我们想感谢脑产品有限责任公司提供的设备，专门知识和帮助。这项研究是由联邦经济和技术从德国航天局（DLR）50WB0819授予通过部。

1。实验过程<ol><li>地面飞行前的准备 - 这个题目准备在机场的一个单独的房间。 （起飞前1-2小时） <ol><li>安装脑电图/近红外光谱帽<ol><li>电极和近红外传感器连接到头皮脑电图帽。这种方法可以确保正确的位置传感器。 </li><li>盖大小，是由主体的头部的大小</li><li>运营商确定正确位置的第。长征电极顶点（点中途之间的鼻根和洋葱），PO9 - PO10 FP1，FP2电极水平，上限是对称的。 </li><li>心率电极放在胸部</li></ol></li><li>尽量减少阻抗<ol><li>脑产品actiCAP电极连接到控制箱。 </li><li>每个电极包含发光二极管，变成红色，当阻抗测量开始。 </li><li>头发被移开电极尖端与钝头的针。 </li><li>凝胶注射之间的电极尖端和皮肤表面。 </li><li>颜色LED的变化，阻抗减小。最初的红色变成黄色，黄色变成绿色，如果达到目标阻抗值。 </li><li>目标阻抗是25欧姆，自积极的电极提供了良好的信号噪声低于此值的口粮。因此，第筹备方便快捷。 </li><li>运营商开始工作参考和接地电极，和所有其他电极重复。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>板飞行前的准备<ol><li>预测量<ol><li>科目置于实验装置，安全带固定松散</li><li>电缆连接，装入电池。 </li><li>运营商开始脑电图和近红外光谱模块，控制连接和脑电图/近红外光谱信号的质量。 </li><li>记录静息状态下脑电图/近红外光谱。受试者没有任何任务。 </li><li>停止录音。 </li><li>受试者在地面上执行认知任务。认知任务是注意/计算任务（ <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/chalkboard-challenge/id317961833?mt=8">http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/chalkboard-challenge/id317961833?mt=8</a> ），科目，以确定这是量比较大的一个方程的方其他有关的速度和准确性。 </li></ol></li><li>存储设备<ol><li>运营商存储的相机和起飞的iPhone。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>在飞行测量<ol><li>制备<ol><li>操作员安装视频摄像机扶手，并开始录制。 </li><li> iPhone手机是放在大腿的科目。 </li><li>运营商开始脑电图和近红外光谱模块，控制脑电图/近红外光谱信号的质量，并开始录制。 </li></ol></li><li>测量<ol><li>受试者在两个抛物线11-15和16-20之间的五个抛物线块执行认知任务。以随机顺序执行的任务将在失重状态或正常重力。只有休息状态脑电图/近红外光谱记录在第10抛物线。最后一个抛物线将用于在以前的测量丢失的情况下（见图1）。 </li><li>运营商控制的录音，并指示科目。运营商将写下的认知测试和时间的所有结果。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>地面飞行后的测量<ol><ol><li>静息状态下的脑电图/近红外光谱测量进行。 </li></ol></ol></li></ol>我们期望找到在失重增加脑激活（施耐德等人2008 + 2009之前）所示。我们进一步预期，因此增加含氧额叶脑组织中的失重和降低超重含氧组织。注意任务应该是整个飞行过程中受损，相比前和飞行后，甚至在失重状态下，由于较高的中央在失重状态下的激活和兴奋。 2。代表性的成果映射从超重相失重的过渡，我们能够观察到，在额叶皮质增加大脑皮质活动，减少了活动的时间和枕叶皮层2000 - 2350毫秒后发病的失重（图2A，B）。 sLORETA允许本地化布罗德曼面积9背外侧前额叶皮层，这是众所周知的行政职能涉及电机策划，组织和调控过程中的感觉和助记符信息的整合，（图3A，B额叶激活增加）。此外，受2显示增加布罗德曼面积6，运动前皮层，在身体稳定的过程中的作用，在感官指导（参见图3b）。 第10抛物线的平均值，近红外光谱的分析显示，减少超重两个科目的氧合血红蛋白（HHB）的浓度以及增加氧合血红蛋白在失重状态下（O2Hb）。对于主题1 HHB血红蛋白中，我们发现了在超重阶段增加的趋势之前，失重，以及减少在失重和失重后超重阶段。在这个问题O2Hb回到基线10％至15秒以下的抛物线。反差2显示沿O2Hb在减少超重阶段的失重前略有增加，在失重的增加和减少在超重后失重。对于这个问题O2Hb仍然下降约30秒以下的抛物线（图4A，B） 认知任务，在飞行过程中都在正常重力的参与者相比，预检会议性能降低分数。仅须2显示在weightlessnes下降的得分（图5）。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig1.jpg" alt="图1" /> 图1。抛物线飞行序列。订购任务，并在飞行过程中测量;抛物线数量显示为灰色，用撇号的数字表示抛物线之间的长度较长的休息。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig2a.jpg" alt="图2a" /> <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig2b.jpg" alt="图2b" /> 图2两个科目超过500毫秒之前失重（超重）在失重状态下，直到2500毫秒间的映射视图。视图是从头部上方;小圆圈表示电极位置，蓝色减少和黄红色微伏的electrocortical活动增加。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig3a.jpg" alt="图3a" /> <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig3b.jpg" alt="图3b" /> 图3三个LORETA意见（顶部:从上面，左下:从左侧，右下:从背面）两个科目在2000毫秒的时间内，发病后的失重状态，直到2350毫秒。红色表明大脑活动的增加。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig4a.jpg" alt="图4a" /> <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig4b.jpg" alt="图4b" /> 图4近红外光谱的痕迹（红色:氧合血红蛋白，蓝色:脱氧血红蛋白，黑色:重力水平）。抛物线内超过前40秒，在正常重力抛物线（1G:黄色区域），在第一个超重阶段， （1.8 G:蓝色区域），失重（0G:红色区域），直到40秒后，抛物线在第二超重阶段（1.8G:蓝色区域）。显示反重力水平（中微量的减少意味着重力等于正常重力（1G），从0开始增加，数据显示，平均超过10抛物线。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2670/2670fig5.jpg" alt="图5" /> 图5。参与者1的认知任务的性能得分（蓝色线）和2个测量飞行前培训和在失重状态下的空中（0G）和正常重力（1G）（红色曲线）。

