing the resulting lysates for either whole transcriptome microarray or qPCR of specific targets.

成年小鼠心肌细胞的单细胞转录谱

While numerous studies have examined gene expression changes from homogenates of heart tissue, this prevents studying the inherent stochastic variation ...

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

In vitro models using human primary epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory epithelium in the context of microbial infections or inhaled agents. Direct comparisons of cells obtained from diseased populations allow us to characterize different phenotypes and dissect the underlying mechanisms mediating changes in epithelial cell function. Culturing epithelial cells from the human tracheobronchial region has been well documented, but is limited by the availability of human lung tissue or invasiveness associated with obtaining the bronchial brushes biopsies. Nasal epithelial cells are obtained through much less invasive superficial nasal scrape biopsies and subjects can be biopsied multiple times with no significant side effects. Additionally, the nose is the entry point to the respiratory system and therefore one of the first sites to be exposed to any kind of air-borne stressor, such as microbial agents, pollutants, or allergens. 
Briefly, nasal epithelial cells obtained from human volunteers are expanded on coated tissue culture plates, and then transferred onto cell culture inserts. Upon reaching confluency, cells continue to be cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI), for several weeks, which creates more physiologically relevant conditions. The ALI culture condition uses defined media leading to a differentiated epithelium that exhibits morphological and functional characteristics similar to the human nasal epithelium, with both ciliated and mucus producing cells. Tissue culture inserts with differentiated nasal epithelial cells can be manipulated in a variety of ways depending on the research questions (treatment with pharmacological agents, transduction with lentiviral vectors, exposure to gases, or infection with microbial agents) and analyzed for numerous different endpoints ranging from cellular and molecular pathways, functional changes, morphology, etc. 
In vitro models of differentiated human nasal epithelial cells will enable investigators to address novel and important research questions by using organotypic experimental models that largely mimic the nasal epithelium in vivo.

Nasal epithelial cells, obtained through superficial scrape biopsy of human volunteers, are expanded and transferred onto tissue culture inserts. Upon reaching confluency, cells are grown at air liquid interface, yielding cultures of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Differentiated nasal epithelial cell cultures provide viable experimental models for studying the respiratory mucosa.

人鼻粘膜上皮细胞在气液界面培养

In vitro models using human primary  epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory  epithelium in the context of ...

Single-cell Microinjection for Cell Communication Analysis

Gap junctions are intercellular channels that allow the communication of neighboring cells. This communication depends on the contribution of a hemichannel by each neighboring cell to form the gap junction. In mammalian cells, the hemichannel is formed by six connexins, monomers with four transmembrane domains and a C and N terminal within the cytoplasm. Gap junctions permit the exchange of ions, second messengers, and small metabolites. In addition, they have important roles in many forms of cellular communication within physiological processes such as synaptic transmission, heart contraction, cell growth and differentiation. We detail how to perform a single-cell microinjection of Lucifer Yellow to visualize cellular communication via gap-junctions in living cells. It is expected that in functional gap junctions, the dye will diffuse from the loaded cell to the connected cells. It is a very useful technique to study gap junctions since you can evaluate the diffusion of the fluorescence in real time. We discuss how to prepare the cells and the micropipette, how to use a micromanipulator and inject a low molecular weight fluorescent dye in an epithelial cell line.

We describe here how to perform a single-cell microinjection of Lucifer Yellow to visualize cellular communication via gap-junctions in living cells, and provide some useful tips. We expect that this paper will help everyone to evaluate the degree of cellular coupling due to functional gap junctions. Everything described here could be, in principle, adapted to other fluorescent dyes with molecular weight below 1,000 Daltons.

Cell的传播分析单细胞显微注射

Gap junctions are intercellular channels that allow the communication of neighboring cells. This communication depends on the contribution of a ...

In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation of Mouse Testis

This video and article contribution gives a comprehensive description of microinjection and electroporation of mouse testis in vivo. This particular transfection technique for testicular mouse cells allows the study of unique processes in spermatogenesis.
The following protocol focuses on transfection of testicular mouse cells with plasmid constructs. Specifically, we used the reporter vector pEGFP-C1, which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and also the pDsRed2-N1 vector expressing red fluorescent protein (DsRed2). Both encoded reporter genes were under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter (CMV).
For performing gene transfer into mouse testes, the reporter plasmid constructs are injected into testes of living mice. To that end, the testis of an anaesthetized animal is exposed and the site of microinjection is prepared. Our preferred place of injection is the efferent duct, with the ultimately connected rete testis as the anatomical transport route of the spermatozoa between the testis and the epididymis. In this way, the filling of the seminiferous tubules after microinjection is excellently managed and controlled due to the use of stained DNA solutions. After observing a sufficient filling of the testis by its colored tubule structure, the organ is electroporated. This enables the transfer of the DNA solution into the testicular&#160;cells. Following 3 days of incubation, the testis is removed and investigated under the microscope for green or red&#160;fluorescence, illustrating transfection success.
Generally, this protocol can be employed for delivering DNA- or RNA- constructs into living mouse testis in order to (over)express or knock down genes, facilitating in vivo gene function analysis. Furthermore, it is suitable for studying reporter constructs or putative gene regulatory elements. Thus, the main advantages of the electroporation technique are fast performance in combination with low effort as well as the moderate technical equipment and skills required compared to alternative techniques.

In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation of Mouse Testis

This article describes microinjection and electroporation of mouse testis in&#160;vivo as a&#160;transfection technique for testicular mouse cells to study unique processes of spermatogenesis. The presented protocol involves steps of glass capillary preparation, microinjection via the efferent duct, and transfection by electroporation.

在小鼠睾丸活体显微注射和电穿孔

This video and article contribution gives a comprehensive description of microinjection and electroporation of mouse testis in vivo. This particular ...

A Method for Microinjection of Patiria minata Zygotes

Echinoderms have long been a favorite model system for studies of reproduction and development, and more recently for the study of gene regulation and evolution of developmental processes. The sea star, Patiria miniata, is gaining prevalence as a model system for these types of studies which were previously performed almost exclusively in the sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus. An advantage of these model systems is the ease of producing modified embryos in which a particular gene is up or downregulated, labeling a group of cells, or introducing a reporter gene. A single microinjection method is capable of creating a wide variety of such modified embryos. Here, we present a method for obtaining gametes from P. miniata, producing zygotes, and introducing perturbing reagents via microinjection. Healthy morphant embryos are subsequently isolated for quantitative and qualitative studies of gene function. The availability of genome and transcriptome data for this organism has increased the types of studies that are performed and the ease of executing them.

A Method for Microinjection of Patiria minata Zygotes

Methods that produce morphant embryos are essential to study developmental mechanisms and gene regulatory networks. The sea star Patiria miniata is an emerging model system for these studies. Here we present a protocol for obtaining gametes, producing cultures of embryos, and rapid microinjection of zygotes from this species.

用于显微注射的方法<em&gt; Patiria minata</em&gt;合子

Echinoderms have long been a favorite model system for studies of reproduction and development, and more recently for the study of gene regulation and ...

A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay

Small molecules provide rich targets for biosensing applications due to their physiological implications as biomarkers of various aspects of human health and performance. Nucleic acid aptamers have been increasingly applied as recognition elements on biosensor platforms, but selecting aptamers toward small molecule targets requires special design considerations. This work describes modification and critical steps of a method designed to select structure-switching aptamers to small molecule targets. Binding sequences from a DNA library hybridized to complementary DNA capture probes on magnetic beads are separated from nonbinders via a target-induced change in conformation. This method is advantageous because sequences binding the support matrix (beads) will not be further amplified, and it does not require immobilization of the target molecule. However, the melting temperature of the capture probe and library is kept at or slightly above RT, such that sequences that dehybridize based on thermodynamics will also be present in the supernatant solution. This effectively limits the partitioning efficiency (ability to separate target binding sequences from nonbinders), and therefore many selection rounds will be required to remove background sequences. The reported method differs from previous structure-switching aptamer selections due to implementation of negative selection steps, simplified enrichment monitoring, and extension of the length of the capture probe following selection enrichment to provide enhanced stringency. The selected structure-switching aptamers are advantageous in a gold nanoparticle assay platform that reports the presence of a target molecule by the conformational change of the aptamer. The gold nanoparticle assay was applied because it provides a simple, rapid colorimetric readout that is beneficial in a clinical or deployed environment. Design and optimization considerations are presented for the assay as proof-of-principle work in buffer to provide a foundation for further extension of the work toward small molecule biosensing in physiological fluids.

A protocol is provided to select structure-switching aptamers for small molecule targets based on a tunable stringency magnetic bead selection method. Aptamers selected with structure-switching properties are beneficial for assays that require a conformational change to signal the presence of a target, such as the described gold nanoparticle assay.

适用于比色金纳米粒子检测方法的选择结构切换适配方法

Small molecules provide rich targets for biosensing applications due to their physiological implications as biomarkers of various aspects of human health ...

Design and Development of Aptamer&#8211;Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications

The design and development of an aptamer&#8211;gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric assay for the detection of small molecules for in-the-field applications was examined. Target selective AuNP based color assays have been developed in controlled proof-of-concept laboratory settings. However, these schemes have not been exerted to a point of failure to determine their practical use beyond laboratory settings. This work describes a generic approach to design, develop, and troubleshoot an aptamer-AuNP colorimetric assay for small molecule analytes and using the assay for in-the-field settings. The assay is advantageous because adsorbed aptamers passivate the nanoparticle surfaces and provide a means to reduce and eliminate false positive responses to non-target analytes. Transitioning this system to practical uses required defining not only the shelf-life of the aptamer-AuNP assay, but establishing methods and procedures for extending the long-term storage capabilities. Also, one of the recognized concerns with colorimetric readout is the burden placed on analysts to accurately identify often subtle changes in color. To lessen the responsibility on analysts in the field, a color analysis protocol was designed to perform the color identification duties without the need for performing this task on laboratory grade equipment. The method for creating and testing the data analysis protocol is described. However to understand and influence the design of adsorbed aptamer assays, the interactions associated with the aptamer, target, and AuNPs require further study. The knowledge gained could lead to tailoring aptamers for improved functionality.

The design and development of an aptamer&#8211;gold nanoparticle colorimetric assay for the detection of small molecules for in-the-field applications was examined. Additionally, a smart-device colorimetric application (app) was validated and long-term storage of the assay was established for use in the field.

设计和适体 - 金纳米粒子基于比色法的开发在这领域的应用

The design and development of an aptamer&#8211;gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric assay for the detection of small molecules for in-the-field ...

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid decline in renal function and development of the clinical syndrome known as acute kidney injury (AKI). Pharmacological agents used to treat medical circumstances ranging from bacterial infection to cancer, when administered individually or in combination with other drugs, can initiate AKI. Zebrafish are a useful animal model to study the chemical effects on renal function in vivo, as they form an embryonic kidney comprised of nephron functional units that are conserved with higher vertebrates, including humans. Further, zebrafish can be utilized to perform genetic and chemical screens, which provide opportunities to elucidate the cellular and molecular facets of AKI and develop therapeutic strategies such as the identification of nephroprotective molecules. Here, we demonstrate how microinjection into the zebrafish embryo can be utilized as a paradigm for nephrotoxin studies.

Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.

肾毒素显微注射斑马鱼到模型急性肾损伤

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid ...