Name: improved swiss-rolling technique for intestinal tissue preparation for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analyses
Uploaded: 2016-07-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses at JoVE.com

We would like to thank Ainara Ruiz de Sabando for providing H&amp;E images. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK052230, DK093680 and CA172113) awarded to Dr. Vincent W. Yang.

1. Mice
<ol>
	<li>All studies involving mice were approved by the Stony Brook University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). The mice were maintained on a 12:12 hr light-dark cycle.
	<ol>
		<li>Commercially obtain C57BL/6 mice. Obtain C57BL/6 mice carrying Klf5 alleles flanked by loxP sites (Klf5fl/fl). These mice were previously described21 and graciously provided by Dr. Ryozo Nagai.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Purchase C5...

<ol>
	<li>van der Flier, L. G., Clevers, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells,+self-renewal,+and+differentiation+in+the+intestinal+epithelium.">Stem cells, self-renewal, and differentiation in the intestinal epithelium.</a> Annu Rev Physiol. 71, 241-260 (2009).</li><li>Bjerknes, M., Cheng, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+the+isolation+of+intact+epithelium+from+the+mouse+intestine.">Methods for the isolation of intact epithelium from the mouse intestine.</a> Anat Rec. 199, 565-574 (1981).</li><li>Barker, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+stem+cells+in+small+intestine+and+colon+by+marker+gene+Lgr5.">Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5.</a> Nature. 449 (7165), 1003-1007 (2007).</li><li>van der Flier, L. G., Haegebarth, A., Stange, D. E., van de Wetering, M., Clevers, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=OLFM4+is+a+robust+marker+for+stem+cells+in+human+intestine+and+marks+a+subset+of+colorectal+cancer+cells.">OLFM4 is a robust marker for stem cells in human intestine and marks a subset of colorectal cancer cells.</a> Gastroenterology. 137 (1), 15-17 (2009).</li><li>van der Flier, L. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcription+factor+achaete+scute-like+2+controls+intestinal+stem+cell+fate.">Transcription factor achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell fate.</a> Cell. 136 (5), 903-912 (2009).</li><li>Sangiorgi, E., Capecchi, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bmi1+is+expressed+in+vivo+in+intestinal+stem+cells.">Bmi1 is expressed in vivo in intestinal stem cells.</a> Nat Genet. 40 (7), 915-920 (2008).</li><li>Montgomery, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+telomerase+reverse+transcriptase+(mTert)+expression+marks+slowly+cycling+intestinal+stem+cells.">Mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert) expression marks slowly cycling intestinal stem cells.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (1), 179-184 (2011).</li><li>Takeda, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interconversion+between+intestinal+stem+cell+populations+in+distinct+niches.">Interconversion between intestinal stem cell populations in distinct niches.</a> Science. 334 (6061), 1420-1424 (2011).</li><li>May, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+novel+putative+gastrointestinal+stem+cell+and+adenoma+stem+cell+marker,+doublecortin+and+CaM+kinase-like-1,+following+radiation+injury+and+in+adenomatous+polyposis+coli/multiple+intestinal+neoplasia+mice.">Identification of a novel putative gastrointestinal stem cell and adenoma stem cell marker, doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1, following radiation injury and in adenomatous polyposis coli/multiple intestinal neoplasia mice.</a> Stem Cells. 26 (3), 630-637 (2008).</li><li>Powell, A. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pan-ErbB+negative+regulator+Lrig1+is+an+intestinal+stem+cell+marker+that+functions+as+a+tumor+suppressor.">The pan-ErbB negative regulator Lrig1 is an intestinal stem cell marker that functions as a tumor suppressor.</a> Cell. 149 (1), 146-158 (2012).</li><li>Pearson, R., Fleetwood, J., Eaton, S., Crossley, M., Bao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kruppel-like+transcription+factors:+a+functional+family.">Kruppel-like transcription factors: a functional family.</a> Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 40 (10), 1996-2001 (2008).</li><li>McConnell, B. B., Yang, V. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammalian+Kruppel-like+factors+in+health+and+diseases.">Mammalian Kruppel-like factors in health and diseases.</a> Physiol Rev. 90 (4), 1337-1381 (2010).</li><li>McConnell, B. B., Ghaleb, A. M., Nandan, M. O., Yang, V. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+diverse+functions+of+Kruppel-like+factors+4+and+5+in+epithelial+biology+and+pathobiology.">The diverse functions of Kruppel-like factors 4 and 5 in epithelial biology and pathobiology.</a> Bioessays. 29 (6), 549-557 (2007).</li><li>Nandan, M. O., Ghaleb, A. M., Bialkowska, A. B., Yang, V. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kruppel-like+factor+5+is+essential+for+proliferation+and+survival+of+mouse+intestinal+epithelial+stem+cells.">Kruppel-like factor 5 is essential for proliferation and survival of mouse intestinal epithelial stem cells.</a> Stem Cell Res. 14 (1), 10-19 (2015).</li><li>Gelberg, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+anatomy,+physiology,+and+mechanisms+of+disease+production+of+the+esophagus,+stomach,+and+small+intestine.">Comparative anatomy, physiology, and mechanisms of disease production of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 42 (1), 54-66 (2014).</li><li>De Robertis, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+AOM/DSS+murine+model+for+the+study+of+colon+carcinogenesis:+From+pathways+to+diagnosis+and+therapy+studies.">The AOM/DSS murine model for the study of colon carcinogenesis: From pathways to diagnosis and therapy studies.</a> J Carcinog. 10 (9), (2011).</li><li>Magnus, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Observations+on+the+presence+of+intestinal+epithelium+in+the+gastric+mucosa.">Observations on the presence of intestinal epithelium in the gastric mucosa.</a> The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 44 (2), 389-398 (1937).</li><li>Moolenbeek, C., Ruitenberg, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+"Swiss+roll":+a+simple+technique+for+histological+studies+of+the+rodent+intestine.">The "Swiss roll": a simple technique for histological studies of the rodent intestine.</a> Lab Anim. 15 (1), 57-59 (1981).</li><li>Park, C. M., Reid, P. E., Walker, D. C., MacPherson, B. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple,+practical+'swiss+roll'+method+of+preparing+tissues+for+paraffin+or+methacrylate+embedding.">A simple, practical 'swiss roll' method of preparing tissues for paraffin or methacrylate embedding.</a> J Microsc. 145, 115-120 (1987).</li><li>Summersgill, B., Clark, J., Shipley, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+and+chromogenic+in+situ+hybridization+to+detect+genetic+aberrations+in+formalin-fixed+paraffin+embedded+material,+including+tissue+microarrays.">Fluorescence and chromogenic in situ hybridization to detect genetic aberrations in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded material, including tissue microarrays.</a> Nat Protoc. 3 (2), 220-234 (2008).</li><li>Takeda, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+fibroblasts+are+essential+for+the+adaptive+response+of+the+murine+heart+to+pressure+overload.">Cardiac fibroblasts are essential for the adaptive response of the murine heart to pressure overload.</a> J Clin Invest. 120 (1), 254-265 (2010).</li><li>el Marjou, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-specific+and+inducible+Cre-mediated+recombination+in+the+gut+epithelium.">Tissue-specific and inducible Cre-mediated recombination in the gut epithelium.</a> Genesis. 39 (3), 186-193 (2004).</li><li>McConnell, B. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kruppel-like+factor+5+is+important+for+maintenance+of+crypt+architecture+and+barrier+function+in+mouse+intestine.">Kruppel-like factor 5 is important for maintenance of crypt architecture and barrier function in mouse intestine.</a> Gastroenterology. 141 (4), 1302-1313 (2011).</li><li>Nandan, M. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kruppel-like+factor+5+is+a+crucial+mediator+of+intestinal+tumorigenesis+in+mice+harboring+combined+ApcMin+and+KRASV12+mutations.">Kruppel-like factor 5 is a crucial mediator of intestinal tumorigenesis in mice harboring combined ApcMin and KRASV12 mutations.</a> Mol Cancer. 9 (63), (2010).</li><li>Pirici, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibody+elution+method+for+multiple+immunohistochemistry+on+primary+antibodies+raised+in+the+same+species+and+of+the+same+subtype.">Antibody elution method for multiple immunohistochemistry on primary antibodies raised in the same species and of the same subtype.</a> J Histochem Cytochem. 57 (6), 567-575 (2009).</li><li>Fischer, A. H., Jacobson, K. A., Rose, J., Zeller, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hematoxylin+and+eosin+staining+of+tissue+and+cell+sections.">Hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue and cell sections.</a> CSH Protoc. 2008, (2008).</li></ol>

The Swiss rolling technique is a powerful method for preparing intestinal tissue for histological and morphological assessment on a large scale. In contrast to the previously described Swiss-rolling technique, which was originally developed for preparation of frozen sections18,19, the procedure presented here allows prompt intestinal tissue preparation and fixation for formalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE). Compared to frozen tissue, FFPE tissue has much longer shelf life and is the preferred type of...

The mammalian intestinal epithelium comprises a single layer of columnar cells. In the small intestine, the proliferative cells are confined to the crypts while differentiated cells occupy the villus region. However, because there are no villi in the large bowel, the proliferative cells are localized to the bottom of the crypts and differentiated cells occupy the upper region of the crypts. The intestinal epithelium undergoes rapid replenishment (about 3 - 5 days) that is driven by continuous division of the proliferative cells within the crypts. The proliferative cells of the crypts are not a homogeneous population and are further subdivided into stem cells and transit-amplifying (TA) cells1. The stem cells reside at the bottom of the crypt, within the first 4 - 5 cells from the very bottom2. The current model supports the existence of two types of stem cells: crypt base columnar (CBC) stem cells and reserve quiescent stem cells. The CBC stem cells are actively proliferating and are marked by Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)3, Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4)4 and Achaete scute-like 2 (Ascl2)5. On the other hand, reserve quiescent stem cells are labeled by B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi1)6, mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert)7, HOP Homeobox (Hopx)8, Doublecortin-Like And CAM Kinase-Like 1 (Dclk1)9, and Leucine-Rich Repeats And Immunoglobulin-Like Domains 1 (Lrig1)10. The actively proliferating stem cells give rise to TA cells then undergo further differentiation into absorptive cells (enterocytes) and secretory cells (enteroendocrine, goblet, Paneth, and Tuft cells). Continuous cell division in the proliferative zone results in upward movement of epithelial cells along the crypt-villus axis until they reach top of the villi, where they undergo apoptosis and are sloughed off from the surface of the epithelium. The different types of intestinal epithelial cells are marked by the expression of distinct proteins (e.g., intestinal goblet cells can be recognized by staining with antibody against Muc2 and Paneth cells with antibody against lysozyme). We study the role of Kr&#252;ppel-like factors (KLFs) in the homeostasis and pathobiology of the intestinal epithelium11-13. The results presented here supporting the feasibility of a modified Swiss-rolling technique are based on previous studies of the role of Kr&#252;ppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in the maintenance of the actively proliferating intestinal epithelial stem cells14. KLF5 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that is highly expressed in the active intestinal stem and TA cells12. Previous studies demonstrated that KLF5 is co-expressed with Ki-67, a known proliferative marker in the intestinal crypts.
The gastrointestinal tract is not a structurally or functionally homogeneous tissue. The small intestine is divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and the large intestine into cecum and colon, with the latter further divided into proximal, middle, and distal portions. Each of these sections has unique histological features and plays distinct roles15. As such, the effects of insults and the degree of the response of the intestinal epithelium may depend on the region of studied tissue16. Additionally, various mice strains demonstrate diversity of the response at the histological level based on the type of insult used in the studies16. Thus, befitting tissue preparation is necessary to permit appropriate histological and molecular analysis of the intestinal tissues. As such, the Swiss-roll technique grants analysis of the complete length of the intestinal epithelium at one time and thus ascertains well-informed conclusions based on comprehensive information.
The Swiss-roll technique was first mentioned by Magnus17, and described in detail by Moolenbeck and Ruitenberg and Park et al. as a method for preparing tissues and performing histological analyses of the rodent intestine18,19, respectively. The protocol delineated in this publication presents an improved version of the original method that permits for timely and reliable tissue preparation for diagnostic purposes. This modified technique allows for efficient collections and preparation of the intestinal epithelium for universally used techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, as well as in situ hybridization (fluorescent and chromogenic20). Furthermore, the modified tissue specimen preparation method utilizes readily available and relatively inexpensive reagents while offering a method of rapid tissue fixation and allows for recovery of protein, DNA, and RNA for additional evaluation. Taken together, this technique is excellent for comprehensive assessment of histopathological, pathological, and molecular features of the intestinal epithelium.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1016">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Stainless Steel Dissecting Kits</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25640-002</td>
			<td style="width:403px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Decloaking Chamber</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Biocare Medical</td>
			<td>DC2012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Syringe 10ml</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">VWR</td>
			<td>89215-218</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:316px;">Swingsette Tissue embedding/processing cassette with lid</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Simport</td>
			<td>M515</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Superfrost Plus Slides [size: 25x75x1mm]</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">VWR</td>
			<td>48311-703</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Manual Slide Staining Set</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tissue-Tek/Sakura</td>
			<td>4451</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Staining Dish Green</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tissue-Tek/Sakura</td>
			<td>4456</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Staining Dish White</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tissue-Tek/Sakura</td>
			<td>4457</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">24-Slide Slide Holder with Detachable Handle</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Tissue-Tek/Sakura</td>
			<td>4465</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Oven</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>6243</td>
			<td>for baking slides at 65 degree</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Dissection microscope</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td>Stemi 2000C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluorescence Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Nikon</td>
			<td>Eclipse 90i</td>
			<td>Bright and fluoerescent light, with objectives: 10x, 20x</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">PAP Pen Super-Liquid Blocker Mini</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>DAI-PAP-S-M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Ethanol 200 proof</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">AAPR</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">VWR</td>
			<td>BDH1135-4LP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Glacial acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">AAPR</td>
			<td>281000ACS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Xylene</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>X5P-1GAL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Hydrogen peroxide 25% solution in water</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">ACROS</td>
			<td>202465000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">10% bufered formalin</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-026-213</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Bovine serum fraction V, heat shock</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Roche</td>
			<td>3116956001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Tween 20</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P7949</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Sodium citrate</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S279</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Gavage needle</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20068-624</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Rabbit anti Klf5 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">sc-22797</td>
			<td>Dilution 1: 150</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Chicken anti EGFP antibody</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AB16901</td>
			<td>Dilution 1: 500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Rabbit anti Ki67 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Biocare Medical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CRM325B</td>
			<td>Dilution 1: 500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Mach3 rabbit AP polymer detection kit</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Biocare Medical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M3R533L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Warp red chromogen kit</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Biocare Medical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">WR806 H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Lgr5-EGFP/CreERT2 mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson labs</td>
			<td>008875&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">Automated processor</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Leica TP1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

