Name: monitoring of systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters in mice
Uploaded: 2014-10-04T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 16 min 9 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice at JoVE.com

这项研究是由德国联邦Ministery教育与研究部（BMBF）资助的"虚拟肝络"的支持。我要感谢弗兰克·舒伯特和刘若英贡佩尔特从耶拿大学医院为他们生产的视频和创建动画和伊莎贝尔JANK录制音频帮助媒体中心。

住房和进行的所有程序均按照德国动物福利立法。 1，传感器校准（按照制造商的说明进行传感器校准） 1.1）米勒导管校准。预浸泡在导管的尖端在无菌水或盐水的前30分钟，以平衡（归零）和校准。 <ol><li>在米勒传感器连接到桥式放大器的millar1通道，插入米勒传感器尖端插入水柱。 </li><li>设置水柱值:0水柱2 O在数据分析软件窗口中，选择桥放大和零吧。基线值0 水柱可以设置。 </li><li>设置水柱值到20水柱2 O运行数据分析软件窗口的进展，并停止。选择在桥的窗口"单位"放大，2 O相应地设置为0和20水柱基线。调整"单元"，以水柱&lt;子&gt; 2 O。 </li><li>校准millar2用于测量CAP中相同的方式（设置两个基准线90和110 水柱 ）。 </li></ol> 1.2），血流量探头校准<ol><li>将探头置于去离子水。连接探头与跨音速流动探头系统。 </li><li>在数据分析软件窗口中，选择输入放大到零流量探头。调整单元。 </li><li>按下按钮"测试信道"来收集信号:如果信号具有3-4条，这意味着该信号是好的。如果一个好的信号获取，程序可以继续。 </li><li>按下按钮，以"零通道"和规模频道看到的值是否已经校准与否。 </li><li>按下按钮"测量通道"后测量。 </li></ol> 2，准备好鼠标的手术过程<ol><li>鼠标放置在一个感应室和麻醉小鼠，用2％异氟醚和0.3ml /分钟的氧气。该操作可以在鼠标的脚趾捏撤回反射不存在下进行。 </li><li>剃手术区域，其包括左颈部和腹部的毛。 </li><li>把鼠标放在手术台上，并用胶带固定。使用对眼睛的兽医药膏，以防在操作期间干燥。 </li><li>将脖子下纱布垫在脖子上的操作领域的最佳曝光。 </li><li>消毒操作领域，并把消毒纱布覆盖鼠标只留下手术视野打开。 </li></ol> 3，重要参数的测量<ol><li>将心针进入皮下小鼠的爪子。 </li><li>将呼吸传感器下的小鼠的背部。 </li><li>将温度探头插入鼠标的直肠。 </li><li>记录温度，心电图和鼠标在数据分析软件的呼吸频率。 </li></ol> 4，颈部操作局长ystemic心血管监测 4.1）血管夹层<ol><li>确定中线颈，中间点锁骨，下颌骨的角度。 </li><li>使从下颌到锁骨的中间点是0.5厘米到中线的左边的角2cm的纵向切口。 </li><li>解剖颌下腺，翻过来，并用生理盐水浸泡的纱布覆盖。 </li><li>找出颈内静脉，解剖它，把静脉结扎后并固定在三个6-0丝线缝合。 </li><li>确定胸锁乳突肌，它从二腹肌肩胛舌骨和后腹优越的​​肚子分开，并用拉钩容易暴露颈动脉的拉动。 </li><li>解剖颈动脉，将动脉购买结扎并固定在三个6-0丝缝合线。 </li></ol> 4.2）颈动脉的血流量测量<ol><li>将跨音速探头颈动脉周围，保持它的稳定，并使用超声波凝胶或盐水优化接触。 </li><li>颈动脉作为使用数据分析软件的跨音速设备的小屏幕上显示记录的血流速度</li><li>在完成测量后拆除探头</li></ol> 4.3）颈动脉压测量（CAP） <ol><li>结扎颈总动脉的远端和夹持其近端。 </li><li>将颈动脉周围2个固定缝合。用10-0的聚丙烯为入住的缝线。 </li><li>使在容器的前壁的小切口。 </li><li>将米勒导管，并修复它与预置缝线。 </li><li>记录在数据分析软件瓶盖。 </li></ol> 4.4）颈静脉血流测定<ol><li>解除颈静脉并放置跨音速气流探测器来测量流速。 </li><li>记录流率数据分析软件。 </li></ol> 4.5）中心静脉压测定（CVP） <ol><li>夹住颈静脉的近端和结扎的远端。 </li><li>切使用microscissors在容器的前壁的小切口。 </li><li>插入的填充流体的导管，并与预先放置缝合线固定。 </li><li>记录在数据分析软件的CVP。 </li></ol> 5，腹部手术的收购肝血流动力学的影响 5.1）船只识别<ol><li>使上腹部横切口。 </li><li> Eventerate肠内到左侧，并盖上湿纱布。 </li><li>辨认下腔静脉，门静脉，肝总动脉和肝固有动脉。 </li><li>整个监视过程中减少一些温生理盐水，在腹部和肠子每5分钟的表面上。 </li></ol>门脉血流5.2）测量<ol><li>解剖门静脉。 </li><li>放置在门静脉6-0丝线将所述流量探针时，以方便容器的升降。 </li><li>把跨音速气流探测器周围的门静脉，并测量其血流量。 </li><li>记录门静脉的血流量。 </li></ol>常见的肝动脉血流5.3）测量<ol><li>小心翼翼的解剖肝总动脉。 </li><li>放置在容器中围绕一个6-0丝线缝合，以方便容器的升降。 </li><li>放置在动脉周围的气流探测器。 </li><li>测量其血流量和获取数据。 </li></ol>门静脉压力5.4）测量（PVP） <ol><li>选择肠系膜静脉一些偏科，这水渠直接进入门静脉的一个分支。 </li><li>结扎所选肠系膜静脉的远端。确保结扎是接近肠道管。结扎的小分支</li><li>将2 Fixing使用静脉周围6-0普理灵缝线。这个过程的关键是避免结扎静脉时，触摸肠系膜动脉。 </li><li>夹住门静脉的近端。 </li><li>将用10-0的聚丙烯2逗留缝合。会出现一些出血，因为留缝线应穿过细肠系膜静脉的血管壁。 </li><li>就用microscissor倾斜成45度角的静脉小切口。 </li><li>将通过肠系膜静脉导管米拉尔进入门静脉和修复</li><li>记录门静脉压力。在该过程结束时，通过放血牺牲小鼠麻醉下。 </li></ol>

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作者宣称，他们没有竞争的经济利益。

肝脏血流动力学监测是一项重要的研究工具，在肝病和肝胆外科。收购肝血流动力学数据有助于表征循环系统肝胆程序的影响。还需要采集的肝血流动力学数据，研究了影响门脉压力和流量的门户， 如药物的疗效，需要在研究评估血管活性药物。 尽管小尺寸的重要参数，系统性和肝血流动力学可以在小鼠中进行监测。分别在协议中的关键步骤如下:首先，以放置在一个...

这部影片的总体目标是要证明一个实时监控程序，用于获取系统和肝脏血流动力学参数。开发这个程序的基本原理是在需要获得系统和肝脏血流动力学参数老鼠实验干预其巨大的价值。该过程可以应用于幼稚动物和期间或之后给定的肝胆实验外科干预，如肝部分切除，门静脉结扎和肝脏移植。 收购肝血流动力学数据，啮齿动物，需要提出的侵入性手术。肝脏灌注不能获得非侵入性。不过，也有收购全身血压的替代品。如尾袖套法8监测技术已被用于获取在大鼠和小鼠的血压。尾袖套法可以在有良知施加项动物。当测量血压时，动物需要被放置并固定在一个特定的不舒服的位置。在尾套设备的说明书，厂商指出，老鼠可能会变得紧张，并强调这可能削弱流通的尾巴。该种情况下，在尾巴获得的外周血压力可以比中央的血压低得多。 使用一系列传感器进行数据采集的集成多通道监测器进行全程监控程序。通过将导管插入后，在显微镜下仔细显微解剖和曝光的各容器中得到的血压。流速通过将跨音速流动探头每个容器周围测定。 我们已经报道了类似的术中监测程序导致了全面的一系列生理血流动力学数据堪比SINGL的老鼠来自其他团体7日报道E数据。因此，我们认为这个过程代表了良好的基础，使之适应鼠标，一个物种的10倍，比老鼠更小。在关键的区别与大鼠程序是利用Millar的导管，用于获取血压数据，而不是基于流体的导管系统。流动数据也获得了跨声速流动探头，只是很多小的比相应的大鼠血管。 由于动物的体积小，小鼠仪器在技术上是有挑战性的，但可行的。一旦仪器完成时，数据采集与主寿命数据分析是简单的，因为可以使用预定义的设置文件。设置文件，必须在一系列的实验中，开始一次定义，并且可以被存储并用于所有后续实验。 到现在为止，我们应用这个程序，以评估急性肝的实验血流动力学的影响。我们测得的CAP和PVP之前和紧接之后的70％部分肝切除（PH）和在夹紧/去夹紧的实验。我们夹在右叶表示质量接着位数的简短（5分钟）的夹紧和左外叶肝较完全的90％肝脏质量的20％的肝十二指肠韧带。去夹紧开始释放，从肝右叶后释放的中位数和左外叶夹。最大合模时间低于10分钟。

<table><tbody><tr><td>PowerLab 16/30&amp;nbsp;</td><td>ADInstruments</td><td>PL3516</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Quad Bridge Amp</td><td>ADInstruments</td><td>FE224</td><td>Bridge amplifier&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Animal Bio Amp</td><td>ADInstruments</td><td>FE136</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Needle Electrodes for FE136 (3 pk)</td><td>ADInstruments</td><td>MLA1213</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perivascular Flowmeter Module</td><td>Transonic</td><td>TS420</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flowprobe MA0.5PSB/MA1PSB</td><td>Transonic</td><td>MA0.5PSB/MA1PSB</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SPR-1000 Mouse Pressure Catheter</td><td>Millar instruments</td><td>841-0001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>fluid filled catheter&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Terumo</td><td>SR+DU2619PX</td><td>26G, 0.64&amp;times;19mm</td></tr><tr><td>micro scissors</td><td>F&amp;middot;S&amp;middot;L</td><td>No. 14058-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>micro serrefine</td><td>F&amp;middot;S&amp;middot;L</td><td>No.18055-05</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro clamps applicator</td><td>F&amp;middot;S&amp;middot;L</td><td>No. 18057-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Straight micro forceps</td><td>F&amp;middot;S&amp;middot;L</td><td>No. 00632-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curved micro forceps</td><td>F&amp;middot;S&amp;middot;L</td><td>No. 00649-11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>needle-holder</td><td>F&amp;middot;S&amp;middot;L</td><td>No. 12061-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-0 silk</td><td>ethicon</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-0 prolene</td><td>ethicon</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7-0 prolene</td><td>ethicon</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10-0 prolene</td><td>ethicon</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tail cut-off device&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Kent Scientific</td><td></td><td>www.kentscientific.com</td></tr><tr><td>LabChart7</td><td>ADInstruments</td><td></td><td>data&amp;nbsp; analysis software&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

