Name: a multimodal imaging- and stimulation-based method of evaluating connectivity-related brain excitability in patients with epilepsy
Uploaded: 2016-11-13T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 23 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Emily L. Thorn, B.A., for her assistance with the Source estimation of evoked electrical activity Section. MMS was supported by a KL2/Catalyst Medical Research Investigator Training award from Harvard Catalyst/The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health Award KL2 TR001100). CJC was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (5K12NS066225). APL was supported in part by grants from the Sidney R. Baer Jr. Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (R01 HD069776, R01 NS073601, R21 MH099196, R21 NS082870, R21 NS085491, R21 HD07616), and Harvard Catalyst/The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (NCRR and the NCATS, NIH UL1 RR025758). BSC was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS073601).

MMS, SWG, CJC and BSC have nothing to disclose. APL serves on the scientific advisory boards for Nexstim, Neuronix, Starlab Neuroscience, Neuroelectrics, and Neosync, and is listed as an inventor on several issued and pending patents on the real-time integration of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

静息态的功能连接的MRI已经被用于识别网络连接在人的大脑，并以确定发生在不同的疾病状态26,31,32连接的改变。然而，如磁共振成像功能连接是基于在BOLD信号识别相关，以及作为血液氧合变化与底层神经活动，因果意义和这些功能磁共振成像连接的发现的生理相关性的非平凡关系目前还不清楚。 TMS能够在特定皮层区域大脑活动的空间和时间上定位的操作;当与脑电图结合，TMS可以用来评...

经颅磁刺激（TMS）是通过电磁感应非侵入性刺激皮质区域的装置。在TMS，一个大的但在空间上受限的磁通用于诱导靶皮层区的电场，并由此调节底层神经组织的活性。 TMS在运动皮层运动诱发的结果，可以通过外围肌电图（EMG）来测量电势。当成对或脉冲三胞胎施加，TMS可以用来评估特定皮质内GABA能和谷氨酸能电路1-3的活性，从而评估兴奋和抑制体内在人类患者中的平衡。在癫痫具体地说，TMS的研究表明，皮质兴奋存在癫痫患者4,5，并且可以与成功的抗癫痫药物治疗正常化，从而预测对药物的反应6。此外，前皮质的TMS措施citability显示在患者的中间值与单一发作7和患者都特发性和获得性局灶性癫痫8兄弟姐妹。这些结果表明，大脑皮层兴奋的TMS措施可能使我们确定癫痫内表。然而，这些措施的敏感性和特异性是有限的，可能是因为TMS-EMG只能与运动皮层电路刺激进行评估，许多癫痫患者有运动皮层外扣押灶。 脑电图（EEG）提供了直接测量对于TMS脑反应的机会，并且可以使用跨越新皮质的广泛领域，以评估脑反应性。有研究整合脑电图（TMS-EEG）TMS表明，TMS产生整个皮层9,10的反响，并且是可重复的，可靠的11-13活动的浪潮。通过评估诱发活性的传播在不同的行为的状态和在不同的任务，TMS脑电图已用于因果探查人类大脑的网络10,14-16的动态有效连接。 TMS-EEG措施，对疾病从精神分裂症17多动症18所示显著异常，意识障碍如持续性植物状态19。此外，一些团体已经确定了双脉冲的EEG相关因素TMS-EMG指标是癫痫患者的异常20,21。特别重要的，以前的研究也表明，异常刺激诱发的脑电活动被认为是在癫痫患者22-25。 评价的脑电路的另一手段是通过静息态的功能连接的MRI（RS-fcMRI），即在血液氧合水平随时间评估的相关性，从不同脑区26依赖性（BOLD）的信号的技术。利用研究RS-fcMRI已经证明，人的大脑组织成相互作用区域26-29的不同的网络，可以由RS-fcMRI 30确定的具体的大型分布式神经网络内发生的神经精神性疾病，以及经由RS-标识的大脑网络fcMRI往往是神经精神疾病状态31,32异常。在潜在的临床应用方面，RS-fcMRI具有比传统的基于任务的功能磁共振成像应用33几个优点，包括对主体合作的依赖，并在变量上表现的关注。因此，最近有研究探索在不同疾病状态RS-fcMRI变化爆炸。然而，RS-fcMRI的局限之一是在确定是否以及如何在BOLD信号相关性（或anticorrelations）用于形成神经元沟通的基础的电相互作用的难度。一个相关的问题是，它是ofteÑ不清楚是否在各种疾病状态看到的RS-fcMRI变化有生理意义。特别是关于癫痫，目前还不清楚的RS-fcMRI异常是否只是为了间痫样瞬变到期，或独立存在这样的电生理异常;需要同时EEG-fMRI来帮助这些可能性34之间评估。 如TMS可用于产生不同的皮层区域的激活瞬时或持续变化，TMS研究提供的因果评估不同静息态功能磁共振成像连接图案的意义的装置。一种方法是使用RS-fcMRI引导在不同的疾病状态的治疗的刺激的努力;它可以预期的TMS定位到该被功能地连接到已知参与不同疾病状态是更可能比TMS靶向区域没有这种函数的治疗有效区域的区域最终的连接，而事实上一些研究发现，初步证据显示此35,36。另一种方法是涉及使用TMS-脑电图因果关系评估不同的静息态fcMRI模式的生理意义。具体地，可以测试，显示在一个特定的疾病状态异常功能连接区应该显示在患者刺激不同的响应比在健康受试者的假设，并且这些生理异常是存在特异性（或主要）与的异常刺激连通区域。 为了说明上述情况，我们由于大脑发育异常结节性脑室周围异位（PNH）37提供最近的一项研究中，RS-fcMRI，TMS和脑电图合并探索癫痫患者皮质兴奋的一个例子。 PNH患者与adolescent-或成人发病的癫痫临床目前，阅读障碍，和正常INTElligence，并有相邻于影像学38,39侧脑室灰质异常结节。以前的研究已经表明，异位灰质这些脑室结节结构上和功能上连接到离散的病灶中的新皮层40,41，并且癫痫发作可以由新皮层区域，灰质异位，或两者同时进行42发出，表明在癫痫这些患者是电路的现象。通过使用静息状态FC-MRI引导TMS脑电图，我们表明，患者的活动性癫痫是由于PNH有皮质过度兴奋的迹象，而这似乎兴奋只限于地区异常功能连接到深的结节。 该协议是在两个单独的会话进行的。在第一届会议上，结构和静息状态下血液氧合水平依赖（BOLD）对比MRI序列被收购（病人），或只是结构性MRI序列（为正常对照组）。在第一和第二会话之间，静息态功能连接分析用于定义为患者的大脑皮质的目标，和MNI坐标获得这些目标。然后，相当于皮质的目标（根据MNI坐标）被确定为每个健康对照者。在第二届会议上，获得了TMS-EEG数据。 在本文给出的实例中，使用内部软件工具箱和在MRI软件43,44进行官能连通的MRI分析。神经导航的TMS与具有实时磁共振神经导航经颅磁刺激进行。脑电图记录，具有60个通道的TMS兼容的系统，它利用一个取样与保持电路由TMS的，以避免放大器饱和。使用MATLAB R201运行自定义脚本和EEGLAB工具箱45（版本12.0.2.4b）脑电数据进行分析2B。

<table><tbody><tr><td>3T MRI scanner</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MRI functional connectivity software</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MRI image viewing software</td><td></td><td></td><td>MRICron</td></tr><tr><td>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator</td><td>Nexstim</td><td>eXimia Stimulator</td><td>Can use stimulators from other suppliers, &lt;i&gt;e.g.&lt;/i&gt;, Magventure, Magstim</td></tr><tr><td>MRI neuronavigation system</td><td>Nexstim</td><td>NBS v3.2.1</td><td>Alternative MRI neuronavigation system, &lt;i&gt;e.g.&lt;/i&gt;, Brainsight, Localite</td></tr><tr><td>TMS-compatible EEG system</td><td>Nexstim</td><td>Eximia EEG</td><td>Alternatives: Brain Products, Synamps, ANT</td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>Mathworks</td><td>R2012b</td><td>Alternatives: Octave</td></tr><tr><td>EEGLab</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Minimum Norm Estimate (MNE) software</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FreeSurfer</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a multimodal imaging- and stimulation-based method of evaluating connectivity-related brain excitability in patients with epilepsy

Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations over time in the blood-oxygenation level dependent signal. rs-fcMRI has been applied extensively to identify abnormalities in brain connectivity in different neurologic and psychiatric diseases. However, the relationship among rs-fcMRI connectivity abnormalities, brain electrophysiology and disease state is unknown, in part because the causal significance of alterations in functional connectivity in disease pathophysiology has not been established. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique that uses electromagnetic induction to noninvasively produce focal changes in cortical activity. When combined with electroencephalography (EEG), TMS can be used to assess the brain's response to external perturbations. Here we provide a protocol for combining rs-fcMRI, TMS and EEG to assess the physiologic significance of alterations in functional connectivity in patients with neuropsychiatric disease. We provide representative results from a previously published study in which rs-fcMRI was used to identify regions with abnormal connectivity in patients with epilepsy due to a malformation of cortical development, periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH). Stimulation in patients with epilepsy resulted in abnormal TMS-evoked EEG activity relative to stimulation of the same sites in matched healthy control patients, with an abnormal increase in the late component of the TMS-evoked potential, consistent with cortical hyperexcitability. This abnormality was specific to regions with abnormal resting-state functional connectivity. Electrical source analysis in a subject with previously recorded seizures demonstrated that the origin of the abnormal TMS-evoked activity co-localized with the seizure-onset zone, suggesting the presence of an epileptogenic circuit. These results demonstrate how rs-fcMRI, TMS and EEG can be utilized together to identify and understand the physiological significance of abnormal brain connectivity in human diseases.

静息态功能连接功能磁共振成像可用于识别证明与异位脑室周围灰质结节高功能连接皮层区域（ 图1），以及控制区域没有这种连接。为了确定这种不正常的功能连接是否具有生理意义，与相关静息态活性皮质区域可以选择为neuronavigated TMS的"连接"的目标网站，并诱发脑电图结果相比，通过控制刺激产生的脑电位在同一患者的非相连的目标。此外，同一区域可?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy at JoVE.com

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Resting-state functional-connectivity MRI has identified abnormalities in patients with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy due to malformations of cortical development. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in combination with EEG can demonstrate that patients with epilepsy have cortical hyperexcitability in regions with abnormal connectivity.

评价中的连接有关的大脑兴奋患者癫痫多式联运Imaging-和激励为基础的方法

Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations ...

a-multimodal-imaging-stimulation-based-method-evaluating-connectivity

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.0K 次观看.  Harvard Medical School. Resting-state functional-connectivity MRI has identified abnormalities in patients with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy due to malformations of cortical development. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in combination with EEG can demonstrate that patients with epilepsy have cortical hyperexcitability in regions with abnormal connectivity. 

视频: A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in different areas of their brain for the localization of their seizure focus and eloquent areas. After implantation, the patient must remain in the hospital until the pathological area of brain is found and possibly resected. During this time, these patients offer a unique opportunity to the research community because any number of behavioral paradigms can be performed to uncover the neural correlates that guide behavior. Here we present a method for recording brain activity from intracranial implants as subjects perform a behavioral task designed to assess decision-making and reward encoding. All electrophysiological data from the intracranial electrodes are recorded during the behavioral task, allowing for the examination of the many brain areas involved in a single function at time scales relevant to behavior. Moreover, and unlike animal studies, human patients can learn a wide variety of behavioral tasks quickly, allowing for the ability to perform more than one task in the same subject or for performing controls. Despite the many advantages of this technique for understanding human brain function, there are also methodological limitations that we discuss, including environmental factors, analgesic effects, time constraints and recordings from diseased tissue. This method may be easily implemented by any institution that performs intracranial assessments; providing the opportunity to directly examine human brain function during behavior.

Patients implanted with intracranial electrodes provide a unique opportunity to record neurological data from multiple areas of the brain while the patient performs behavioral tasks. Here, we present a method of recording from implanted patients that can be reproducible at other institutions with access to this patient population.

执行任务的行为与颅内电极主题

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in ...

科研

行为学

Direct-current Stimulation and Multi-electrode Array Recording of Seizure-like Activity in Mice Brain Slice Preparation

Cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) induces suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. To perform effective actions, the stimulation parameters (e.g., orientation, field strength, and stimulation duration) need to be examined in mice brain slice preparations. Testing and arranging the orientation of the electrode relative to the position of the mice brain slice are feasible. The present method preserves the thalamocingulate pathway to evaluate the effect of DCS on anterior cingulate cortex seizure-like activities. The results of the multichannel array recordings indicated that cathodal DCS significantly decreased the amplitude of the stimulation-evoked responses and duration of 4-aminopyridine and bicuculline-induced seizure-like activity. This study also found that cathodal DCS applications at 15 min caused long-term depression in the thalamocingulate pathway. The present study investigates the effects of DCS on thalamocingulate synaptic plasticity and acute seizure-like activities. The current procedure can test the optimal stimulation parameters including orientation, field strength, and stimulation duration in an in vitro mouse model. Also, the method can evaluate the effects of DCS on cortical seizure-like activities at both the cellular and network levels.

Studies have shown that cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation can produce suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. In this study, an in vitro experimental setup was devised in which the direct-current stimulation and multielectrode array recording of seizure-like activity were evaluated in mice brain slice preparation. The direct-current stimulation parameters were evaluated.

小鼠脑切片准备扣押样活性的直接电流刺激和多电极阵列记录

Cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) induces suppressive effects on drug-resistant seizures. To perform effective actions, the ...

神经科学

A Pipeline for 3D Multimodality Image Integration and Computer-assisted Planning in Epilepsy Surgery

Epilepsy surgery is challenging and the use of 3D multimodality image integration (3DMMI) to aid presurgical planning is well-established. Multimodality image integration can be technically demanding, and is underutilised in clinical practice. We have developed a single software platform for image integration, 3D visualization and surgical planning. Here, our pipeline is described in step-by-step fashion, starting with image acquisition, proceeding through image co-registration, manual segmentation, brain and vessel extraction, 3D visualization and manual planning of stereoEEG (SEEG) implantations. With dissemination of the software this pipeline can be reproduced in other centres, allowing other groups to benefit from 3DMMI. We also describe the use of an automated, multi-trajectory planner to generate stereoEEG implantation plans. Preliminary studies suggest this is a rapid, safe and efficacious adjunct for planning SEEG implantations. Finally, a simple solution for the export of plans and models to commercial neuronavigation systems for implementation of plans in the operating theater is described. This software is a valuable tool that can support clinical decision making throughout the epilepsy surgery pathway.

We describe the steps to use our custom designed software for image integration, visualization and planning in epilepsy surgery.

管道在癫痫手术3D多模图像集成和计算机辅助规划

Epilepsy surgery is challenging and the use of 3D multimodality image integration (3DMMI) to aid presurgical planning is well-established. Multimodality ...

医学

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common partial complex epileptic syndrome and the least responsive to medications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising approach when pharmacological treatment fails or neurosurgery is not recommended. Acute brain slices coupled to microelectrode arrays (MEAs) represent a valuable tool to study neuronal network interactions and their modulation by electrical stimulation. As compared to conventional extracellular recording techniques, they provide the added advantages of a greater number of observation points and a known inter-electrode distance, which allow studying the propagation path and speed of electrophysiological signals. However, tissue oxygenation may be greatly impaired during MEA recording, requiring a high perfusion rate, which comes at the cost of decreased signal-to-noise ratio and higher oscillations in the experimental temperature. Electrical stimulation further stresses the brain tissue, making it difficult to pursue prolonged recording/stimulation epochs. Moreover, electrical modulation of brain slice activity needs to target specific structures/pathways within the brain slice, requiring that electrode mapping be easily and quickly performed live during the experiment. Here, we illustrate how to perform the recording and electrical modulation of 4-aminopyridine (4AP)-induced epileptiform activity in rodent brain slices using planar MEAs. We show that the brain tissue obtained from mice outperforms rat brain tissue and is thus better suited for MEA experiments. This protocol guarantees the generation and maintenance of a stable epileptiform pattern that faithfully reproduces the electrophysiological features observed with conventional field potential recording, persists for several hours, and outlasts sustained electrical stimulation for prolonged epochs. Tissue viability throughout the experiment is achieved thanks to the use of a small-volume custom recording chamber allowing for laminar flow and quick solution exchange even at low (1 mL/min) perfusion rates. Quick MEA mapping for real-time monitoring and selection of stimulating electrodes is performed by a custom graphic user interface (GUI).

We illustrate how to perform recording and electrical modulation of 4-aminopyridine-induced epileptiform activity in rodent brain slices using microelectrode arrays. A custom recording chamber maintains tissue viability throughout prolonged experimental sessions. Live electrode mapping and selection of stimulating pairs are performed by a custom graphical user interface.

鼠脑切片偶联微电极阵列癫痫活性的记录与调控

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common partial complex epileptic syndrome and the least responsive to medications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) ...

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic field pulses. The initiation of cortical activation or its modulation depends on the background activation of the neurons of the cortical region activated, the characteristics of the coil, its position and its orientation with respect to the head. TMS combined with simultaneous electrocephalography (EEG) and neuronavigation (nTMS-EEG) allows for the assessment of cortico-cortical excitability and connectivity in almost all cortical areas in a reproducible manner. This advance makes nTMS-EEG a powerful tool that can accurately assess brain dynamics and neurophysiology in test-retest paradigms that are required for clinical trials. Limitations of this method include artifacts that cover the initial brain reactivity to stimulation. Thus, the process of removing artifacts may also extract valuable information. Moreover, the optimal parameters for dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) stimulation are not fully known and current protocols utilize variations from the motor cortex (M1) stimulation paradigms. However, evolving nTMS-EEG designs hope to address these issues. The protocol presented here introduces some standard practices for assessing neurophysiological functioning from stimulation to the DLPFC that can be applied in patients with treatment resistant psychiatric disorders that receive treatment such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

The protocol presented here is for TMS-EEG studies utilizing intracortical excitability test-retest design paradigms. The intent of the protocol is to produce reliable and reproducible cortical excitability measures for assessing neurophysiological functioning related to therapeutic interventions in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depression.

侧前额叶皮质联合经颅磁刺激与脑电图的研究

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic ...

Equipment Setup and Artifact Removal for Simultaneous Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Clinical Review in Epilepsy

Simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) is a unique combined technique that provides synergy in the understanding and localization of seizure onset in epilepsy. However, reported experimental protocols for EEG-fMRI recordings fail to address details about conducting such procedures on epilepsy patients. In addition, these protocols are limited solely to research settings. To fill the gap between patient monitoring in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) and conducting research with an epilepsy patient, we introduce a unique EEG-fMRI recording protocol of epilepsy during the interictal period. The use of an MR conditional electrode set, which can also be used in the EMU for a simultaneous scalp EEG and video recording, allows an easy transition of EEG recordings from the EMU to the scanning room for concurrent EEG-fMRI recordings. Details on the recording procedures using this specific MR conditional electrode set are provided. In addition, the study explains step-by-step EEG processing procedures to remove the imaging artifacts, which can then be used for clinical review. This experimental protocol promotes an amendment to the conventional EEG-fMRI recording for enhanced applicability in both clinical (i.e., EMU) and research settings. Furthermore, this protocol provides the potential to expand this modality to postictal EEG-fMRI recordings in the clinical setting.

This article details simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recording procedures that can be used in both clinical and research settings. EEG processing procedures to remove imaging artifacts for clinical review are also included. This study focuses on the example of epilepsy during the interictal period.

同步脑电图和功能性磁共振成像的设备设置和伪影去除，用于癫痫临床审查

Simultaneous electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) is a unique combined technique that provides synergy in the ...

生物工程

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>将 MEG 和 HD-EEG 整合到儿科癫痫定位中

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

For children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), seizure freedom relies on the delineation and resection (or ablation/disconnection) of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) while preserving the eloquent brain areas. The development of a reliable and noninvasive localization method that provides clinically useful information for the localization of the EZ is, therefore, crucial to achieving successful surgical outcomes. Electric and magnetic source imaging (ESI and MSI) have been increasingly utilized in the presurgical evaluation of these patients showing promising findings in the delineation of epileptogenic as well as eloquent brain areas. Moreover, the combination of ESI and MSI into a single solution, namely electromagnetic source imaging (EMSI), performed on simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings has shown higher source localization accuracy than either modality alone. Despite these encouraging findings, such techniques are performed in only a few tertiary epilepsy centers, are rarely recorded simultaneously, and are underutilized in pediatric cohorts. This study illustrates the experimental setup for recording simultaneous MEG and HD-EEG data as well as the methodological framework for analyzing these data aiming to localize the irritative zone, the seizure onset zone, and eloquent brain areas in children with DRE. More specifically, the experimental setups are presented for (i) recording and localizing interictal and ictal epileptiform activity during sleep and (ii) recording visual-, motor-, auditory-, and somatosensory-evoked responses and mapping relevant eloquent brain areas (i.e., visual, motor, auditory, and somatosensory) during visuomotor task, as well as auditory and somatosensory stimulations. Detailed steps of the data analysis pipeline are further presented for performing EMSI as well as individual ESI and MSI using equivalent current dipole (ECD) and dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM).

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:通过新型生物标志物和增强定位推进儿童癫痫手术

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) are rarely recorded simultaneously, although they yield confirmatory and complementary information. Here, we illustrate the experimental setup for recording simultaneous MEG and HD-EEG and the methodology for analyzing these data aiming to localize epileptogenic and eloquent brain areas in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.

电磁源显像在儿童耐药性癫痫术前评估中的应用

For children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), seizure freedom relies on the delineation and resection (or ablation/disconnection) of the epileptogenic ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>记录大脑组件中的网络活动：多电极阵列方法

A Multi-Electrode Array Platform for Modeling Epilepsy Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Assembloids

Human brain organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that recapitulate&#160;aspects of fetal brain development. The fusion of dorsal with ventral regionally specified brain organoids in vitro generates assembloids, which have functionally integrated microcircuits with excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Due to their structural complexity and diverse population of neurons, assembloids have become a useful in vitro tool for studying aberrant network activity. Multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings serve as a method for capturing electrical field potentials, spikes, and longitudinal network dynamics from a population of neurons without compromising cell membrane integrity. However, adhering assembloids onto the electrodes for long-term recordings can be challenging due to their large size and limited contact surface area with the electrodes. Here, we demonstrate a method to plate assembloids onto MEA plates for recording electrophysiological activity over a 2-month span. Although the current protocol utilizes human cortical organoids, it can be broadly adapted to organoids differentiated to model other brain regions. This protocol establishes a robust, longitudinal, electrophysiological assay for studying the development of a neuronal network, and this platform has the potential to be used in drug screening for therapeutic development in epilepsy.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：通过基于多电极阵列的人脑组件长期电生理监测推进遗传性癫痫研究

This protocol aims to stably plate dorsal-ventral fused assembloids on multi-electrode arrays for modeling epilepsy in vitro.

使用人类多能干细胞来源的脑组件对癫痫进行建模的多电极阵列平台

Human brain organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that recapitulate&#160;aspects of fetal ...

评价中的连接有关的大脑兴奋患者癫痫多式联运Imaging-和激励为基础的方法

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电磁源显像在儿童耐药性癫痫术前评估中的应用

电磁源显像在儿童耐药性癫痫术前评估中的应用

使用人类多能干细胞来源的脑组件对癫痫进行建模的多电极阵列平台