这项工作是通过TL1TR001069奖Borstad博士俄勒冈州立大学的CCTS计划的部分资助。我们要感谢阿梅利亚·西莱斯，百白破，NCS为她宝贵的测量见解和萨拉·亚历山大为她与编辑这篇稿子的最后草案援助。

1.设计和视觉画面和急速的制造（请参阅"表材料"的所有必需的设备和材料）: <ol><li>组装的视觉屏幕（ 图1）: <ol><li>切成四片0.5英寸的PVC管（材料a）至10英寸（这些形成屏幕的碱）。切成三块0.5英寸PVC管到20英寸（这些形成屏幕的直立部）。 </li><li>将两块10英寸的管道到两个PVC T恤的（并行口）（材料B）。插入两块20英寸的管道进入每个的聚氯乙烯三通的（垂直于10英寸件）剩余的孔。插入聚氯乙烯弯头（材料c）关于每个20英寸管的开口端。 </li><li>插入第三个20英寸PVC管的每个端部到每个开口的PVC肘部。千万不要粘上PVC接头是否可视画面更容易折叠/存储需要。胶PVC接头一个永久性的视觉画面，如果需要的话。斗篷枕头套（本草LD）在顶管。安全与长尾夹（材料e）或安全别针。 </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig1.jpg" /> 图1:设置了急速的参与者应在一张桌子坐下。参加者与测试对象之间的视觉屏幕。一个试验的对象从检测试剂盒取出，并提供给参与者按以下顺序:测试对象，再分别在三个可能的匹配，在附录1所示的顺序:行政指令和评分表<a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击这里查看该图的放大版本。</a> <ol start="2"><li>组装的急速测试试剂盒（包括9测试对象，重复组9样品的对象，和3的例子中的物体）（图2） <ol><li>切21片1.5英寸直径的PVC管（材质六）为4英寸的长度。切软木（材料G）为21条，每4×7英寸。相互叠加软木PVC上，以确保接缝或管道的两端没有重叠。 </li><li>修剪多余的软木刷新到边缘。大衣各21个管（一个接一个）的所有目的水泥（材料H）的，敷用软木塞。 </li><li>测量和切割6 4×7英寸件自粘合体（材料i）和6 4×7英寸件的牛皮纸（材料j）条。修剪多余的。包裹六件与自粘层合体。 </li><li>大衣六件与所有的目的水泥包装用牛皮纸包装。外套一件与所有用途的水泥，敷用砂纸（材料K）。大衣两件与所有用途的水泥，敷有光泽卡片纸（材料1）。 </li><li>测量并制定出八片粘土（材料M），每次称重2.2盎司。测量并制定出六块黏土，每块重3.2盎司。测量并制定出七块粘土，每块重4.2盎司。 </li><li>模二2。2盎司，3.2盎司和4.2盎司件粘土成固体块以填充管的直径。将每到管道盖用牛皮纸包裹的中心。与覆盖着软木和自粘层压管重复步骤。 </li><li>模制两种2.2盎司件粘土成固体块以填充管的直径。将一进一出管覆盖光滑的卡片和一个进入管道覆盖砂纸的中心。 </li><li>模具1 4.2盎司一块粘土成固体块以填充管的直径。插入到管道覆盖光泽卡片的中心。 </li><li>每根管填充与闭孔泡沫包装（材料n）的能力。称量组件，以确保重提高到0.1盎司。 </li><li>大衣各端盖（材料O）的所有用途的水泥，坚决插入到每根管的两端。 </li><li>标记每个对象与重量（在底部）和数（顶部），为是可见的检验。 </li><li>覆盖工商业污水附加费吨对象1T，2T和3T软木塞，然后牛皮纸，并称重到6，7，和8盎司，分别。遮盖试验对象4T，5T，6T和只，体重为6，7和8盎司，分别。遮盖试验对象7T，8T，9T和软木，然后自粘层压体，并称重到6，7，和8盎司，分别。 </li><li>标签样本对象1-9（测试对象的精确副本）。 </li><li>标签的三个示例对象A，B和C盖例如对象A和B有光泽卡片纸（重达6和8盎司，分别）。盖砂纸例如对象C（重达6盎司）。 （实施例的对象未在图2中示出 ）。 </li><li>疼痛和运输所有测试项目均在一个塑料储物箱（材料P）。 </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="图2" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig2.jpg" /> 图2:在急速测试的组织对象的测试对象是有序的1-9和标有"T"。 n个INE样品对象，参与者匹配的测试对象（重量）或纹理，也编号1-9和有序的，如图所示。 2.管理匆忙: <ol><li>在标准高度表（〜29英寸）和椅座参与者（〜18英寸）。调整高度，使参与者可以休息和移动测试手臂舒适地放在桌上。将测试臂下一个可视屏幕， 如图3中，为了防止从参与者看到试验臂，对象，或检查者。 注:第一次测试中受损较少上肢，如果被测试的参与者都有一个越障上肢。 </li><li>指导学员掌握和提升的例子对象，以自由决定的重量和质地之间的差异。提供反馈只有两个示范试验。 </li><li>辖两个示范试验之前得分。有与会者比较对象A和B来说明权重的差异。有着参加对象比较A和C来说明质感的差异。 </li><li>在拿下测试试验不提供病人的绩效反馈。不协助病人与手动勘探中的对象。通过保持物体的数字顺序组织测试材料的全部18个试验。 （图2） </li><li>提供口头指示，参与者:"用一只手先手动探索测试对象。然后，探索每三个可能的匹配，它由重量或质感，但从来没有这两个中的一个试验有所不同。找到了比赛。根据需要确定答案触摸​​每个对象多次。会有18试验。最多为5分钟，使每个试验"。 </li><li>考试管理过程中重复测试说明在考官的判断或根据参加者的要求。不要告诉参与者哪个对象属性（重或纹理），他们正在试验中的匹配。 </li><li>滑动反对和远离参加者的手，每参与者的请求时，如果他或她的肘或肩运动防止它们（图3）的对象之间移动。 </li><li>有参加者表示他们的选择口头或通过在找到匹配指着自己的选择。辖下试。没有参与形容，以任何方式，对象的属性或解释为什么他们选择，他们没有比赛。 </li><li>通过确定共有每手18试验正确匹配的数目评分测试。使用附录1:行政指导和评分表，并以减少误差考官如图2所示的整体组织。 </li><li>分析和解释急速分数作为触觉性能以下考虑的措施。 注:在仓促，顺序量表等级之间的间隔可能不一致，不得为known。然而，象许多临床措施，也可能是有意义的，适当的应用统计推断仿佛数据分别为间隔， 如图4。 </li></ol><img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178fig3.jpg" /> 图3:提供的急速对象到与会者的对象可以被放置在参与者的手，但考官应避免协助参与者与对象操作。