monitoring of systemic and hepatic hemodynamic parameters in mice

在实验研究中使用的小鼠模型是对肝脏的生理和病理障碍的研究有着重要意义。然而，由于鼠标的体积小，适合于鼠标术监测过程的技术细节很少说明。此前我们已经报道了监控程序，以获取血流动力学参数的影响。现在，我们适应的程序来获取小鼠全身及肝脏血流动力学参数，一个物种的10倍，比老鼠更小。该薄膜显示出动物的仪表以及评估在小鼠中的全身和肝血流动力学所需要的数据采集过程。重要的参数，包括体温，呼吸率和心脏速率，记录整个过程。全身血流动力学参数，包括颈动脉压（CAP）和中心静脉压（CVP）的。肝脏灌注参数包括门户vEIN压力（PVP），门脉流量以及肝总动脉（表1）的流量。仪器仪表和数据采集，记录的正常值是在1.5小时内完成。在此过程中的全身和肝血流动力学参数保持在正常范围内。 这个过程是具有挑战性的，但可行的。我们已经应用这个程序，以评估在正常小鼠以及在70％部分肝切除和肝瓣合模实验肝脏血流动力学。意思是PVP切除后（N = 20），为11.41±2.94 水柱这是显著高于对照组（P &lt;0.05）切除术（6.87±2.39 水柱 ）之前。肝叶夹紧实验的结果表明，该监视过程是敏感的，并适合于检测在入口压力和入口流速的微小变化。总之，这个过程是可靠的一个有经验的微型外科医生的手，但应限制为experiments地方是绝对需要的小鼠。

小鼠的重要参数，例如呼吸速率和心脏速率明显高于对大鼠高得多。平均全身血压和颈静脉压力类似于鼠值甚至类似于人的数据。 肝脏血流动力学的数据有明显的不同。我们从8只获得正常的值。在正常小鼠门脉血流之间的1.6〜2.3毫升/分钟之间。流入肝总动脉介于0.10至0.35毫升/分钟。在正常动物门静脉压力在大范围从4.4到11.2 水柱与8.09±2.47的平均值水柱 （表1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice at JoVE.com

Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice

这部影片展示了如何获取小鼠全身及肝脏血流动力学。整个监视包括采集的重要参数，全身血压，中心静脉压，肝总动脉流量，和门静脉压，以及门户网站流量小鼠。

全身及肝脏血流动力学参数的监测小鼠

The use of mouse models in experimental research is of enormous importance for the study of hepatic physiology and pathophysiological disturbances. ...

monitoring-of-systemic-and-hepatic-hemodynamic-parameters-in-mice

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

16.0K 次观看.  Jena University Hospital. 这部影片展示了如何获取小鼠全身及肝脏血流动力学。整个监视包括采集的重要参数，全身血压，中心静脉压，肝总动脉流量，和门静脉压，以及门户网站流量小鼠。 

视频: Monitoring of Systemic and Hepatic Hemodynamic Parameters in Mice

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene expression. Transgenic and gene targeting methods can be used to generate mice with altered cardiac size and function,1-3 and as a result, in vivo techniques are needed to evaluate their cardiac phenotype. Transthoracic echocardiography, pulse wave Doppler (PWD), and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can be used to provide dimensional measurements of the mouse heart and to quantify the degree of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance. Two-dimensional imaging is used to detect abnormal anatomy or movements of the left ventricle, whereas M-mode echo is used for quantification of cardiac dimensions and contractility.4,5 In addition, PWD is used to quantify localized velocity of turbulent flow,6 whereas TDI is used to measure the velocity of myocardial motion.7 Thus, transthoracic echocardiography offers a comprehensive method for the noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in mice.

Transthoracic echocardiography offers a noninvasive method for the evaluation of cardiac function in mice. A combination of ultrasound and Doppler imaging modalities can be used to obtain dimensional measurements of the heart and intracardiac blood flow, which together provide an assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance.

经胸超声心动图在小鼠

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

科研

医学

Long Term Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Imaging of Immune Cells in Healthy and Diseased Liver Using CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mice