<ol>
	<li>Santo, N. G. D. e., Cirillo, M., Kirsch, K. A., Correale, G., Drummer, C., Frassl, W., Perna, A. F., Stazio, E. D. i., Bellini, L., Gunga, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anemia+and+erythropoietin+in+space+flights.">Anemia and erythropoietin in space flights.</a> Semin Nephrol. 25, 379-387 (2005).</li><li>Ellis, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collisions+in+space.">Collisions in space.</a> , 4-9 (2000).</li><li>Genik, R. J. 2. n. d., Green, C. C., Graydon, F. X., Armstrong, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cognitive+avionics+and+watching+spaceflight+crews+think:+generation-after-next+research+tools+in+functional+neuroimaging.+Aviat+Space+Environ+Med+76.">Cognitive avionics and watching spaceflight crews think: generation-after-next research tools in functional neuroimaging. Aviat Space Environ Med 76.</a> , 208-212 (2005).</li><li>Schneider, S., Brummer, V., Carnahan, H., Dubrowski, A., Askew, C. D., Struder, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+happens+to+the+brain+in+weightlessness?+A+first+approach+by+EEG+tomography.">What happens to the brain in weightlessness? A first approach by EEG tomography.</a> Neuroimage. 42, 1316-1323 (2008).</li><li>Schneider, S., Brummer, V., Mierau, A., Carnahan, H., Dubrowski, A., Strueder, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+brain+cortical+activity+during+parabolic+flights+has+no+influence+on+a+motor+tracking+task.">Increased brain cortical activity during parabolic flights has no influence on a motor tracking task.</a> Exp Brain Res. 185, 571-579 (2008).</li><li>Schneider, S., Brummer, V., Gobel, S., Carnahan, H., Dubrowski, A., Struder, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parabolic+flight+experience+is+related+to+increased+release+of+stress+hormones.">Parabolic flight experience is related to increased release of stress hormones.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 100, 301-308 (2007).</li></ol>