<ol><li>Nakayama, H., Jgtgensen, H., Stig, K., Raaschou, H. O., Olsen, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Recovery+of+upper+extremity+function+in+stroke+patients%3A+the+Copenhagen+Stroke+Study%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Age+%28SD%29%22%5BJournal%5D)">Recovery of upper extremity function in stroke patients: the Copenhagen Stroke Study.</a> Age (SD). 74, 12(1994).</li>
<li>Carey, L. M., Matyas, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Frequency+of+discriminative+sensory+loss+in+the+hand+after+stroke+in+a+rehabilitation+setting%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Rehabilitation+Medicine%22%5BJournal%5D)">Frequency of discriminative sensory loss in the hand after stroke in a rehabilitation setting.</a> Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 43, 257-263 (2011).</li>
<li>Winward, C. E., Halligan, P. W., Wade, D. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Somatosensory+recovery%3A+A+longitudinal+study+of+the+first+6+months+after+unilateral+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Disability+%26+Rehabilitation%22%5BJournal%5D)">Somatosensory recovery: A longitudinal study of the first 6 months after unilateral stroke.</a> Disability & Rehabilitation. 29, 293-299 (2007).</li>
<li>Sullivan, J. E., Hedman, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Sensory+Dysfunction+Following+Stroke%3A+Incidence%2C+Significance%2C+Examination%2C+and+Intervention%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Topics+in+Stroke+Rehabilitation%22%5BJournal%5D)">Sensory Dysfunction Following Stroke: Incidence, Significance, Examination, and Intervention.</a> Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. 15, 200-217 (2008).</li>
<li>Connell, L. A., Lincoln, N. B., Radford, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Somatosensory+impairment+after+stroke%3A+frequency+of+different+deficits+and+their+recovery%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Clinical+Rehabilitation%22%5BJournal%5D)">Somatosensory impairment after stroke: frequency of different deficits and their recovery.</a> Clinical Rehabilitation. 22, 758(2008).</li>
<li>Winward, C. E., Halligan, P. W., Wade, D. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Current+practice+and+clinical+relevance+of+somatosensory+assessment+after+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Clinical+rehabilitation%22%5BJournal%5D)">Current practice and clinical relevance of somatosensory assessment after stroke.</a> Clinical rehabilitation. 13, 48-55 (1999).</li>
<li>Torre, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Somatosensory-related+limitations+for+bimanual+coordination+after+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehabilitation+and+neural+repair%22%5BJournal%5D)">Somatosensory-related limitations for bimanual coordination after stroke.</a> Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. , (2013).</li>
<li>Nichols-Larsen, D. S., Clark, P. C., Zeringue, A., Greenspan, A., Blanton, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Factors+influencing+stroke+survivors%27+quality+of+life+during+subacute+recovery%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Stroke%22%5BJournal%5D)">Factors influencing stroke survivors' quality of life during subacute recovery.</a> Stroke. 36, 1480-1484 (2005).</li>
<li>Borstad, A. L., Nichols-Larsen, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Assessing+and+treating+Higher-level+Somatosensory+Impairments+Post+Stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Topics+in+Stroke+Rehabilitation%22%5BJournal%5D)">Assessing and treating Higher-level Somatosensory Impairments Post Stroke.</a> Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. 21, 290-295 (2014).</li>
<li>Byl, N., Leano, J., Cheney, L. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+Byl-Cheney-Boczai+Sensory+Discriminator%3A+reliability%2C+validity%2C+and+responsiveness+for+testing+stereognosis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Hand+Therapy%22%5BJournal%5D)">The Byl-Cheney-Boczai Sensory Discriminator: reliability, validity, and responsiveness for testing stereognosis.</a> Journal of Hand Therapy. 15, 315-330 (2002).</li>