Liver inflammation as a response to injury is a highly dynamic process involving the infiltration of distinct subtypes of leukocytes including monocytes, neutrophils, T cell subsets, B cells, natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. Intravital microscopy of the liver for monitoring immune cell migration is particularly challenging due to the high requirements regarding sample preparation and fixation, optical resolution and long-term animal survival. Yet, the dynamics of inflammatory processes as well as cellular interaction studies could provide critical information to better understand the initiation, progression and regression of inflammatory liver disease. Therefore, a highly sensitive and reliable method was established to study migration and cell-cell-interactions of different immune cells in mouse liver over long periods (about 6 hr) by intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) in combination with intensive care monitoring.
The method provided includes a gentle preparation and stable fixation of the liver with minimal perturbation of the organ; long term intravital imaging using multicolor multiphoton microscopy with virtually no photobleaching or phototoxic effects over a time period of up to 6 hr, allowing tracking of specific leukocyte subsets; and stable imaging conditions due to extensive monitoring of mouse vital parameters and stabilization of circulation, temperature and gas exchange.
To investigate lymphocyte migration upon liver inflammation CXCR6.gfp knock-in mice were subjected to intravital liver imaging under baseline conditions and after acute and chronic liver damage induced by intraperitoneal injection(s) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
CXCR6 is a chemokine receptor expressed on lymphocytes, mainly on Natural Killer T (NKT)-, Natural Killer (NK)- and subsets of T lymphocytes such as CD4 T cells but also mucosal associated invariant (MAIT) T cells1. Following the migratory pattern and positioning of CXCR6.gfp+ immune cells allowed a detailed insight into their altered behavior upon liver injury and therefore their potential involvement in disease progression.

Stable intravital high-resolution imaging of immune cells in the liver is challenging. Here we provide a highly sensitive and reliable method to study migration and cell-cell-interactions of immune cells in mouse liver over long periods (about 6 hours) by intravital multiphoton laser scanning microscopy in combination with intensive care monitoring.

免疫细胞健康和疾病肝脏使用CXCR6.Gfp记者小鼠长期活体多光子显微镜成像

Liver inflammation as a response to injury is a highly dynamic process involving the infiltration of distinct subtypes of leukocytes including monocytes, ...

免疫与感染

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. Indeed, research focusing on the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets using genetically altered mice requires a reliable, long-term assessment of the systemic arterial pressure variation. Currently, the gold standard for obtaining long-term measurements of blood pressure in ambulatory mice uses implantable radio-transmitters, which require&#160;artery cannulation. This technique eliminates the need for tethering, restraining, or anesthetizing the animals which introduce stress and artifacts during data sampling. However, arterial blood pressure monitoring in mice via catheterization can be rather challenging due to the small size of the arteries. Here we present a step-by-step guide to illustrate the crucial key passages for a successful subcutaneous implantation of radio-transmitters and carotid artery cannulation in mice. We also include examples of long-term blood pressure activity taken from freely moving mice after a period of post-surgery recovery. Following this procedure will allow reliable direct blood pressure recordings from multiple animals simultaneously.

The goal of this protocol is to assess systemic blood pressure in conscious freely moving mice using implantable radio-telemetry devices.

自由活动小鼠使用遥测长期血压测量

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

Novel Approach for Simultaneous Recording of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure with Intravenous Infusion in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice.

Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) is of great interest in many areas of research such as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes and obesity. Unequivocal assessment of the role of the sympathetic nervous system is thus imperative for proper interpretation of experimental results and understanding of disease processes. RSNA has been traditionally measured in anesthetized rodents, including mice. However, mice usually exhibit very low systemic blood pressure and hemodynamic instability for several hours during anesthesia and surgery. Meaningful interpretation of RSNA is confounded by this non-physiological state, given the intimate relationship between sympathetic nervous tone and cardiovascular status. To address this limitation of traditional approaches, we developed a new method for measuring RSNA in conscious, freely-moving mice. Mice were chronically instrumented with radio-telemeters for continuous monitoring of blood pressure as well as a jugular venous infusion catheter and custom-designed bipolar electrode for direct recording of RSNA. Following a 48-72 hour recovery period, survival rate was 100% and all mice behaved normally. At this time-point, RSNA was successfully recorded in 80% of mice, with viable signals acquired up to 4 and 5 days post-surgery in 70% and 50% of mice, respectively. Physiological blood pressures were recorded in all mice (116&plusmn;2 mmHg; n=10). Recorded RSNA increased with eating and grooming, as well-established in the literature. Furthermore, RSNA was validated by ganglionic blockade and modulation of blood pressure with pharmacological agents. Herein, an effective and manageable method for clear recording of RSNA in conscious, freely-moving mice is described.

