这项工作是由R01 GM088156和T32 HL007713-18的支持。我们要感谢比尔彭涅和迈克尔·卡曼来自宾夕法尼亚州研究仪器中心的大学为他们在我们的组装翻正反射装置的帮助。

所有涉及此概括动物的程序已获宾夕法尼亚州的机构动物护理和使用委员会的大学。 1。该测试装置的概述<ol><li>该试验装置由24个透明的丙烯酸圆柱形腔室10厘米的长度和直径5厘米（2​​00毫升总体积）。这个尺寸适用于典型的25克成年小鼠。钱伯斯有端口每端的气体入口和出口。出口端是可移动的，这样的动物可以被很容易地装入腔室中。气口开口仔细密封带聚四氟乙烯生料带，而橡胶O型圈垫片用来密封的圆柱形腔的可拆卸的。 </li><li>每个室被安装在一个机架上，它位于内部的水浴中。齿条配合，使得腔室（下面进气口），仅下部被淹没。为稳定，该腔室的后端靠在支承，这样整个CHAMB呃坐镇水平。这将确保同浴的整个腔甚至接触。 </li><li>聚乙烯管材氧气罐连接到麻醉剂蒸发器，然后通过一个10升/分钟流量仪表。管子分成长度相等的25小直径的电阻，以确保相等的流量输送到各腔室24中和至代理分析器。 </li><li>真空管线退出每个腔室在气体入口的另一端。这促进了单向流动，消除呼出的二氧化碳的再呼吸。真空线结合在一个歧管连接到一个内部的吸入管路。沿主真空线的弹出式截止阀，确保每个腔室中的大气压力条件。 </li><li>浴填充有足够的水充分接触的每个腔室的底部。的水通过浴用泵循环，并保持在一恒定37℃。 </li></ol> 2。检查系统之前曝光<ol><li> Ç赫克说水浴的温度在整个浴37℃。 </li><li>氧气流的速度为5升/分（200毫升/每室+代理分析器分钟）。淹没每个腔室在水中，寻找气泡或水进入室内，这两者是指示泄漏。在开始实验前封住泄漏。 </li><li>对于每个腔室，连接在线路500毫升/分钟的流量计腔后，以确保流在每个25个气体管道的平衡。这确保了输入5升/分钟流量将被均匀地分布，使得每个室接收200毫升/分钟流动。没有收到预期的任何流室应该有它的流入和流出管道检查障碍物。 </li><li>校准试剂分析仪，以确保当100％的氧气流过0.00％的异氟醚的读数。 </li></ol> 3。注入温度转发<ol><li>前一星期习惯，麻醉每只小鼠用2％异氟醚。 </li><li>消毒用优碘背颈部。 </li><li>注射用无菌的，预包装注射器针头肩胛骨之间的温度下转发皮下注射。 </li><li>监视注射部位每日进行感染和应答器的迁移。 </li></ol> 4。习惯于对动物测试钱伯斯<ol><li>第一次评估前四天，将所有小鼠成2小时100％的氧气流单独的腔室。 </li><li>四个日前评估，避免因新的环境压力的影响因子重复步骤4.1日。 </li></ol> 5。