improved swiss-rolling technique for intestinal tissue preparation for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analyses

Understanding the role of factors that regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to injury and regeneration is important. The current literature describes several different methodological approaches to obtain images of intestinal tissues for data validation. In this paper, we delineate a common protocol relating to the derivation and processing of mouse intestinal tissues. Proper fixation of intestinal tissues and Swiss-roll techniques that enhance intestinal epithelial morphology are discussed. Postresection processing and reorientation of embedded intestinal tissues are critical in obtaining paraffin-embedded blocks that display intact intestinal structural features after sectioning. The Swiss-rolling technique helps in histological assessment of the complete intestinal or colonic sections examined. An ability to differentiate intestinal structural features can be vital in quantitative measurements of intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis along the entire length. Finally, paraffin-embedded sections are ideal for robust processing using both immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent detection methods. Nonfluorescent immunohistochemical sections provide a vibrant image of the tissue detailing different cellular structural features but do not provide flexibility for intracellular co-localization experiments. Multiple fluorescent channels can be appropriately utilized with immunofluorescent detection for co-localization experiments, lending support to mechanistic studies.

The Swiss rolling technique in combination with immunohistochemical staining allows for comprehensive analysis of small or large intestinal tissue. The example of H&#38;E staining of a large bowel of a C57BL/6 mouse (Figure 1) is an illustration of the feasibility and the effectiveness of this technique. As shown in Figure 1, the image is able to capture all portions of the colon: proximal, middle, and distal. Thus, it allows for comprehensive histologica...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses at JoVE.com

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Accurate identification and location of epithelial cells along the intestinal mucosal lining are essential to define different cell lineages. Proper imaging of intestinal tissues is crucial for identification of protein expression patterns with maximum resolution. This study aims to delineate the optimal methods and conditions for processing mouse intestinal tissues.

Understanding the role of factors that regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to injury and regeneration is important. The current ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Pressure-polishing Pipettes for Improved Patch-clamp Recording

Pressure-polishing is a method for shaping glass pipettes for patch-clamp recording.  We first developed this method for fabricating pipettes suitable for ...

Immunofluorescent Detection of Two Thymidine Analogues (CldU and IdU) in Primary Tissue

Immunofluorescent Detection of Two Thymidine Analogues CldU and IdU in Primary Tissue

Accurate measurement of cell division is a fundamental challenge in experimental biology that becomes increasingly complex when slowly dividing cells are ...

Evisceration of Mouse Vitreous and Retina for Proteomic Analyses

While the mouse retina has emerged as an important genetic model for inherited retinal disease, the mouse vitreous remains to be explored. The vitreous is ...

An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett&#8217;s Esophagus Cells

An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of BarrettÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s Esophagus Cells

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has an overall survival rate of less than 17% and incidence of EAC has risen dramatically over the past two decades. One ...

A Protocol for Lentiviral Transduction and Downstream Analysis of Intestinal Organoids

Intestinal crypt-villus structures termed organoids, can be kept in sustained culture three dimensionally when supplemented with the appropriate growth ...

Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some ...

Stomata Tape-Peel: An Improved Method for Guard Cell Sample Preparation

The study of guard cells is essential to the knowledge of the specific contributions of this cell type to the overall function of plants. However, it is ...

Tissue Collection of Bats for -Omics Analyses and Primary Cell Culture

As high-throughput sequencing technologies advance, standardized methods for high quality tissue acquisition and preservation allow for the extension of ...

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates (EAgaL Plates)

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates EAgaL Plates

Mosquitoes represent a significant public health problem as vectors of various pathogens. For those studies that require an assessment of mosquito fitness ...

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts

Most plant viruses in nature are transmitted from one plant to another by hemipteran insects. A high population density of the vector insects that are ...