Anesthetized mice exhibit non-physiological systemic blood pressure, which precludes meaningful assessment of autonomic tone given the intimate relationship between blood pressure and the autonomic nervous system. Thus, a novel method to simultaneously record renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure with intravenous infusion in conscious mice is outlined.

清醒、无拘无束的小鼠静脉输液同时记录肾交感神经活动和血压的新方法。

Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity ...

Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock Modeled via Liver Laceration in Mice with Real Time Hemodynamic Monitoring

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable deaths among trauma patients. We have developed a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage via a liver laceration that results in consistent blood loss, hemodynamic alterations, and survival.
Mice undergo a standardized resection of the left-middle lobe of the liver. They are allowed to bleed without mechanical intervention. Hemostatic agents can be administered as pre-treatment or rescue therapy depending on the interest of the investigator. During the time of hemorrhage, real-time hemodynamic monitoring via a left femoral arterial line is performed. Mice are then sacrificed, blood loss is quantified, blood is collected for further analysis, and organs are harvested for analysis of injury. Experimental design is described to allow for simultaneous testing of multiple animals.
Liver hemorrhage as a model of uncontrolled hemorrhage exists in the literature, primarily in rat and porcine models. Some of these models utilize hemodynamic monitoring or quantify blood loss but lack consistency. The present model incorporates quantification of blood loss, real-time hemodynamic monitoring in a murine model that offers the advantage of using transgenic lines and a high-throughput mechanism to further investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms in uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Uncontrolled hemorrhage, an important cause of mortality among trauma patients, can be modeled using a standard liver laceration in a murine model. This model results in consistent blood loss, survival, and allows for testing hemostatic agents. This article provides the step-by-step process to perform this valuable model.

通过实时血液动力学监测在小鼠中通过肝脏浸润建立的不受控制的出血性休克

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable deaths among trauma patients. We have developed a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhage via ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats

This is a detailed protocol describing invasive hemodynamic measurements in cirrhotic rats for the characterization of portal hypertensive syndrome. Portal hypertension (PHT) due to cirrhosis is responsible for the most severe complications in patients with liver disease. The full picture of the portal hypertensive syndrome is characterized by increased portal pressure (PP) due to the increased intrahepatic vascular resistance (IHVR), hyperdynamic circulation, and increased splanchnic blood flow. Progressive splanchnic arterial vasodilation and increased cardiac output with elevated heart rate (HR) but low arterial pressure characterizes the portal hypertensive syndrome.
Novel therapies are currently being developed that aim to decrease PP by either targeting IHVR or increased splanchnic blood flow &#8212; but side effects on systemic hemodynamics may occur. Thus, a detailed characterization of portal venous, splanchnic, and systemic hemodynamic parameters, including measurement of PP, portal venous blood flow (PVBF), mesenteric arterial blood flow, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and HR is needed for preclinical evaluation of the efficacy of novel treatments for PHT. Our video article provides the reader with a structured protocol for performing invasive hemodynamic measurements in cirrhotic rats. In particular, we describe the catheterization of the femoral artery and the portal vein via an ileocolic vein and the measurement of portal venous and splanchnic blood flow via perivascular Doppler-ultrasound flow probes. Representative results of different rat models of PHT are shown.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for invasive measurements of hemodynamic parameters including portal pressure, splanchnic blood flow, and systemic hemodynamics in order to characterize the portal hypertensive syndrome in rats.

肝硬化大鼠门脉高压综合征的侵袭性血流动力学特征

This is a detailed protocol describing invasive hemodynamic measurements in cirrhotic rats for the characterization of portal hypertensive syndrome. ...

Echocardiographic Measurement of Right Ventricular Diastolic Parameters in Mouse

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV diastolic function is rarely quantified in experimental studies. This might be due to technical difficulties in the visualization of the RV in the apical four-chamber view in rodents. Here we describe two positions facilitating the visualization of the apical four-chamber view in mice to assess the RV diastolic function.
The apical four-chamber view is enabled by tilting the mouse fixation platform to the left and caudally (LeCa) or to the right and cranially (RiCr). Both positions provide images of comparable quality. The results of the RV diastolic function obtained from two positions are not significantly different. Both positions are comparably easy to perform. This protocol can be incorporated into published protocols and enables detailed investigations of the RV function.

Here we describe and compare two positions for obtaining the apical four-chamber view in mice. These positions enable the quantification of the right ventricular function, provide comparable results, and can be used interchangeably.

小鼠右心室舒张参数的超声心电图测量

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. However, the evaluation of right ventricular pressure (RVP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) remains technically challenging in mice. RVP and PAP are more difficult to measure than left ventricular pressure because of the anatomical differences between the left and right heart systems. In this paper, we describe a stable right heart hemodynamic measurement method and its validation using healthy and PAH mice. This method is based on open-chest surgery and mechanical ventilation support. It is a complicated procedure compared to closed chest procedures. While a well-trained surgeon is required for this surgery, the advantage of this procedure is that it can generate both RVP and PAP parameters at the same time, so it is a preferable procedure for the evaluation of PAH models.

Here, we present a protocol to perform an invasive hemodynamic assessment of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in mice using an open-chest surgery approach.

小鼠右心室系统及缺氧诱发肺动脉高血压的侵入性血液动力学评估

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...

DREADDs 技术和自动血液采样

Remote Neuronal Activation Coupled with Automated Blood Sampling to Induce and Measure Circulating Luteinizing Hormone in Mice

Circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) levels are an essential index of the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary control of reproduction. The role of numerous inputs and neuronal populations in the modulation of LH release is still unknown. Measuring changes in LH levels in mice is often a challenge since they are easily disrupted by environmental stress. Current techniques to measure LH release and pulsatility require long-term training for mice to adapt to manipulation stress, certain restraint, the presence of the investigator, and working on individual animals, reducing its usefulness for many research questions.
This paper presents a technique to remotely activate specific neuronal populations using Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) technology coupled with automated sequential blood sampling in conscious, freely moving, and undisturbed mice. We first describe the stereotaxic surgery protocol to deliver adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing DREADDs to specific neuronal populations. Next, we describe the protocol for carotid artery and jugular vein cannulation and postsurgical connection to the CULEX automated blood sampling system. Finally, we describe the protocol for clozapine-N-oxide intravenous injection for remote neuronal activation and automated blood collection. This technique allows for programmed automated sampling every 5 min or longer for a given period, coupled with intravenous substance injection at a desired time point or duration. Overall, we found this technique to be a powerful approach for research on neuroendocrine control.

作者聚焦:自动输注和血液采样对清醒小鼠进行精确的激素分析

Luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatility is a hallmark of reproductive function. We describe a protocol for remote activation of specific neuronal populations linked to serial automated blood collection. This technique allows timed hormonal modulation, multiplexing, and minimizing manipulation effects on LH levels in conscious freely moving, and undisturbed animals.

远程神经元激活与自动血液采样相结合，以诱导和测量小鼠体内循环黄体生成素

Circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) levels are an essential index of the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary control of reproduction. The role of ...

全身及肝脏血流动力学参数的监测小鼠

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此视频中的章节

经胸超声心动图在小鼠

免疫细胞健康和疾病肝脏使用CXCR6.Gfp记者小鼠长期活体多光子显微镜成像

自由活动小鼠使用遥测长期血压测量

清醒、无拘无束的小鼠静脉输液同时记录肾交感神经活动和血压的新方法。

通过实时血液动力学监测在小鼠中通过肝脏浸润建立的不受控制的出血性休克

肝硬化大鼠门脉高压综合征的侵袭性血流动力学特征

小鼠右心室舒张参数的超声心电图测量

小鼠右心室系统及缺氧诱发肺动脉高血压的侵入性血液动力学评估

远程神经元激活与自动血液采样相结合，以诱导和测量小鼠体内循环黄体生成素

远程神经元激活与自动血液采样相结合，以诱导和测量小鼠体内循环黄体生成素