进行药物干预是您希望测试效果上麻醉灵敏度<ol><li>这种干预可能是一个立体定位注射入脑24，静脉内或腹膜内注射25或递送药物至特定脑区域的一个特定的部分通过套管26。 </li><li>因为相对于一个天真的动物这些程序本身可能会改变麻醉剂的敏感性，适当的对照组应该接受同样的程序与车辆注射。 </li><li>确保药物干预行动有一个适当的时间长，如果你打算做一个逐步提高和/或降低测定灵敏度麻醉剂如步骤6所示，否则，请跳到步骤7。 </li></ol> 6。采用逐步EC 50测定感应和出苗评估麻醉灵敏度<ol><li>将每个动物成单独的腔室与100％的氧气流动。 </li><li>设置在异氟醚浓度为0.4％* 15分钟。在此期间的最后2分钟，轻轻滚动腔直到鼠标被放置在它的后面评估每个动物的翻正反射。该翻正反射被认为是完整的，当且仅当鼠标能够恢复所有它的爪子在2分钟内室的地板上。 <ol><li> *请注意，0.4％异氟醚是一种subhypnotic剂量C57BL/6J小鼠。如果任何小鼠失去其翻正反射在第一步骤中，初始剂量为过大，应减少后的日子。 </li></ol></li><li>记录翻正反射为每个鼠标的状态，并扫描每个小鼠为温度数据。模板记录如表1所示。 </li><li>增加的异氟烷浓度〜0.05％，持续15分钟，并重复步骤7.2。继续这样做，直到所有的动物已经失去了它们的翻正反射。 </li><li>可选：重复相同的步骤，以减少分步进行异氟醚的剂量，直到所有的动物都恢复了其翻正反射（见步骤6.3）。 </li><li>要结束实验，关闭异氟醚和冲洗整个系统与100％氧气15分钟。这将有助于防止缺氧的小鼠被送回他们的家笼前恢复，并会保护experimeNTER从任何麻醉风险。 </li><li>可选：如果动物或麻醉剂浓度的数的个数是由于资源或时间约束的限制，曲线拟合参数估计值，尤其是山的斜坡，可能有低估的，虚假的低误差估计。在这种情况下，可能有必要重复在上最多两个额外的实验日步骤6.1-6.6充分获得真实Hill斜率的参数和其相应的误差估计中描述的麻醉剂敏感性测定。 </li></ol> 7。评估麻醉灵敏度的短期变化与时间的出现<ol><li>将每个动物成单独的腔室与100％的氧气流动。 </li><li>设置在异氟醚浓度为1.2％，其对应于感应ED 99为野生型C57BL/6J小鼠20。保持30-60分钟取决于急性干预行动的预期持续时间。 </li><li>在确认翻正反射消失所有的动物轻轻滚动每个腔室，直到老鼠被放置在他们的后面。 </li><li>关闭异氟醚和流量100％的氧气。测量时间，直到每个动物恢复其翻正反射。这是由所有4爪放置在腔室的地板上定义并通过三个连续的测试，一个完整的翻正反射的存在证实。 </li></ol>

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Neurol. , (2013).</li><li>Solt, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methylphenidate+Actively+Induces+Emergence+from+General+Anesthesia.">Methylphenidate Actively Induces Emergence from General Anesthesia.</a> Anesthesiology. 115 (4), 791-803 (2011).</li></ol>

作者什么都没有透露。

虽然在一个单一的鼠标评估LORR的是一个看似简单的任务，但它仍然是必不可少的，以保持学科之间是相同的生理条件，以便收集从一组动物的可靠数据。这里提出的严格调控，高容量翻正反射消失设备提供了一种标准化的实验和最大限度地提高效率。按照体温调节和平等的流量分配的基本原则，这个系统可以很容易地重新创建和定制，以适应个人的实验者的需求。室尺寸可以按比例用于其它物种...

全身麻醉是由他们造成的各种各样的品种，但在解释如何毒品这样一个多样化的类都可以引出一个单一的端点仍然遥遥无期催眠的可逆状态的能力来定义。一些理论已经假定多年来，从麻醉效能和脂溶性的迈耶-奥弗顿的相关性，这表明一般膜破坏为基础进行催眠1,2。最近的证据表明，影响神经信号蛋白指标来麻醉作用作出贡献。小鼠已被证明是探索这些理论，因为小鼠和人的麻醉剂响应之间的同源性的一个不可缺少的模型。虽然鼠标不能询问其在全身麻醉下的主观意识，某些原始反射服务啮齿动物催眠作为有用的替代措施。在出生后的头几天，老鼠制定一个反身扶正RESPONSE，防止他们从被动地被放置在仰卧位3。麻醉的剂量在哪个鼠标失去其翻正反射以及相关人类催眠剂量4。 翻正反射（翻正反射消失）的损失评估，已经成为一种广泛使用的实验室标准在小鼠试验麻醉药的敏感性，以及其他多种物种，包括大鼠，豚鼠，兔，雪貂，羊，狗5-8。一个给定的麻醉剂在其翻正反射消失将发生一个物种的成员的剂量是非常一致的，但它可以显著由环境因素进行移位。例如，睡眠剥夺大鼠是易失性和静脉麻醉药9和大鼠高的有氧代谢能力更敏感是异氟醚10不太敏感。低温也已经显示减少的物种11-14的一个大范围所需的催眠许多麻醉药的剂量。为了可靠地识别麻醉剂的剂量在该LORR发生在一组实验动物，这是至关重要的评估环境被严格控制，以最大限度地减少应力，保持euthermia，并提供药物等量的所有受试者。这并不奇怪，遗传因素也被称为改变麻醉剂灵敏度15-18。因此，应认真考虑并给予控制的遗传背景19。 我们已经制定，以确保相同的麻醉气体输送到每个24小鼠的同时保持恒定37℃环境下的设备。我们的曝光室的透明圆柱形设计允许快速翻正反射消失评估和易于集成的遥测生理测量。此系统已被证明是准确测量的异氟醚，氟烷，七氟醚诱导EC 50和时间出现在野生型小鼠20。我们也使用这个系统观察小鼠的变化麻醉敏感性与基因突变和有针对性的下丘脑病变21-23。这里我们描述了两种方法，其中麻醉剂的敏感性可能以后使用我们的控制环境装置的药物干预进行评估。挥发性麻醉诱导和苏醒灵敏度稳态表型，需要8-10个小时，并因此最好专门针对研究中，实验条件不改变，如慢性或长效药物干预。然而，对于短效的治疗，其效果显著随时间消散，我们也提出了一个简单的程序，以评估下列立体定位，有针对性的显微注射或静脉注射药物治疗的显著影响麻醉中出现翻正反射的变化。这些测试代表一个小的子集的此受控环境系统中的潜在应用，这可以适用于任何数量的主旨的各种品种的学分收取任何类型的吸入治疗的。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="461">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">Name of the Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Catalogue Number</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:115px;">Oxygen</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Airgas</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">OX300</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Butler Schein</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Any volatile anesthetic of interest may be substituted</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">Name of Material</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Catalogue Number</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">Mass flow meter- 10 SLPM</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Omega Engineering</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">FMA-A2309</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">Mass flow meter- 500 SCCM</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Omega Engineering</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">FMA-A2305</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:115px;">Anesthetic agent analyzer/gas indicator</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">AM Bickford</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">FI-21 Riken</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">Heating water pump</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">13-874-175</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">Temperature transponders</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">BMDS</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">IPTT-300</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:115px;">RF temperature reader</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">BMDS</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">DAS-6007</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessing changes in volatile general anesthetic sensitivity of mice after local or systemic pharmacological intervention

全身麻醉的一个理想的端点是无意识的状态，也称为催眠。限定在动物催眠状态是较复杂的比它是在人类患者。在啮齿类动物中广泛使用的代孕行为对催眠是翻正反射（翻正反射消失），或在哪个动物不再响应自己与生俱来的本能，以避免背部斜卧的脆弱点的损失。我们已经开发了一个系统，在24只小鼠同时评估翻正反射消失，同时小心地控制潜在的困惑，包括温度波动和变化的气流。这些商会允许麻药敏感性可靠的评估，通过延迟测量以下一个固定的麻醉曝光返回翻正反射（RORR）的。可替代地，在麻醉浓度采用逐步增加（或减少）时，腔室还能够确定一个群体的灵敏度感应（或出现），作为由测量EC 50和希尔斜率。最后，这里所描述的控制的环境腔室可适于用于各种其他用途，包括吸入输送的其他药物，毒物学研究及生命体征的同时实时监控。

图1显示了逐步LORR测定用于确定药物干预的长期效果的工具。鹅膏蕈氨酸（IBA）是谷氨酸的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体是经常被用来作为兴奋性毒素引起永久性神经病变的激动剂。在这里，我们注入的10 NL 1％IBA的双边入C57BL/6J小鼠的腹外侧视前区（VLPO）前一周的测试。在这个核心的大多数神经元具有发射率低清醒时和在非快速眼动睡眠，快速眼动睡眠，并与接触催眠剂量的全身麻?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention at JoVE.com

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

翻正反射消失长期以来一直作为一个标准的代孕行为的无意识，也叫催眠，在实验室动物。改变中的挥发性麻醉剂的敏感性引起的药理学干预可以仔细控制的高通量的评估系统，该系统可适合用于递送任何吸入治疗进行检测。

局部或全身药物干预后评估的变化小鼠中挥发性全身麻醉药敏感性

One desirable endpoint of general anesthesia is  the state of unconsciousness, also known as hypnosis. Defining the hypnotic state in animals is  less ...

assessing-changes-volatile-general-anesthetic-sensitivity-mice-after

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Pharmacology

Medicine

Unit 1

Local Anesthetics

Drugs for Pain Management: Opioid Analgesics and General Anesthetics

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

13.5K 次观看.  Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. 翻正反射消失长期以来一直作为一个标准的代孕行为的无意识，也叫催眠，在实验室动物。改变中的挥发性麻醉剂的敏感性引起的药理学干预可以仔细控制的高通量的评估系统，该系统可适合用于递送任何吸入治疗进行检测。 

视频: Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, including mental retardation due to disordered and damaged brain development. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a term used to cover a continuum of birth defects that occur due to maternal alcohol consumption, and occurs in approximately 4% of children born in the United States. With 50% of child-bearing age women reporting consumption of alcohol, and half of all pregnancies being unplanned, unintentional exposure is a continuing issue2. In order to best understand the damage produced by ethanol, plus produce a model with which to test potential interventions, we developed a model of developmental ethanol exposure using the zebrafish embryo. Zebrafish are ideal for this kind of teratogen study3-8. Each pair lays hundreds of eggs, which can then be collected without harming the adult fish. The zebrafish embryo is transparent and can be readily imaged with any number of stains. Analysis of these embryos after exposure to ethanol at different doses and times of duration and application shows that the gross developmental defects produced by ethanol are consistent with the human birth defect. Described here are the basic techniques used to study and manipulate the zebrafish FAS model.

In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the ethanol-induced developmental damage, we have developed a zebrafish model of ethanol exposure and are exploring the physical, cellular, and genetic alterations that occur after ethanol exposure1. We then seek to find potential interventions and rapidly test them in this animal model.

在斑马鱼模型的胎儿酒精暴露评估致畸的变化

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, ...

科研

医学

Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice

The use of mouse models in experimental research is of enormous importance for the study of hepatic physiology and pathophysiological disturbances. However, due to the small size of the mouse, technical details of the intraoperative monitoring procedure suitable for the mouse were rarely described. Previously we have reported a monitoring procedure to obtain hemodynamic parameters for rats. Now, we adapted the procedure to acquire systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters in mice, a species ten-fold smaller than rats. This film demonstrates the instrumentation of the animals as well as the data acquisition process needed to assess systemic and hepatic hemodynamics in mice. Vital parameters, including body temperature, respiratory&#160;rate&#160;and heart&#160;rate were recorded throughout the whole procedure. Systemic hemodynamic parameters consist of carotid artery pressure (CAP) and central venous pressure (CVP). Hepatic perfusion parameters include portal vein pressure (PVP), portal flow rate as well as the flow rate of the common hepatic artery (table 1). Instrumentation and data acquisition to record the normal values was completed within 1.5 h. Systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters remained within normal ranges during this procedure.
This procedure is challenging but feasible. We have already applied this procedure to assess hepatic hemodynamics in normal mice as well as during 70% partial hepatectomy and in liver lobe clamping experiments. Mean PVP after resection (n= 20), was 11.41&#177;2.94 cmH2O which was significantly higher (P&#60;0.05) than before resection (6.87&#177;2.39 cmH2O). The results of liver lobe clamping experiment indicated that this monitoring procedure is sensitive and suitable for detecting small changes in portal pressure and portal flow rate. In conclusion, this procedure is reliable in the hands of an experienced micro-surgeon but should be limited to experiments where mice are absolutely needed.

This film demonstrates how to acquire systemic and hepatic hemodynamics in mice. The whole monitoring includes acquisition of vital parameters, systemic blood pressure, central venous pressure, common hepatic artery flow rate, and portal vein pressure as well as the portal flow rate in mice.

全身及肝脏血流动力学参数的监测小鼠

The use of mouse models in experimental research is of enormous importance for the study of hepatic physiology and pathophysiological disturbances. ...

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with diverse clinical and immunological manifestations. Several spontaneous and inducible animal models mirror common components of human disease, including the bm12 transfer model. Upon transfer of bm12 splenocytes or purified CD4 T cells, C57BL/6 mice rapidly develop large frequencies of T follicular helper cells (Tfh), germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells followed by high levels of circulating anti-nuclear antibodies. Since this model utilizes mice on a pure C57BL/6 background, researchers can quickly and easily study disease progression in transgenic or knockout mouse strains in a relatively short period of time. Here we describe protocols for the induction of the model and the quantitation Tfh, GC B cells, and plasma cells by multi-color flow cytometry. Importantly, these protocols can also be used to characterize disease in most mouse models of SLE and identify Tfh, GC B cells, and plasma cells in other disease models.

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice

The transfer of bm12 lymphocytes into a C57BL/6 recipient is an established model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Here we describe how to initiate disease using this model and how to characterize T follicular helper cells, germinal center B cells and plasma cells by flow cytometry.

系统性红斑狼疮的BM12诱导模型（SLE）的C57BL / 6小鼠

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with diverse clinical and immunological manifestations. Several spontaneous and inducible ...

Visualization of Vascular and Parenchymal Regeneration after 70% Partial Hepatectomy in Normal Mice

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the silicone compound, via a 26 G catheter, into the portal or hepatic vein. After silicone injection, organs were explanted and prepared for ex-vivo micro-CT (&#181;CT) scanning. The silicone injection procedure is technically challenging. Achieving a successful outcome requires extensive microsurgical experience from the surgeon. One of the challenges of this procedure involves determining the adequate perfusion rate for the silicone compound. The perfusion rate for the silicone compound needs to be defined based on the hemodynamic of the vascular system of interest. Inappropriate perfusion rate can lead to an incomplete perfusion, artificial dilation and rupturing of vascular trees.
The 3D reconstruction of the vascular system was based on CT scans and was achieved using preclinical software such as HepaVision. The quality of the reconstructed vascular tree was directly related to the quality of silicone perfusion. Subsequently computed vascular parameters indicative of vascular growth, such as total vascular volume, were calculated based on the vascular reconstructions. Contrasting the vascular tree with silicone allowed for subsequent histological work-up of the specimen after &#181;CT scanning. The specimen can be subjected to serial sectioning, histological analysis and whole slide scanning, and thereafter to 3D reconstruction of the vascular trees based on histological images. This is the prerequisite for the detection of molecular events and their distribution with respect to the vascular tree. This modified silicone injection procedure can also be used to visualize and reconstruct the vascular systems of other organs. This technique has the potential to be extensively applied to studies concerning vascular anatomy and growth in various animal and disease models.

Tools used for visualizing vascular regeneration require methods for contrasting the vascular trees. This film demonstrated a delicate injection technique used to achieve optimal contrasting of the vascular trees and illustrate the potential benefits resulting from a detailed analysis of the resulting specimen using &#181;CT and histological serial sections.