<li>Lincoln, N. B., Jackson, J. M., Adams, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Reliability+and+revision+of+the+Nottingham+Sensory+Assessment+for+stroke+patients%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Physiotherapy%22%5BJournal%5D)">Reliability and revision of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment for stroke patients.</a> Physiotherapy. 84, 358-365 (1998).</li>
<li>A new functional Tactual Object Recognition Test
(fTORT) for stroke clients: Normative standards and discriminative validity. Carey, L. M., Nankervis,, et al. 14th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, Sydney, Australia, , (2006).</li>
<li>Ayres, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aAyres%2C+AJ+%22Sensory+integration+and+praxis+test+%28SIPT%29%22">Sensory integration and praxis test (SIPT)</a>. , Western Psychological Services. Los Angeles, CA. (1989).</li>
<li>Kalisch, T., Tegenthoff, M., Dinse, H. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Improvement+of+sensorimotor+functions+in+old+age+by+passive+sensory+stimulation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Clinical+Interventions+in+Aging%22%5BJournal%5D)">Improvement of sensorimotor functions in old age by passive sensory stimulation.</a> Clinical Interventions in Aging. 3, 673(2008).</li>
<li>Meyer, S., Kattunen, A. H., Thijs, V., Feys, H., Verheyden, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((How+do+somatosensory+deficits+in+the+arm+and+hand+relate+to+upper+limb+impairment%2C+activity%2C+and+participation+problems+after+stroke%3F+A+systematic+Review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Physical+Therapy%22%5BJournal%5D)">How do somatosensory deficits in the arm and hand relate to upper limb impairment, activity, and participation problems after stroke? A systematic Review.</a> Physical Therapy. 94, (2014).</li>
<li>Williams, P. S., Basso, D. M., Case-Smith, J., Nichols-Larsen, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Development+of+the+Hand+Active+Sensation+Test%3A+reliability+and+validity%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Arch.+Phys.+Med.+Rehabil%22%5BJournal%5D)">Development of the Hand Active Sensation Test: reliability and validity.</a> Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 87, 1471-1477 (2006).</li>
<li><a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=%22International+Classification+of+Functioning%2C+Disability+and+Health+%28ICF%29%22">International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)</a>. , World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. (2001).</li>
<li>McDonnell, M. N., Hillier, S. L., Miles, T. S., Thompson, P. D., Ridding, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Influence+of+combined+afferent+stimulation+and+task-specific+training+following+stroke%3A+a+pilot+randomized+controlled+trial%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehabilitation+and+neural+repair%22%5BJournal%5D)">Influence of combined afferent stimulation and task-specific training following stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial.</a> Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. 21, 435-443 (2007).</li>
<li>Byl, N. N., Pitsch, E. A., Abrams, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Functional+outcomes+can+vary+by+dose%3A+learning-based+sensorimotor+training+for+patients+stable+poststroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehabilitation+and+neural+repair%22%5BJournal%5D)">Functional outcomes can vary by dose: learning-based sensorimotor training for patients stable poststroke.</a> Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. 22, 494(2008).</li>
<li>Carey, L., Macdonell, R., Matyas, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((SENSe%3A+Study+of+the+Effectiveness+of+Neurorehabilitation+on+Sensation+A+Randomized+Controlled+Trial%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehabilitation+and+neural+repair%22%5BJournal%5D)">SENSe: Study of the Effectiveness of Neurorehabilitation on Sensation A Randomized Controlled Trial.</a> Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. 25, 304-313 (2011).</li>
</ol>

The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.

有证据表明，以下中风类似于马达恢复，体感恢复需要任务的专门培训。18,19，20。因此，如果我们的目标是改善手性能作为触觉受体，触觉障碍必须被识别。15量化触觉能力的机会在临床和实验室受到了限制，在一定程度的基础上，有效和可靠的结果的措施的可用性。而大量的中风患者的体感障碍权证必须要以有效和可靠的临床结果的措施，其中识别障碍，并告知个性化的康复方...

想象一下，一个爱的人的手的感觉。这是老茧或光滑？强或精致？温暖或凉爽？你的握手或十指紧扣持有吗？如果你已经勾起了记忆，它很可能是建立在你使用你的手的运动，征求体感的信息，这就是所谓的触觉触摸，或主动感知能力。能与触觉触摸来确定特征包括大小，形状，重量，质地，表面顺从和温度。触觉受体包括本体感受器，其被发现于皮肤，肌肉，腱和关节，以及皮肤的受体，这两者都手工探索的对象的过程中被激活。不同的手的动作有助于对象特性的测定。例如，多次跨越对象进行横向摩擦运动可能会使纹理特性，或解除对象在手上可以揭示物体的重量。因此，无论是手巧和somatosensation是触觉性能和人类的经验至关重要。 中风后，既体感和运动障碍有助于减弱触觉性能。1卒中后运动障碍是常见的，明确定义的，与中风生还者约70％经历轻瘫的某一水平。1躯体感觉损伤后行程中也很常见，在47-发生89％的个体2-4。研究人员认为，中风后两者皮肤和本体感觉障碍是常见的。对于中风的凯里的体感域，读者可以参考该作品的后果的透彻描述。等，2康奈尔等人，5和Sullivan 4 体感障碍但有助于减少的康复结果，6上肢的协调，7功能和生活质量。8，曲体感障碍，尤其是有源感，的antification是缺乏部分临床实践，由于这一事实，即体感损失少清楚和更难以量化比电动机损伤。已开发量化活性感觉9的措施包括BYL-Chyney -Boczai感官鉴（BCB），10修订诺丁汉感官评价，11的功能触觉物体识别测试（fTORT），12手动表格感知测试（感官信息和现实测试的子集），13的 stereognosis组分和触觉物体识别测试（HORT）。14虽然这些措施，但最近的系统性回顾，试图描述的手臂和手的体感障碍是如何与中风后上肢的问题，得出的结论是临床医生和研究人员目前缺乏有效的，可靠somatosensation测试。15 </SUP&gt;因此，解决的触觉表现临床上有用的参数化和无害措施的可用性是至关重要的。 该手活动感觉测试（急速）的重量和质地歧视的18项比赛对样品测试，最初是由威廉姆斯和他的同事发表于2006年16仓促是触觉触摸的措施，是在触觉障碍敏感中风个人（通过少于13正确匹配表示）。随着急速的目的来衡量触觉感知，作为最小的标准，个人需要的能力，掌握并解除与手和手臂，并按照测试说明。在功能，残疾和健康（ICF）模型，17国际分类急速被认为是活动水平的测量。匆忙需要15-30分钟之间每手测试管理。匆忙的优点包括，它是廉价的，总的材料价格为2015年估计$ 100美元，并容易构造和它的18分制提供有关性能比"完整"或"受损"比较常见的二元特性更高的分辨率。 本文的目的是描述过于匆忙的设计，制造和管理。虽然可以推断测试设置从原来的急速出版物，本文提供了详细的方法用于制造视觉屏幕和一个急速试验试剂盒，在测试过程中都使用。组装所需的设备，以及所需的所有材料的详细列表中列出的材料表中。与管理和得分急速还提供了如下说明单个表: 附录1:急速行政指令和评分表参与者编号#_______ Date_______ 硒牛逼向上:座椅试验参与者在一个表（表〜29英寸高，椅座〜18英寸高）与，最初，在桌子上占主导地位的还是少受损上肢休息和下装配可视屏幕放置。在试验期间，保持所有的对象中的数值以保持组织。 示范试验:辖两个示范试验之前得分。提供对象A和B的参与者，并指示他/她比较对象的权重。然后，提供对象A和C的参与，并指示他/她比较对象的纹理。提供反馈信息只为示范试验。 刻划试验:将有18试验得分每端，最大为5分钟允许每个。指示参与者手工探索规定的试验对象（确定在下表中"测试"）与显性或更少受损手，然后前PLORE每三个可能的目标匹配（低于每一次试验箱内编号以其他方式）与此相同的手。可能的比赛将通过重量或质地各不相同，但从来没有由双方在一个试验。根据需要确定一个答案指导学员找到原始对象的匹配，并告诉他/她，他们可以触摸的每个对象多次。不要告知参与者哪个对象属性（纹理或重量），他或她是一个试验中的匹配，不协助手动探索的对象的参与者。用于指示表中的每个试验参与者的最终答案低于盘旋该对象的数量。测试越障上肢参与完成测试与受损较少上肢后。使用下面的表格，通过确定共有每手18试验（按照以下试一箱）正确匹配的数量得分的考验。 口头INSTRuctions与会人:"用一只手先手动探索测试对象。然后，探索每三个可能的匹配，它由重量或质感，但从来没有由双方在一个试验有所不同。找到了比赛。因为你需要确定你的答案，你可以触摸的每个对象多次。会有18试验。你有最多5分钟，使每个试验。" <img alt="记分卡" src="/files/ftp_upload/53178/53178scorecard.jpg" />

<table><tbody><tr><td>Equipment Needed for Assembly</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tape measure</td><td></td><td></td><td>To measure lengths of materials</td></tr><tr><td>PVC saw</td><td></td><td></td><td>To cut PVC pieces to appropriate lengths given below</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td></td><td></td><td>To cut paper, cork and laminating material</td></tr><tr><td>Scale accurate to 0.1 ounce</td><td></td><td></td><td>To determine exact weight of test objects</td></tr><tr><td>Sharpie Permanent Marker</td><td></td><td></td><td>To label test item number and weight</td></tr><tr><td>Visual Screen Materials</td><td>Company</td><td>Catalog Number</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.5-inch PVC Pipe (Sch. 40 Plain-End Pipe)</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>530048</td><td>104 inches total, will be cut into four 10-inch and three 20-inch pieces</td></tr><tr><td>0.5-inch PVC Tee (Sch. 40 SxSxS Tee)</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>406005RMC</td><td>Two pieces</td></tr><tr><td>PVC Elbow (Lasco 0.5-inch Dia 90 degree PVC Sch 40 Side Outlet Elbow)</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>413005RMC</td><td>Two pieces</td></tr><tr><td>Pillowcase</td><td></td><td></td><td>One to be hung from the PVC frame as a visual shield</td></tr><tr><td>ACCO Binder Clips, Medium</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>72050</td><td>Two to hold the pillowcase to the PVC frame</td></tr><tr><td>Testing Kit Materials</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.5-inch PVC Sch. 40 DWV Plain End Pipe</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>531111</td><td>85 inches total, will be cut into 21 4-inch pieces</td></tr><tr><td>Quartet Cork Roll, 1/16-inch thick</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>NA</td><td>1 roll, 24x48 inches, will be cut into 42 4x7-inch pieces to cover all test and example items</td></tr><tr><td>Oatey all purpose cement for CPVC and PVC</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>308213</td><td>8 ounce can, to use to adhere cork, paper and end caps to PVC test items</td></tr><tr><td>Avery Self-Adhesive Laminating Roll</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>73610</td><td>One 24x600-inch roll, will be cut into six 4x7-inches pieces to cover cork on six test objects</td></tr><tr><td>Brown Builder&#039;s Paper</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>35140</td><td>One roll, will be cut into six 4x7-inch pieces to cover cork on six test objects</td></tr><tr><td>3M Pro Grade 9 Sandpaper</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>25060P-G</td><td>One piece 4x7 inches, to use to cover one example item</td></tr><tr><td>Ranger Glossy Cardstock</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>NA</td><td>One 8.5x11-inch, 10-Pack, white, will be cut into two 4x7-inch pieces to cover example items</td></tr><tr><td>Marblex-durable self modeling clay in moist form</td><td>amaco.com/shop/</td><td>X-242</td><td>One 5-pound package, used to achieve correct weights of test objects</td></tr><tr><td>Medium density polyethylene packing foam</td><td>amazon.com</td><td>NA</td><td>One foam sheet, 220 poly, charcoal, 2x24x18 inches, to fill the remaining space in test objects after clay has been inserted</td></tr><tr><td>Knock Out Plug for 1.5-inch PVC</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>85000</td><td>42 caps to seal the ends of the 21 test items</td></tr><tr><td>Sterilite 6-quart plastic storage box</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>16428960</td><td>One to store/transport test objects</td></tr></tbody></table>

design, fabrication, and administration of the hand active sensation test (haste)

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of outcome measures of upper extremity motor performance has grown. However, clinicians and researchers lack practical, quantitative measures of the hand&#8217;s natural role as a receptor of the environment. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe), developed by Williams and colleagues in 2006, is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance. Though not available commercially, the HASTe can be fabricated from inexpensive materials, and it has been used successfully to identify impairments in haptic touch in individuals with stroke. (Williams, 2006). This paper presents the methods of design and fabrication of the HASTe testing kit, as well as a visual screen to be used during administration, and instructions for the tests administration and scoring.

威廉姆斯和同事发表了最初的研究，从而确立了急速的可靠性和有效性，于2006年在此基础上研究，个人得分少于13日的急速正确的匹配将被视为已受损的触觉表现，而那些13之间的得分和18都被认为具有未受损伤触觉性能。16当个人得分6个或更少正确的匹配，它被认为是一个机会得分，基于在一个18试验/ 3项匹配来样设计的可能性。 时的仓促之重测信度为所有组强（ICC...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe at JoVE.com

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe

The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe.

设计，制造管理的手，和活动感觉测试（急速）

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of ...

design-fabrication-administration-hand-active-sensation-test

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)

9.1K 次观看.  The Ohio State University. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe. 

视频: Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

一致性的任务作为一种手段来获取目标行为的措施中的橡胶手错觉范式Crossmodal

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

科研

行为学

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

行动观察期间皮质脊体兴奋调节

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology to quantitatively assess children&#39;s cortical processing of light touch, speech sounds and the multisensory processing of the 2 stimuli, without requiring active subject participation or causing children discomfort. To accomplish this we developed a dual channel, time and strength calibrated air puff stimulator that allows both tactile stimulation and sham control. We combined this with the use of event-related potential methodology to allow for high temporal resolution of signals from the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices as well as higher order processing. This methodology also allowed us to measure a multisensory response to auditory-tactile stimulation.

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology to quantitatively assess infants and children&#39;s cortical processing of light touch, speech sounds, and the multisensory processing of the 2 stimuli, without requiring active subject participation or causing discomfort in vulnerable patients.

皮质听觉，触觉加工的残疾儿童定量评价

Objective and easy measurement of sensory processing is extremely difficult in nonverbal or vulnerable pediatric patients. We developed a new methodology ...

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

Numerous qualitative and quantitative techniques can be used to test sensory nerves and pain in both research and clinical settings. The current study demonstrates a quantitative sensory testing protocol using techniques to measure tactile sensation and pain threshold for pressure and heat using portable and easily accessed equipment. These techniques and equipment are ideal for new laboratories and clinics where cost is a concern or a limiting factor. We demonstrate measurement techniques for the following: cutaneous mechanical sensitivity on the arms and legs (von-Frey filaments), radiant and contact heat sensitivity (with both threshold and qualitative assessments using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)), and mechanical pressure sensitivity (algometer, with both threshold and the VAS). The techniques and equipment described and demonstrated here can be easily purchased, stored, and transported by most clinics and research laboratories around the world. A limitation of this approach is a lack of automation or computer control. Thus, these processes can be more labor intensive in terms of personnel training and data recording than the more sophisticated equipment. We provide a set of reliability data for the demonstrated techniques. From our description, a new laboratory should be able to set up and run these tests and to develop their own internal reliability data.

The goal of this procedure is to demonstrate a battery of quantitative techniques for sensory and pain measurement in humans. The equipment and techniques described are commonly found in pain clinics or are easy to obtain.

手动测试的协议来衡量感觉和疼痛人类

Numerous qualitative and quantitative techniques can be used to test sensory nerves and pain in both research and clinical settings. The current study ...

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are needed for clinical diagnosis of impairment, and to measure outcomes of proprioceptive training. The purpose of this simple, non-invasive method is to temporarily knockdown upper limb proprioception in healthy adults, to an extent that would be useful in the development and testing of upper limb proprioception measures. Knockdown models have two main advantages over studying humans with impaired proprioception: participant availability and the ability to control the extent of impairment across participants. Current published methods of temporary proprioception knockdown of the upper limb, such as ischemic nerve blocks and cryotherapy, are invasive, impractical, or uncomfortable for the participant. Here, vibration over the ulnar groove was used to reduce upper limb proprioception. High frequency vibration may reduce proprioceptive acuity by inhibiting pacinian corpuscle-induced input. The effect of vibration used in this protocol was confirmed using two quantitative measures. This method was simple to administer, comfortable for participants, and practical.

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate a practical method to temporarily interfere with proprioception in the upper limb of healthy humans.

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are ...

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering controlled spatially structured stimuli to the skin. Consequently, investigators often apply tactile stimuli manually. Manual stimulus application is time consuming, requires great care and concentration on the part of the investigator, and leaves many stimulus parameters uncontrolled. We describe here a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system, the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS), that applies spatially structured stimuli to the skin, controlling for onset velocity, contact force, and contact duration. TAPS is a versatile, programmable system, capable of efficiently conducting a variety of psychophysical procedures. We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.
Corresponding Author: Daniel Goldreich

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

We describe a computer-controlled device for investigating the sense of touch: the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS). We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering ...

生物学

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The split hand phenomenon refers to predominant wasting of thenar muscles and is an early and specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A novel split hand index (SI) was developed to quantify the split hand phenomenon, and its diagnostic utility was assessed in ALS patients. The split hand index was derived by dividing the product of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude recorded over the abductor pollicis brevis and first dorsal interosseous muscles by the CMAP amplitude recorded over the abductor digiti minimi muscle. In order to assess the diagnostic utility of the split hand index, ALS patients were prospectively assessed and their results were compared to neuromuscular disorder patients. The split hand index was significantly reduced in ALS when compared to neuromuscular disorder patients (P&#60;0.0001). Limb-onset ALS patients exhibited the greatest reduction in the split&#160;hand index, and a value of 5.2 or less reliably differentiated ALS from other neuromuscular disorders. Consequently, the split&#160;hand index appears to be a novel diagnostic biomarker for ALS, perhaps facilitating an earlier diagnosis.

Dissociated atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles, termed the split hand, appears to be a specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).&#160;Consequently, a novel neurodiagnostic test, termed the split hand&#160;index, was developed to quantify the clinical phenomenon of the split hand, which differentiated ALS from mimic disorders.

在肌萎缩侧索硬化症的诊断游离本质手部肌肉萎缩实用工具

The split hand phenomenon refers to predominant wasting of thenar muscles and is an early and specific feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A ...

医学

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to sense spatial information is the strongest in the skin on the hands. This ability is termed tactile spatial acuity, and is measured by the tactile threshold or discrimination threshold. At present, the two-point threshold is extensively used as a measure of tactile spatial acuity, although many studies have indicated that critical deficits exist in two-point discrimination. Therefore, a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system was developed, the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator (TSPAS), using the tactile angle discrimination threshold as a new measure for tactile spatial acuity. The TSPAS is a simple, easily operated system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling movement speed, distance, and contact duration. The components of the TSPAS are described in detail as well as the procedure to calculate the tactile angle discrimination threshold.

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

Presented is the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator TSPAS, a new way to assess tactile spatial acuity and tactile angle discrimination using a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling for movement speed, distance, and contact duration.

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 （TSPAS）

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to ...

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

A robot-assisted hand is used for the rehabilitation of patients with impaired upper limb function, particularly for stroke patients with a loss of motor control. However, it is unclear how conventional occupational training strategies can be applied to the use of rehabilitation robots. Novel robotic technologies and occupational therapy concepts are used to develop a protocol that allows patients with impaired upper limb function to grasp objects using their affected hand through a variety of pinching and grasping functions. To conduct this appropriately, we used five types of objects: a peg, a rectangular cube, a cube, a ball, and a cylindrical bar. We also equipped the patients with a robotic hand, the Mirror Hand, an exoskeleton&#160;hand that is fitted to the subject&#8217;s affected hand and follows the movement of the sensor glove fitted to their unaffected hand (bimanual movement training (BMT)). This study had two stages. Three healthy subjects were first recruited to test the feasibility and acceptability of the training program. Three patients with hand dysfunction caused by stroke were then recruited to confirm the feasibility and acceptability of the training program, which was conducted on 3 consecutive days. On each day, the patient was monitored during 5 min of movement in a passive range of motion, 5 min of robot-assisted bimanual movement, and task-oriented training using the five objects. The results showed that both healthy subjects and subjects who had suffered a stroke in conjunction with the robotic hand could successfully grasp the objects. Both healthy subjects and those who had suffered a stroke performed well with the robot-assisted task-oriented training program in terms of feasibility and acceptability.

This study reports the development of a novel robot-assisted task-oriented program for hand rehabilitation. The developmental process consists of experiments using both healthy subjects and subjects who have had a stroke and suffered from subsequent motor control dysfunction.

使用双骨外骨骼机器人手开发面向任务的新康复计划

A robot-assisted hand is used for the rehabilitation of patients with impaired upper limb function, particularly for stroke patients with a loss of motor ...

设计，制造管理的手，和活动感觉测试（急速）

摘要

探索更多视频

一致性的任务作为一种手段来获取目标行为的措施中的橡胶手错觉范式Crossmodal

行动观察期间皮质脊体兴奋调节

皮质听觉，触觉加工的残疾儿童定量评价

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

手动测试的协议来衡量感觉和疼痛人类

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

在肌萎缩侧索硬化症的诊断游离本质手部肌肉萎缩实用工具

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS）

使用双骨外骨骼机器人手开发面向任务的新康复计划

设计，制造管理的手，和活动感觉测试（急速）

摘要

探索更多视频

一致性的任务作为一种手段来获取目标行为的措施中的橡胶手错觉范式Crossmodal

行动观察期间皮质脊体兴奋调节

皮质听觉，触觉加工的残疾儿童定量评价

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

手动测试的协议来衡量感觉和疼痛人类

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

在肌萎缩侧索硬化症的诊断游离本质手部肌肉萎缩实用工具

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 （TSPAS）

使用双骨外骨骼机器人手开发面向任务的新康复计划

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS）