Name: surgical approach for middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion induced stroke in mice
Uploaded: 2016-10-20T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 30 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice at JoVE.com

This work was funded by the National Institute of Health, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NIH and NHLBI; HL125572-01A1) and the LSUHSC-S start up fund to F.N.E. Gavins.

在视频报道该协议与实验得到LSUHSC-S机构动物护理和使用委员会批准并符合美国国立卫生研究院的指导方针。 注:雄性C57BL / 6小鼠重25 - 47克该研究中使用。小鼠保持与自由饮水标准州城颗粒饲料，在单独通风笼12小时光/暗周期下。该过程将使用无菌技术（ 例如 ，无菌手套，无菌仪器）在无菌条件下进行。 1.术前准备工作<ol><li>诱导用氯胺酮（150毫克/千克）和赛拉嗪（10毫克/千克）的组合麻醉腹膜内注射（IP）。一旦麻醉达到5分钟，每10分钟 - 步行掐最初每3个监测麻醉深度。虽然动物麻醉下，管理无菌眼软膏，以防止干燥。氯胺酮的初始剂量/甲苯噻嗪通常持续AB出30-40分钟。如果需要的话，这是由动物的响应于脚夹送验证额外剂量可以施用。 </li><li>放置小鼠上的温度调节的热垫仰卧位置并维持体温在36.5±0.1℃，这是使用直肠探针验证。 </li><li>剃颈部和消毒用70％的乙醇的皮肤。 </li></ol> 2. MCA闭塞（图1） <ol><li>使一个中线颈切口使用虹膜直剪刀和缩回（使用拉钩）软组织以暴露容器。 </li><li>使用杜蒙钳不破坏迷走神经周围组织解剖CCA和ECA。 </li><li>用6-0丝线绑围绕CCA一个松散的结，进行临时的缝合。 </li><li>使周围的ECA一个永久性缝合紧紧结扎血管（远端CCA分叉处），从它延伸较小的船只。 </li><li>做一个缝合AROUND非洲经委会近端CCA分叉。 </li><li>周围放置颈内动脉（ICA）和翼腭动脉（PPA）的一个微血管剪辑。 </li><li>使在ECA的小切口用微解剖弹簧剪刀，并插入一个180微米的硅尖的单丝。晋级尽量靠近永久缝合尽可能为灯丝的操作更加轻松。 </li><li>拧紧与周围插入长丝的ECA临时缝合，取下夹子微血管。 </li><li>切永久，远端缝合，并使用微解剖弹簧剪刀长丝的入口点之间的ECA。 </li><li>通过ICA引导丝，直到感到有阻力（约9 - 10微米超出了CCA分叉）在马华。 注:在事件感到太大的阻力，而多数长丝仍清晰可见，灯丝可能已进入PPA。如果发生这种情况，拉长丝回分叉处，轻轻脓ħ前进到ICA使用杜蒙钳，和推动长丝，直到它可以在ICA可视化。 </li></ol> 3.再灌注<ol><li>经过30分钟的接合期间，轻轻拉回来使用杜蒙钳拆下灯丝和保护周围的ECA的开口端缝合。 </li><li>通过仔细地松开使用杜蒙钳和血流通过CCA恢复了结扎删除周围的CCA临时缝合。 </li><li>用连续外科缝合关闭切口。皮肤的封闭可以通过连续或间断缝合来完成。皮肤缝合钉也是可以接受的方法。 </li><li>注射小鼠用1ml盐水皮下体积补充和与镇痛卡布洛芬（5毫克/公斤，SC），用于从手术过程，标志指示需要额外的疼痛缓解包括驼背，ungroomed涂层的疼痛和不适的缓解，活性降低，异常装腔作势，和食欲下降。 </li><li>观察整个从麻醉恢复小鼠中使用使用温度控制器调节的加热灯加热的30℃笼并放置捣碎饲料在培养皿上笼的地板上，以鼓励进食。小鼠将在再灌注期间被容纳每笼之一。 </li></ol> 4.假手术<ol><li>受试小鼠的相同步骤，而不单丝插入。 </li></ol> 5.术后神经分数（表1;图2） <ol><li>神经学评价采用18分制评估总适当的再灌注期后，小鼠;发动机;感觉;本体。较高的神经功能评分相当于减少神经功能。 注:如果判断反应迟钝，无法行走将小鼠安乐死。出于人道的安乐死其它的标准将包括的重量损失大于20％，呼吸二应力，和感染周围手术区。 在 CO 2室将用于安乐死和物理方法进行确认死亡将是颈椎脱位或开胸。 </li></ol> 6.脑梗死容积的测量（图3） <ol><li>诱导用氯胺酮（150毫克/千克）和赛拉嗪（10毫克/千克）由脚捏初始每3注入麻醉的IP监视器深度的组合麻醉 - 5分钟，每10分钟一次麻醉实现。 </li><li>放置小鼠仰卧位置并使用虹膜直剪刀从腹部到颈部随后腹膜切开皮肤。 </li><li>抬起使用杜蒙钳胸骨切排骨暴露心脏。 </li><li>打开左和使用两对止血的胸部右侧，露出心脏。 </li><li>插入连接于5mL注射器进入左心室一个＆G针和切割右心房。用室温生理盐水或磷灌注德缓冲盐水（PBS），直到流体变得清晰（通常为3 - 5分钟）。 </li><li>使用虹膜直剪刀和杜蒙钳取出头骨从大脑仔细了。 </li><li>切断嗅球和使用刀片使大脑将适合在基质小脑。使用此矩阵大脑切成偶数段。寒意矩阵使用前要保持组织凉爽。将脑入矩阵，放在冰上。 </li><li>切片的大脑使用两个刀片2毫米冠状段。使用开始从顶部2毫米的刀片进行首次降息，并在地方离开这个刀片。使切头背后另有2毫米。除去附着组织中的第一刀片。直到所有组织被切成重复此过程。 注:应该有4 - 完成后5段。 </li><li>放置分段成24孔板含2％2,3,5- triphenyltetrazalium氯（TTC），然后将其放置在一个浅水浴吨37℃20分钟。将每个段放入一个单独的井有助于保持他们在他们被切断的顺序。确保TTC解决方案完全覆盖组织片段。 10分钟后，把所有的片上。 </li><li>放置10％福尔马林的量小到一个新的24孔板的孔中，并在它们被切成顺序的片段转移到该板。 </li><li>扫描段到计算机并分析梗死大小使用ImageJ分析软件的全脑切片6的百分比（NIH 1.57图片软件）6。 <ol><li>轮廓梗塞面积以产生面积测量。下一个测量整个对侧半球，以确定该地区。通过对侧半球的区域划分梗塞面积再乘以100来确定梗死体积。 </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Go, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+disease+and+stroke+statistics-2014+update:+a+report+from+the+American+Heart+Association.">Heart disease and stroke statistics-2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association.</a> Circulation. 129 (3), e28-e292 (2014).</li><li>Marks, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patients+with+acute+stroke+trated+with+intravenous+tPS+3-6+hours+after+stroke+onset:+correlations+between+MR+angiography+findings+and+perfusion-+and+diffusion-weighted+imaging+in+the+DEFUSE+study.">Patients with acute stroke trated with intravenous tPS 3-6 hours after stroke onset: correlations between MR angiography findings and perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging in the DEFUSE study.</a> Radiology. 249 (2), 614-623 (2008).</li><li>Longa, E. Z., Weinstein, P. R., Carlson, S., Cummins, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversible+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+without+craniectomy+in+rats.">Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats.</a> Stroke. 20 (1), 84-91 (1989).</li><li>Koizumi, J., Yoshida, Y., Nakazawa, T., Ooneda, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+studies+of+ischemic+brain+edema,+I:+a+new+experimnetal+model+of+cerebral+embolism+in+rats+in+which+recirculation+can+be+introduced+in+the+ischemic+area.">Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema, I: a new experimnetal model of cerebral embolism in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area.</a> Jpn J Stroke. (8), 1-8 (1986).</li><li>Smith, H. K., Russell, J. M., Granger, D. N., Gavins, F. N. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+differences+between+two+classical+surgical+approaches+for+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion-induced+stroke+in+mice.">Critical differences between two classical surgical approaches for middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced stroke in mice.</a> J Neurosci Meth. 249, 99-105 (2015).</li><li>Gavins, F. N., Dalli, J., Flower, R. J., Granger, D. N., Perretti, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+the+annexin+1+counter-regulatory+circuit+affords+protection+in+the+mouse+brain+microcirculation.">Activation of the annexin 1 counter-regulatory circuit affords protection in the mouse brain microcirculation.</a> FASEB J. 21 (8), 1751-1758 (2007).</li><li>Chen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atorvastain+induction+of+VEGF+and+BDNF+promotes+brain+plasticity+after+stroke+in+mice.">Atorvastain induction of VEGF and BDNF promotes brain plasticity after stroke in mice.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 25 (2), 281-290 (2005).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intrastriatal+transplantation+of+bone+marrow+nonhematopoietic+cells+improves+functional+recovery+after+stroke+in+adult+mice.">Intrastriatal transplantation of bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells improves functional recovery after stroke in adult mice.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 20 (9), 1311-1319 (2000).</li><li>Liesz, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+spectrum+of+systemic+immune+alterations+after+murine+focal+ischemia;+the+immunodepression+versus+immunomodulation.">The spectrum of systemic immune alterations after murine focal ischemia; the immunodepression versus immunomodulation.</a> Stroke. 40 (8), 2849-2858 (2009).</li><li>Beckmann, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+resolution+magnetic+resonance+angiography+non-invasively+reveals+mouse+strain+differences+in+the+cerebrovascular+anatomy+in+vivo.">High resolution magnetic resonance angiography non-invasively reveals mouse strain differences in the cerebrovascular anatomy in vivo.</a> Magn Reson Med. 44 (2), 252-258 (2000).</li><li>Barone, F. C., Knudsen, D. J., Nelson, A. H., Feuerstein, G. Z., Willette, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+strain+differences+in+susceptibility+to+cerebral+ischemia+are+related+to+cerebral+vascular+anatomy.">Mouse strain differences in susceptibility to cerebral ischemia are related to cerebral vascular anatomy.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 13 (4), 683-692 (1993).</li><li>Burk, J., Burggraf, D., Vosko, M., Dichgans, M., Hamann, G. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protection+of+cerebral+microvasculature+after+moderate+hypothermia+following+experimental+focal+cerebral+ischemia+in+mice.">Protection of cerebral microvasculature after moderate hypothermia following experimental focal cerebral ischemia in mice.</a> Brain Res. (1226), 248-255 (2008).</li><li>Noor, R., Wang, C. X., Shuaib, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+hyperthemia+on+infarct+volume+in+focal+embolic+model+of+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats.">Effects of hyperthemia on infarct volume in focal embolic model of cerebral ischemia in rats.</a> Neurosci Lett. 349 (2), 130-132 (2003).</li><li>Shin, H. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mild+induced+hypertension+improves+blood+flow+and+oxygen+metabolism+in+transient+focal+cerebral+ischemia.">Mild induced hypertension improves blood flow and oxygen metabolism in transient focal cerebral ischemia.</a> Stroke. 39 (5), 1548-1555 (2008).</li><li>Richter, S. H., Garner, J. P., W&#252;rbel, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+standardization:+cure+or+cause+of+poor+reproducibility+in+animal+experiments?.">Environmental standardization: cure or cause of poor reproducibility in animal experiments?.</a> Nat Methods. 6 (4), 257-261 (2009).</li><li>Holloway, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Both+MC1+and+MC3+receptors+provide+protection+from+cerebral+ischemia-reperfusion-induced+neutrophil+recruitment.">Both MC1 and MC3 receptors provide protection from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced neutrophil recruitment.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 35, (2015).</li><li>Vandeputte, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+inflammatory+response+in+a+photothrombotic+stroke+model+by+MRI:+implications+for+stem+cell+transplantation.">Characterization of the inflammatory response in a photothrombotic stroke model by MRI: implications for stem cell transplantation.</a> Mol Imaging Biol. 13 (4), 663-671 (2010).</li><li>Iwae, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glial+cell-mediated+deterioration+and+repair+of+the+nervous+system+after+traumatic+brain+injury+in+a+rat+model+as+assessed+by+positron+emission+tomography.">Glial cell-mediated deterioration and repair of the nervous system after traumatic brain injury in a rat model as assessed by positron emission tomography.</a> J Neurotrauma. 27 (8), 1463-1475 (2010).</li><li>Morris, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developments+of+a+water-maze+procedure+for+studying+spatial+learning+in+the+rat.">Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 11 (1), 47-60 (1984).</li><li>Mouzon, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repetitive+mild+traumatic+brain+injury+in+a+mouse+model+produces+learning+and+memory+deficits+accompanied+by+histological+changes.">Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in a mouse model produces learning and memory deficits accompanied by histological changes.</a> J Neurotrauma. 29 (18), 2761-2773 (2012).</li><li>Fleming, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+and+progressive+sensorimotor+anomalies+in+mice+overexpressing+wild-type+human+&#945;-synuclein.">Early and progressive sensorimotor anomalies in mice overexpressing wild-type human &#945;-synuclein.</a> J Neurosci. 24 (42), 9434-9440 (2004).</li><li>Sedelis, M., Schwarting, R. K. W., Huston, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+phenotyping+of+the+MPTP+mouse+model+of+Parkinson's+disease.">Behavioral phenotyping of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease.</a> Behav Brain Res. 125 (1-2), 109-125 (2001).</li><li>Toon, L., Silva, M., D'Hooge, R., Aerts, J. M., Berckmans, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+gait+analysis+in+the+open-field+test+for+laboratory+mice.">Automated gait analysis in the open-field test for laboratory mice.</a> Behav Res Methods. 41 (1), 148-153 (2009).</li><li>Lubjuhn, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+testing+in+a+mouse+stroke+model+induced+by+occlusion+of+the+distal+middle+cerebral+artery.">Functional testing in a mouse stroke model induced by occlusion of the distal middle cerebral artery.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 184 (1), 95-103 (2009).</li><li>Bou&#235;t, V., Freret, T., Toutain, J., Divoux, D., Boulouard, M., Schumann-Bard, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensorimotor+and+cognitive+deficits+after+transient+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+in+the+mouse.">Sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse.</a> Exp Neurol. 203 (2), 555-567 (2007).</li><li>Freret, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+deficits+after+distal+focal+cerebral+ischemia+in+mice:+usefulness+of+adhesive+removal+test.">Behavioral deficits after distal focal cerebral ischemia in mice: usefulness of adhesive removal test.</a> Behav Neurosci. 123 (1), 224-230 (2009).</li><li>Zhan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deficient+neuron-microglia+signaling+results+in+impaired+functional+brain+connectivity+and+social+behavior.">Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior.</a> Nature Neurosci. 17, 400-406 (2013).</li><li>Balkaya, M., Kr&#246;ber, J. M., Rex, A., Endres, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+post-stroke+behavior+in+mouse+models+of+focal+ischemia.">Assessing post-stroke behavior in mouse models of focal ischemia.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow. 33, 330-338 (2012).</li><li>Wiessner, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-nogo-a+antibody+infusion+24+hours+after+experimental+stroke+imporved+behavioral+outcome+and+corticospinal+plasticity+in+normotensive+and+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats.">Anti-nogo-a antibody infusion 24 hours after experimental stroke imporved behavioral outcome and corticospinal plasticity in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 23, 154-165 (2003).</li><li>Schaar, K. L., Brenneman, M. M., Savitz, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+assessments+in+the+rodent+stroke+model.">Functional assessments in the rodent stroke model.</a> Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2 (13), (2010).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

由于它的概念20年前，在MCAO模型对于涉及丝插入人体行程已在研究一个巨大的数字使用。这主要是由于它模拟什么在行程（ 即，缺血性中风）的最常见的形式的临床发生的事实。纹状体是缺血比大脑皮层更敏感，并且同样地，缺血时间长度将翻译成两个纹状体和背外侧皮层是否会受到影响，或者仅仅纹状体。既梗塞和再灌注时间可相应地改变，并且这提供了研究者能够研究短暂性脑缺血发...

中风是死亡的第五大原因遍及世界各地，死于该病一人每隔4分钟。超过80万美国人患有每年中风，这不仅是毁灭性的病人，也为他们的家庭。中风是成人残疾的主要原因，年支出估计为在$ 36.5十亿1的顺序，尽管很少有治疗方法是可用的。 组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）是唯一食品和药物管理局（FDA）的许可药物缺血性中风。然而，如果来自中风发作给予患者3-6小时内，并且在这些情况下，有利于仅4％的患者2是唯一有效的。因此，当务之急是中风的重现性好，临床相关动物模型被用于在潜在的治疗策略和治疗这种疾病的发展中提供帮助。要注意， 在体外是很重要</青霉&gt;模型，而在模拟的脑功能障碍的某些方面是有用的，不能够扼要发生在脑和外周中风后的复杂的生理的相互作用。因此， 在体内模型是必不可少的。 中风的最常见的类型是起源于缺血，约占总笔画的87％。其它笔划是脑内出血（9％）和蛛网膜下腔出血（4％），和最经常由栓子到大脑中动脉（MCA）引起的。这是由于在MCA的根部突出曲线，这导致进入大脑层血流成为打乱。在MCA来源于颈内动脉（ICA）和路线沿着横向沟，在那里它的分支和项目基底节和额叶，顶叶和颞叶，包括主运动和感觉皮层的侧表面。 Willis环是由大脑后动脉被创建连接到脑动脉和后交通动脉。 MCAO的腔内长丝或缝合模型是最广泛使用于中风研究之一。但是，有几个不同的变化，以这种模式的，而这些都是根据微丝是否被插入到颈外动脉（ECA，称为龙格法）3，或者它是否被插入的ICA（称为小泉法）4。在小泉方法，在手术侧的总颈动脉（CCA）必须永久如果灯丝被去除以防止在CCA切口出血并列，而在龙格的方法是，必须永久地并列5 ECA 。在这里，因为我们认为这是一个远远优于和缺血性中风更临床相关的手术模式将要使用的方法龙格。此外，使用的硅尖单丝的，特别是与龙格的方法，产生了非常重现的MCAO相对于火焰钝化单丝，这往往产生不完全的闭塞和/或蛛网膜下腔出血6。 腔内长丝方法可作为永久或短暂闭塞4,6的模型。执行瞬态模型，灯丝一段局部缺血之后去除（ 例如，30分钟，60分钟，或2小时），再灌注被允许发生。该模型中，在一定程度上模拟血流后自发或治疗性干预（ 例如 ，tPA的给药）以裂解在人类中的血栓栓塞凝块的恢复。为永久模型，灯丝在适当位置简单地放置一段时间（ 例如 ，24小时），因此，不发生再灌注。腔内长丝方法的另一个优点是，开颅并不需要执行，从而可以原封不动颅骨和避免在颅内压力和温度的任何变化的事实。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Male C57BL/6 mice</td><td>Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME</td><td>#000664</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine Hydrochloride</td><td>Morris &amp;amp; Dickson, Shreveport, LA</td><td>67457-108-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylazine</td><td>Akorn, Inc, Lake Forest, IL</td><td>NADA# 139-236</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DC temperature control system</td><td>FHC, Bowdoin, ME</td><td>40-90-8D</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mini rectal thermistor probe</td><td>FHC, Bowdoin, ME</td><td>40-80-5D-02</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heating pad</td><td>FHC, Bowdoin, ME</td><td>40-90-2-06</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Clippers</td><td>Amazon, Bellevue, WA</td><td>#64800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% ethanol</td><td>Worldwide Medical Products, Bristol, PA</td><td>#51011023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting microscope</td><td>Olympus, Center Valley, PA</td><td>SZ40</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iris scissors (straight)</td><td>Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA</td><td>11251-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont forceps (45&amp;deg; bent tip)</td><td>Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA</td><td>11297-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro vessel clip</td><td>Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA</td><td>18055-05</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro dissecting spring scissors (straight)</td><td>Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA</td><td>14088-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retractors (blunt)</td><td>Fine Science Tools, Foster City, CA</td><td>18200-11 (Helen used 17022-13)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cotton tipped applicators</td><td>Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA</td><td>23-400-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gauze sponges</td><td>Covidien, Mansfield, MA</td><td>#9023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7-0 silk braided surgical suture</td><td>Braintree Scientific, Braintree, MA</td><td>SUT-S103</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.9% sodium chloride</td><td>Morris &amp;amp; Dickson, Lake Forest, IL</td><td>0409-4888-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-0 medium MCAO suture (silicon rubber coated monofilament)</td><td>Doccol Corporation, Sharon, MA</td><td>6023PKRe</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sofsilk 6-0 silicone coated braided silk</td><td>Covidien, Mansfield, MA</td><td>SUT-14-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Carprofen</td><td>Pfizer, New York, NY</td><td>NADA# 141-199</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Puralube</td><td>Dechra, Norwich, UK</td><td>NDC 17033-211-38</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Physitemp temperature controller</td><td>Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA</td><td>TCAT-2AC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heat lamp</td><td>Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA</td><td>HL-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser doppler probe</td><td>AD Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO</td><td>MSP100XP</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24-well plates</td><td>Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA</td><td>#353226</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td><td>Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA</td><td>20012-050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Single edge razor blades</td><td>Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA</td><td>12-640</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2,3,5-triphenyltetrazalium chloride (TTC)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO</td><td>T8877-50G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse brain matrix slicer</td><td>Braintree Scientific, Braintree, MA</td><td>BS-A 5000C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water bath</td><td>VWR, Radnor, PA</td><td>#182</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10% formalin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO</td><td>HT501128-4L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ImageJ analysis software</td><td>NIH, Bethesda, MD</td><td>free download</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retractor</td><td>Medical Device Purchase, Newcastle, CA</td><td>MP-740</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

surgical approach for middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion induced stroke in mice

中风是全世界死亡的首要原因，仍然是长期的残疾成年人的主要原因之一。约87％的中风是起源于缺血发生在大脑中动脉（MCA）的领土。目前唯一食品和药物管理局（FDA）批准的药物对这种破坏性疾病的治疗是组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）。然而，tPA的有管理一个小的治疗窗（3 - 6小时），且仅在究竟是谁收到患者的4％有效。目前的研究重点是了解中风的病理生理机制，以便找到潜在的治疗靶点。因此，可靠的模型是至关重要的，而MCA闭塞（MCAO）模型（也称为腔内丝或缝线模型）被认为是缺血性中风的最临床相关的手术模式，是相当非侵入性和容易复制。典型地，MCAO模型一起使用啮齿动物，尤其是由于小鼠所有可用的该物种的遗传变异。这里，我们描述（和存在于该视频）如何成功地执行小鼠MCAO模型（再灌注），以产生可靠和可重复的数据。

小鼠进行30分钟的MCAO引起的脑缺血（ 图1），随后一个周期再灌注的（24小时和1周在这里提出，但再灌注的长度可以变化）。缺血期间的死亡率是最小的（约2％）。交的缺血，死亡率（第24小时之内）为26％左右。 激光多普勒血流仪被用来确认在之前和MCAO /再灌注后MCA区血流灌注。 图4清楚地表明，当?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice at JoVE.com

Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice

为了了解中风的病理生理学，它使用可靠的模型是很重要的。本文将描述在小鼠中的最常用的中风模型中的一个，称为大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型（也称为腔内灯丝或缝合模型）再灌注。

对大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注损伤诱发中风小鼠的手术方法

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ...

surgical-approach-for-middle-cerebral-artery-occlusion-reperfusion

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

21.5K 次观看.  Louisiana State University. 为了了解中风的病理生理学，它使用可靠的模型是很重要的。本文将描述在小鼠中的最常用的中风模型中的一个，称为大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型（也称为腔内灯丝或缝合模型）再灌注。 

视频: Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are very limited. To meet the need for novel therapeutic approaches, experimental stroke research frequently employs rodent models of focal cerebral ischaemia. Most researchers use permanent or transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mice or rats.
Proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via the intraluminal suture technique (so called filament or suture model) is probably the most frequently used model in experimental stroke research. The intraluminal MCAO model offers the advantage of inducing reproducible transient or permanent ischaemia of the MCA territory in a relatively non-invasive manner. Intraluminal approaches interrupt the blood flow of the entire territory of this artery. Filament occlusion thus arrests flow proximal to the lenticulo-striate arteries, which supply the basal ganglia. Filament occlusion of the MCA results in reproducible lesions in the cortex and striatum and can be either permanent or transient. In contrast, models inducing distal (to the branching of the lenticulo-striate arteries) MCA occlusion typically spare the striatum and primarily involve the neocortex. In addition these models do require craniectomy. In the model demonstrated in this article, a silicon coated filament is introduced into the common carotid artery and advanced along the internal carotid artery into the Circle of Willis, where it blocks the origin of the middle cerebral artery. In patients, occlusions of the middle cerebral artery are among the most common causes of ischaemic stroke. Since varying ischemic intervals can be chosen freely in this model depending on the time point of reperfusion, ischaemic lesions with varying degrees of severity can be produced. Reperfusion by removal of the occluding filament at least partially models the restoration of blood flow after spontaneous or therapeutic (tPA) lysis of a thromboembolic clot in humans.
In this video we will present the basic technique as well as the major pitfalls and confounders which may limit the predictive value of this model.

Filamentous occlusion of the Middle cerebral artery is a common model for studying ischemic stroke in mice.

建模在小鼠体内的行程 - 中东与灯丝模型大脑中动脉闭塞

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are ...

科研

医学

Mouse Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the brain (ischemic stroke) 2. Since most ischemic strokes (~80%) occur in the territory of middle cerebral artery (MCA) 3, many animal stroke models that have been developed have focused on this artery. The intraluminal monofilament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) involves the insertion of a surgical filament into the external carotid artery and threading it forward into the internal carotid artery (ICA) until the tip occludes the origin of the MCA, resulting in a cessation of blood flow and subsequent brain infarction in the MCA territory 4. The technique can be used to model permanent or transient occlusion 5. If the suture is removed after a certain interval (30 min, 1 h, or 2 h), reperfusion is achieved (transient MCAO); if the filament is left in place (24 h) the procedure is suitable as a model of permanent MCAO. This technique does not require craniectomy, a neurosurgical procedure to remove a portion of skull, which may affect intracranial pressure and temperature 6. It has become the most frequently used method to mimic permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice 7,8. To evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction, we stain brain slices with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to identify ischemic brain tissue 9. In this video, we demonstrate the MCAO method and the determination of infarct size by TTC staining.

We demonstrate in the video a method for producing a middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice using an intraluminal monofilament. We also show how to evaluate the extent of cerebral infarction by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.

大脑中动脉闭塞的小鼠模型

Stroke is the most common fatal neurological disease in the United States 1. The majority of strokes (88%) result from blockage of blood vessels in the ...

Mouse Model of Intraluminal MCAO: Cerebral Infarct Evaluation by Cresyl Violet Staining