生产这篇文章是由大脑的产品，公司赞助。罗兰Csuhaj脑产品在这篇文章中使用的仪器，有限责任公司，该公司生产的雇员。

由于缺少极端条件下的脑成像方法，到目前为止，底层的神经生理过程的认知能力和心理状态减值尚未评估。在本文中，我们能显示在大脑皮质活动的变化和一个抛物线飞行过程中的氧水平和本地化大脑内的这些变化使用脑电图结合LORETA和近红外光谱。正如预期的那样，我们发现在失重electrocortical活动的增加，这是正面的大脑区域（布罗德曼地区9 6）本地化的。结果表明，过渡后大脑皮质活动的大约2000名多发性硬化症是在正面的大脑区域主要修改。这可能是假设布罗德曼面积6和9的活性增加，这反映了大脑的检测和处理，以保持身体的稳定，以及电机在重力条件下改变的能力改变重力条件下的机制。 对于血流动力学变化，近红外光谱分析显示，额叶脑O2Hb显着降低，在第一阶段超重和失重增加，但是，HHB显示，只有适度的变化。因此这种影响不能归因于血容量完全转变。更有可能的是，这似乎反映了一种脑血管自动调节功能，尤其是在发生O2Hb增加很久以前从1.8克到0G（尤其是在图4）过渡。相比之下O2Hb和HHB双方在第二超重阶段的减少。 认知任务的结果表明:在正常重力或失重飞行中预检会议相比没有明显的障碍。基于两个科目的结果没有明确的说法是可能的抛物线飞行，失重状态，其大脑活动的增加和氧合水平是否有认知能力的影响。早先的研究使人们有理由相信，在这方面的压力也可能发挥的作用（Schneider 等人，2007年），但没有皮质醇浓度的变化可以得到这两个问题。需要进一步的数据来验证这些结果，并允许在大脑皮质活动的变化，血流动力学变化，以及认知能力的相关性。 本文旨在表明，在脑皮层的活动和血氧水平的变化，整个改变重力的不同阶段的监测是通过脑电图结合近红外光谱和LORETA。这些结果为空间研究的成功，将使复杂的脑皮层的活动和当地的变化显示，超重或失重，与大脑中的客观变化和关联精神或电机测试。下一步是这种方法适用于在长期的空间飞行任务。

coherence between brain cortical function and neurocognitive performance during changed gravity conditions

以往的研究，认知心理和/或电机在短期，中期和长期的失重过程只有描述性，并侧重于心理方面。到现在为止，还没有进行客观的观察神经电生理参数-的技术和方法手段，无疑是因为还没有着落-失重的神经生理影响的调查是在萌芽阶段（施耐德等 2008 ）。 虽然成像技术，如正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和磁共振成像（MRI）将在太空中难以适用，非侵入性的近红外光谱（NIRS）技术代表了实时映射在大脑中的血流动力学过程的方法都相对便宜，即使在极端条件下，可聘用。脑电图（EEG）的结合，开辟了按照不断变化的更精细的时间分辨率以及重力条件下进行了深入的本地化electrocortical的进程实例electrotomography（LORETA），的可能性。 以往的研究表明，正常重力条件下的β频率活动的增加和一个抛物线飞行期间失重条件下减少（施耐德等。2008A + B ）。倾斜的研究揭示脑功能的不同而变化，我们建议，在抛物线飞行中的变化可能反映情感过程，而不是血流动力学变化。不过，目前还不清楚这些是否改变重力或大脑内的血流动力学变化的影响。脑电图/ LORETA和近红外光谱相结合，要为第一次，它可以映射失重和低重力的大脑中的血流动力学和电生理过程的影响。最初，这是一个抛物线飞行期间完成可行性研究的一部分。之后，它也计划在中期和长期的太空飞行中使用这两种技术。 可以设想，长期的氧气供应到大脑的血容量和相应增加的再分配，会导致中枢神经系统的变化，也负责贫血过程，可以依次降低性能（德圣等，2005），这意味着他们可以为一个使命（Genik 等人，2005年，埃利斯2000年）的成功和安全的关键。 根据这些结果，就必须发展和聘请广泛的对策。火星500计划研究的初步结果表明，除了其在心血管和运动系统，运动和体力活动的背景下的意义，可以起到改善神经损伤的参数的一部分。在此之前可以完全建立起来，但是，似乎有必要了解更多的改变对神经生理过程和相关的神经认知功能损害的严重性条件的影响。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions at JoVE.com

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

大脑中的血流动力学和电生理过程，失重和超重的影响将是脑电图和近红外光谱技术的抛物线飞行期间。一个更复杂的实验，这是有计划地进行中期和长期的太空飞行期间的可行性研究。

大脑皮质功能和神经在更改重力条件下的性能之间的一致性

Previous studies of cognitive, mental and/or motor processes during short-, medium- and long-term weightlessness have only been descriptive in nature, and ...