之后，正常小鼠70％部分肝切除血管和实质再生的可视化

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the ...

Intrasplenic Transplantation of Hepatocytes After Partial Hepatectomy in NOD.SCID Mice

Partial hepatectomy is a versatile and reproducible method to study liver regeneration and the effect of cell based therapeutics in various pathological conditions. Partial hepatectomy also facilitates the increased engraftment and proliferation of transplanted cells by accelerating neovascularization and cell migration towards the liver. Here, we describe a simple protocol for performing 30% hepatectomy and transplantation of cells in the spleen of a non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient NOD.SCID (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J) mouse. 
In this procedure, two small incisions are made. The first incision is to expose and resect the left lobe of the liver, and another small incision is made to expose the spleen for the intrasplenic transplantation of cells. This procedure does not require any specialized surgical skills, and it can be completed in 5-7 minutes with less stress and pain, faster recovery, and better survival. We have demonstrated the transplantation of hepatocytes isolated from a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing mouse (Transgenic C57BL/6-Tg (UBC-GFP) 30Scha/J), as well as hepatocyte like cells of human origin (NeoHep) in partially hepatectomized NOD.SCID mice.

We have described a protocol for performing partial hepatectomy (PHx) and cell transplantation via spleen in NOD.SCID (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J) mice. In this protocol, an incision is made to expose and resect the left lobe of the liver followed by another incision for the intrasplenic transplantation of cells.

肝细胞部分肝切除术后脾移植。小鼠

Partial hepatectomy is a versatile and reproducible method to study liver regeneration and the effect of cell based therapeutics in various pathological ...

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice

Partial hepatectomy has been widely used to investigate liver regeneration in mice, but the isolation of high yields of viable hepatocytes for downstream single-cell applications is challenging. A marked accumulation of lipids within regenerating hepatocytes is observed during the first 2 days of normal liver regeneration in mice. This so-called transient regeneration-associated steatosis (TRAS) is temporary but partially overlaps the major proliferative phase. Density-gradient purification is the backbone of most existing protocols for the isolation of primary hepatocytes. As gradient purification relies on the density and size of cells, it separates non-steatotic from steatotic hepatocyte populations. Therefore, fatty hepatocytes often are lost, yielding non-representative hepatocyte fractions. 
The presented protocol describes an easy and reliable method for the in vivo isolation of regenerating hepatocytes regardless of their lipid content. Hepatocytes from male C57BL/6 mice are isolated 24-48 h after hepatectomy by a classic two-step collagenase perfusion approach. A standard peristaltic pump drives the warmed solutions via the catheterized inferior vena cava into the remnant, using a retrograde perfusion technique with outflow through the portal vein. Hepatocytes are dissociated by collagenase for their release from the Glisson's capsule. After washing and careful centrifugation, the hepatocytes can be used for any downstream analyses. In conclusion, this paper describes a straightforward and reproducible technique for the isolation of a representative population of regenerating hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in mice. The method may also aid the study of fatty liver disease.

Lipid-laden hepatocytes are inherent to liver regeneration but are usually lost upon density-gradient centrifugation. Here, we present an optimized cell isolation protocol that retains steatotic hepatocytes, yielding representative populations of regenerating hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy in mice.

小鼠肝部分切除术后再生肝细胞的分离

Partial hepatectomy has been widely used to investigate liver regeneration in mice, but the isolation of high yields of viable hepatocytes for downstream ...

红景天苷抑制 MCF-7 细胞迁移和增殖的机制

Exploring the Pharmacological Action and Molecular Mechanism of Salidroside in Inhibiting MCF-7 Cell Proliferation and Migration

Salidroside (Sal) contains anti-carcinogenic, anti-hypoxic, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities. However, its underlying anti-breast cancer mechanisms have been only incompletely elucidated. Hence, this protocol intended to decode the potential of Sal in regulating the PI3K-AKT-HIF-1&#945;-FoxO1 pathway in the malignant proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. First, the pharmacological activity of Sal against MCF-7 was evaluated by CCK-8 and cell scratch assays. Moreover, the resistance of MCF-7 cells was measured by migration and Matrigel invasion assays. For cell apoptosis and cycle assays, MCF-7 cells were processed in steps with annexin V-FITC/PI and cell cycle-staining detection kits for flow cytometry analyses, respectively. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ were examined by DCFH-DA and Fluo-4 AM immunofluorescence staining. The activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were determined using the corresponding commercial kits. The protein and gene expression levels in apoptosis and the PI3K-AKT-HIF-1&#945;-FoxO1 pathway were further determined using western blot and qRT-PCR analyses, respectively. We found that Sal treatment significantly restricted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells with dose-dependent effects. Meanwhile, Sal administration also dramatically forced MCF-7 cells to undergo apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The immunofluorescence tests showed that Sal observably stimulated ROS and Ca2+ production in MCF-7 cells. Further data confirmed that Sal promoted the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, Bim, cleaved caspase-9/7/3, and their corresponding genes. Consistently, Sal intervention prominently reduced the expression of the Bcl-2, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, mTOR, HIF-1&#945;, and FoxO1 proteins and their corresponding genes. In conclusion, Sal can be used as a potential herb-derived compound for treating breast cancer, as it may reduce the malignant proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-HIF-1&#945;-FoxO1 pathway.

作者聚焦：探索红景天苷在乳腺癌治疗中的分子机制 

The present protocol describesa comprehensive strategy for evaluating the pharmacological action and mechanism of salidroside in inhibiting MCF-7 cell proliferation and migration.

探究红景天苷抑制MCF-7细胞增殖和迁移的药理作用及分子机制

Salidroside (Sal) contains anti-carcinogenic, anti-hypoxic, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities. However, its underlying anti-breast cancer ...

为类风湿性关节炎患者制定锻炼计划

Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease that can result in complications such as rheumatoid cachexia. While physical exercise has shown benefits for RA patients, its impact on hydration and body cell mass remains uncertain. The presence of pain, inflammation, and joint changes often restrict activity and make traditional body composition assessments unreliable due to altered hydration levels. Bioelectrical impedance is a commonly used method for estimating body composition, but it has limitations since it was primarily developed for the general population and does not consider changes in body composition. On the other hand, bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis (BIVA) offers a more comprehensive approach. BIVA involves graphically interpreting resistance (R) and reactance (Xc), adjusted for height, to provide valuable information about hydration status and the integrity of the cell mass.
Twelve women with RA were included in this study. At the beginning of the study, hydration and body cell mass measurements were obtained using the BIVA method. Subsequently, the patients participated in a six-month dynamic exercise program encompassing cardiovascular capacity, strength, and coordination training. To evaluate changes in hydration and body cell mass, the differences in the R and Xc parameters, adjusted for height, were compared using BIVA confidence software. The results showed notable changes: resistance decreased after the exercise program, while reactance increased. BIVA, as a classification method, can effectively categorize patients into dehydration, overhydration, normal, athlete, thin, cachectic, and obese categories. This makes it a valuable tool for assessing RA patients, as it provides information independent of body weight or prediction equations. Overall, the implementation of BIVA in this study shed light on the effects of the exercise program on hydration and body cell mass in RA patients. Its advantages lie in its ability to provide comprehensive information and overcome the limitations of traditional body composition assessment methods.

作者聚焦：实施 BIVA 分析低体细胞质量患者的疾病风险因素 

This protocol assesses alterations in hydration and body cell mass status using bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis following a dynamic exercise program designed for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The dynamic exercise program itself is detailed, highlighting its components focused on cardiovascular capacity, strength, and coordination. The protocol details steps, instruments, and limitations.

类风湿性关节炎患者运动计划后通过生物电阻抗分析评估水合作用和体细胞质量的变化

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease that can result in complications such as rheumatoid cachexia. While physical exercise has shown ...