coherence-between-brain-cortical-function-neurocognitive-performance

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

19.5K 次观看.  German Sport University Cologne. 大脑中的血流动力学和电生理过程，失重和超重的影响将是脑电图和近红外光谱技术的抛物线飞行期间。一个更复杂的实验，这是有计划地进行中期和长期的太空飞行期间的可行性研究。

视频: Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Recent studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal human walking. Part of this evidence encompasses studies, including our previous work, demonstrating that gait kinematics and limb coordination during treadmill walking can be inferred from the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) with reasonably high decoding accuracies. These results provide impetus for development of non-invasive brain-machine-interface (BMI) systems for use in restoration and/or augmentation of gait- a primary goal of rehabilitation research. To date, studies examining EEG decoding of activity during gait have been limited to treadmill walking in a controlled environment. However, to be practically viable a BMI system must be applicable for use in everyday locomotor tasks such as over ground walking and turning. Here, we present a novel protocol for non-invasive collection of brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (electromyography (EMG)), and whole-body kinematic data (head, torso, and limb trajectories) during both treadmill and over ground walking tasks. By collecting these data in the uncontrolled environment insight can be gained regarding the feasibility of decoding unconstrained gait and surface EMG from scalp EEG.

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Development of an effective brain-machine-interface (BMI) system for restoration and rehabilitation of bipedal locomotion requires accurate decoding of user's intent. Here we present a novel experimental protocol and data collection technique for simultaneous non-invasive acquisition of neural activity, muscle activity, and whole-body kinematics during various locomotion tasks and conditions.

同时头皮脑电图（EEG），肌电图（EMG）和全身分部惯性录制多模态神经解码

Recent  studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal  human walking. Part of this evidence  encompasses studies, ...

科研

行为学

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

Numerous studies have emerged recently that demonstrate the possibility of modulating, and in some cases enhancing, cognitive processes by exciting brain regions involved in working memory and attention using transcranial electrical brain stimulation. Some researchers now believe the cerebellum supports cognition, possibly via a remote neuromodulatory effect on the prefrontal cortex. This paper describes a procedure for investigating a role for the cerebellum in cognition using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and a selection of information-processing tasks of varying task difficulty, which have previously been shown to involve working memory, attention and cerebellar functioning. One task is called the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) and the other a novel variant of this task called the Paced Auditory Serial Subtraction Task (PASST). A verb generation task and its two controls (noun and verb reading) were also investigated. All five tasks were performed by three separate groups of participants, before and after the modulation of cortico-cerebellar connectivity using anodal, cathodal or sham tDCS over the right cerebellar cortex. The procedure demonstrates how performance (accuracy, verbal response latency and variability) could be selectively improved after cathodal stimulation, but only during tasks that the participants rated as difficult, and not easy. Performance was unchanged by anodal or sham stimulation. These findings demonstrate a role for the cerebellum in cognition, whereby activity in the left prefrontal cortex is likely dis-inhibited by cathodal tDCS over the right cerebellar cortex. Transcranial brain stimulation is growing in popularity in various labs and clinics. However, the after-effects of tDCS are inconsistent between individuals and not always polarity-specific, and may even be task- or load-specific, all of which requires further study. Future efforts might also be guided towards neuro-enhancement in cerebellar patients presenting with cognitive impairment once a better understanding of brain stimulation mechanisms has emerged.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the cerebellum exerts a remote effect on the prefrontal cortex, which can modulate cognition and performance. This was demonstrated using two information-processing tasks of varying complexity, whereby only cathodal tDCS improved performance when the task was difficult, but not easy.

调节认知使用小脑经颅直流电刺激

Numerous studies have emerged recently that demonstrate the possibility of modulating, and in some cases enhancing, cognitive processes by exciting brain ...

Vision Training Methods for Sports Concussion Mitigation and Management

There is emerging evidence supporting the use vision training, including light board training tools, as a concussion baseline and neuro-diagnostic tool and potentially as a supportive component to concussion prevention strategies. This paper is focused on providing detailed methods for select vision training tools and reporting normative data for comparison when vision training is a part of a sports management program. The overall program includes standard vision training methods including tachistoscope, Brock&#8217;s string, and strobe glasses, as well as specialized light board training algorithms. Stereopsis is measured as a means to monitor vision training affects. In addition, quantitative results for vision training methods as well as baseline and post-testing *A and Reaction Test measures with progressive scores are reported. Collegiate athletes consistently improve after six weeks of training in their stereopsis, *A and Reaction Test scores. When vision training is initiated as a team wide exercise, the incidence of concussion decreases in players who participate in training compared to players who do not receive the vision training. Vision training produces functional and performance changes that, when monitored, can be used to assess the success of the vision training and can be initiated as part of a sports medical intervention for concussion prevention.

This paper describes a protocol to conduct, quantitatively monitor, and assess the success of vision training initiated as part of a sports medical management program including intervention for concussion prevention and performance enhancement.

视觉训练方法体育震荡缓解与管理

There is emerging evidence supporting the use vision training, including light board training tools, as a concussion baseline and neuro-diagnostic tool ...

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Spatial intelligence is often linked to success in engineering education and engineering professions. The use of electroencephalography enables comparative calculation of individuals&#39; neural efficiency as they perform successive tasks requiring spatial ability to derive solutions. Neural efficiency here is defined as having less beta activation, and therefore expending fewer neural resources, to perform a task in comparison to other groups or other tasks. For inter-task comparisons of tasks with similar durations, these measurements may enable a comparison of task type difficulty. For intra-participant and inter-participant comparisons, these measurements provide potential insight into the participant&#39;s level of spatial ability and different engineering problem solving tasks. Performance on the selected tasks can be analyzed and correlated with beta activities. This work presents a detailed research protocol studying the neural efficiency of students engaged in the solving of typical spatial ability and Statics problems. Students completed problems specific to the Mental Cutting Test (MCT), Purdue Spatial Visualization test of Rotations (PSVT:R), and Statics. While engaged in solving these problems, participants&#39; brain waves were measured with EEG allowing data to be collected regarding alpha and beta brain wave activation and use. The work looks to correlate functional performance on pure spatial tasks with spatially intensive engineering tasks to identify the pathways to successful performance in engineering and the resulting improvements in engineering education that may follow.

This manuscript describes an approach to measure neural activity of humans while solving spatially focused engineering problems. The electroencephalogram methodology helps interpret beta brain wave measurements in terms of neural efficiency, with the aim of ultimately enabling comparisons of task performance both between problem types and between participants.

利用脑电图测量任务特定神经效率的比较:空间智能任务

Spatial intelligence is often linked to success in engineering education and engineering professions. The use of electroencephalography enables ...

Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique that uses near-infrared light to monitor brain activity. Based on neurovascular coupling, fNIRS is able to measure the haemoglobin concentration changes secondary to neuronal activity. Compared to other neuroimaging techniques, fNIRS represents a good compromise in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, it is portable, lightweight, less sensitive to motion artifacts and does not impose significant physical restraints. It is therefore appropriate to monitor a wide range of cognitive tasks (e.g., auditory, gait analysis, social interaction) and different age populations (e.g., new-borns, adults, elderly people). The recent development of fiberless fNIRS devices has opened the way to new applications in neuroscience research. This represents a unique opportunity to study functional activity during real-world tests, which can be more sensitive and accurate in assessing cognitive function and dysfunction than lab-based tests. This study explored the use of fiberless fNIRS to monitor brain activity during a real-world prospective memory task. This protocol is performed outside the lab and brain haemoglobin concentration changes are continuously measured over the prefrontal cortex while the subject walks around in order to accomplish several different tasks.

Monitoring brain activity outside the lab without physical constraints presents methodological challenges. A fiberless, wearable functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) system was used to measure brain activity during an ecological prospective memory task. It was demonstrated that this system could be used to monitor brain activity during non-lab based experiments.

用无纤维，耐磨fNIRS监视在真实世界的认知任务脑活动

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique that uses near-infrared light to monitor brain activity. Based on neurovascular ...

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Concussions are occurring at alarming rates in the United States and have become a serious public health concern. The CDC estimates that 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions occur in sports and recreational activities annually. Concussion as defined by the 2013 Concussion Consensus Statement &#8220;may be caused either by a direct blow to the head, face, neck or elsewhere on the body with an &#8216;impulsive&#8217; force transmitted to the head.&#8221; Concussions leave the individual with both short- and long-term effects. The short-term effects of sport related concussions may include changes in playing ability, confusion, memory disturbance, the loss of consciousness, slowing of reaction time, loss of coordination, headaches, dizziness, vomiting, changes in sleep patterns and mood changes. These symptoms typically resolve in a matter of days. However, while some individuals recover from a single concussion rather quickly, many experience lingering effects that can last for weeks or months. The factors related to concussion susceptibility and the subsequent recovery times are not well known or understood at this time. Several factors have been suggested and they include the individual&#8217;s concussion history, the severity of the initial injury, history of migraines, history of learning disabilities, history of psychiatric comorbidities, and possibly, genetic factors. Many studies have individually investigated certain factors both the short-term and long-term effects of concussions, recovery time course, susceptibility and recovery. What has not been clearly established is an effective multifaceted approach to concussion evaluation that would yield valuable information related to the etiology, functional changes, and recovery. The purpose of this manuscript is to show one such multifaceted approached which examines concussions using computerized neurocognitive testing, event related potentials, somatosensory perceptual responses, balance assessment, gait assessment and genetic testing.

There is great variability in an individual&#8217;s risk for concussion and their corresponding recovery. A multifaceted approach to concussion evaluation is warranted; including baseline testing of athletes before participation in sport and timely evaluation post injury. The goal of this protocol is to provide an appropriate multifaceted approach to examine concussions.

一个神经科学方法脑震荡的学生运动员的考试

Concussions are occurring at alarming rates in the United States and have become a serious public health concern. The CDC estimates that 1.6 to 3.8 ...

医学

基于游戏的探索：解锁人类的空间导航能力

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Spatial navigation (SN) is the ability to locomote through the environment, which requires an understanding of where one is located in time and space. This capacity is known to rely on the sequential firing of place cells within the hippocampus. SN is an important behavior to investigate as this process deteriorates with age, especially in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the investigation of SN is limited by the lack of sophisticated behavioral techniques to assess this hippocampal-dependent task. Therefore, the goal of this protocol was to develop a novel, real-world approach to studying SN in humans. Specifically, an active virtual SN task was developed using a cross-platform game engine. During the encoding phase, participants navigated their way through a virtual city to locate landmarks. During the remembering phase, participants remembered where these reward locations were and delivered items to these locations. Time to find each location was captured and episodic memory was assessed by a free recall phase, including aspects of place, order, item, and association. Movement behavior (x, y, and z coordinates) was assessed through an asset available in the game engine. Importantly, results from this task demonstrate that it accurately captures both spatial learning and memory abilities as well as episodic memory. Further, findings indicate that this task is sensitive to exercise, which improves hippocampal functioning. Overall, the findings suggest a novel way to track human hippocampal functioning over the course of time, with this behavior being sensitive to physical activity training paradigms.

作者聚焦：研究身心运动练习对大脑功能的影响

Here, we present a novel, brief, and active spatial navigation task that assesses both spatial navigation and episodic memory ability. Importantly, spatial navigation and episodic memory were associated with one another, and this task demonstrated sensitivity to exercise.

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

Spatial navigation (SN) is the ability to locomote through the environment, which requires an understanding of where one is located in time and space. ...

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Vestibular disorders are among the most common syndromes in medicine. In recent years, new vestibular diagnostic systems have been introduced that allow the examination of all semicircular canals in the clinical setting. Assessment methods of the otolithic system, which is responsible for the perception of linear acceleration and perception of gravity, are far less in clinical use. There are several experimental approaches for measuring the perception of gravity. The most frequently used method is the determination of the subjective visual vertical. This is usually measured with the head in an upright position. We present here an assessment method for testing otolith function in the roll plane. The subjective visual vertical is measured in the head upright position as well as with head inclination of &#177; 15&#176; and &#177; 30&#176; in the roll plane. This extended functional paradigm is an easy-to-perform clinical test of otolith function and ensures increased information content for the detection of impaired graviceptive perception.

The perception of gravity is commonly determined by the subjective visual vertical in the head upright position. The additional assessment at head tilts of &#177; 15&#176; and &#177; 30&#176; in the roll plane ensures increased information content for the detection of impaired graviceptive perception.

使用主观视觉垂直范式对卷平面中的静态视觉感知的评估

Vestibular disorders are among the most common syndromes in medicine. In recent years, new vestibular diagnostic systems have been introduced that allow ...

大脑皮质功能和神经在更改重力条件下的性能之间的一致性

摘要

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此视频中的章节

同时头皮脑电图（EEG），肌电图（EMG）和全身分部惯性录制多模态神经解码

调节认知使用小脑经颅直流电刺激

视觉训练方法体育震荡缓解与管理

利用脑电图测量任务特定神经效率的比较:空间智能任务

用无纤维，耐磨fNIRS监视在真实世界的认知任务脑活动

一个神经科学方法脑震荡的学生运动员的考试

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

评估虚拟空间中的人类空间导航及其对运动的敏感性

使用主观视觉垂直范式对卷平面中的静态视觉感知的评估