Stroke is the third cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability in the World. Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes. However, the thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only treatment of acute ischemic stroke that exists. This led researchers to develop several ischemic stroke models in a variety of species. Two major types of rodent models have been developed: models of global cerebral ischemia or focal cerebral ischemia. To mimic ischemic stroke in patients, in whom approximately 80% thrombotic or embolic strokes occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), the intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is quite relevant for stroke studies. This model was first developed in rats by Koizumi et al. in 1986 1. Because of the ease of genetic manipulation in mice, these models have also been developed in this species 2-3.
	Herein, we present the transient MCA occlusion procedure in C57/Bl6 mice. Previous studies have reported that physical properties of the occluder such as tip diameter, length, shape, and flexibility are critical for the reproducibility of the infarct volume 4. Herein, a commercial silicon coated monofilaments (Doccol Corporation) have been used. Another great advantage is that this monofilament reduces the risk to induce subarachnoid hemorrhages. Using the Zeiss stereo-microscope Stemi 2000, the silicon coated monofilament was introduced into the internal carotid artery (ICA) via a cut in the external carotid artery (ECA) until the monofilament occludes the base of the MCA. Blood flow was restored 1 hour later by removal of the monofilament to mimic the restoration of blood flow after lysis of a thromboembolic clot in humans. The extent of cerebral infarct may be evaluated first by a neurologic score and by the measurement of the infarct volume. Ischemic mice were thus analyzed for their neurologic score at different post-reperfusion times. To evaluate the infarct volume, staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was usually performed. Herein, we used cresyl violet staining since it offers the opportunity to test many critical markers by immunohistochemistry. In this video, we report the MCAO procedure; neurological scores and the evaluation of the infarct volume by cresyl violet staining.

The intraluminal middle cerebral occlusion model in mice is herein presented. The extent of cerebral infarct is evaluated by a neurologic score and cresyl violet staining, an alternative staining to TTC, offering the great advantage to test in parallel many interest markers.

小鼠模型的腔内MCAO脑梗塞评价甲酚紫染色

Stroke is the third  cause of mortality and the leading cause of disability in the World. Ischemic  stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes. ...

Induction of Ischemic Stroke and Ischemia-reperfusion in Mice Using the Middle Artery Occlusion Technique and Visualization of Infarct Area

Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the global population and encompasses several types of conditions, including stroke. To study the impact of stroke on tissue injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, several experimental models in a variety of species were developed. They include complete global cerebral ischemia, incomplete global ischemia, focal cerebral ischemia, and multifocal cerebral ischemia. The model described in this protocol is based on the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and is related to the focal ischemia category. This technique produces consistent focal ischemia in a strictly defined region of the hemisphere and is less invasive than other methods. The procedure described is performed on mice, given the availability of several genetic variants and the high number of tests standardized for mice to aid in the behavioral and neurodeficit evaluation.

We describe a mouse model of stroke induced by the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery using a silicone coated suture. The protocol can be applied to induce permanent occlusion or a temporary ischemia, followed by reperfusion.

缺血性中风和缺血再灌注小鼠的诱导使用梗塞区的中心动脉闭塞技术和可视化

Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the global population and encompasses several types of conditions, including stroke. To study the impact of ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Reliable experimental stroke models are crucial for the progression of potential treatments. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is clinically relevant and the most frequently used surgical model of ischemic stroke in rodents. However, the outcomes of this model, such as lesion volume, are associated with high levels of variability, particularly in mice. The alternative MCAO model described here allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the increased perfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, using a tissue pad with fibrinogen-based sealant to repair the vessel, and the improved welfare of the mice by avoiding external carotid artery (ECA) ligation. This reduces the reliance on the Circle of Willis, which is known to be highly anatomically variable in mice. Representative data show that using this alternative surgical approach decreases the variability in lesion volumes between the traditional MCAO approach and the alternative approach described here.

Intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is the most frequently used in vivo model of experimental stroke in rodents. An alternative surgical approach to allow common carotid artery repair is performed here, which allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery and a full reperfusion to the middle cerebral artery territory.

颅内动脉闭塞允许经普通颈动脉修复再灌注的研究

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse model is useful for investigating the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and determining potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Variations in the anatomy of the circle of Willis of C57BL/6 mice affects their infarct volume after cerebral-ischemia-induced injury. Studies have indicated that distal MCA occlusion (MCAO) can overcome this problem and result in a stable infarct size. In this study, we establish a two-vessel occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interruption of the blood flow to the right MCA. We distally ligate the right MCA and right common carotid artery (CCA) and restore blood flow after a certain period of ischemia. This ischemia-reperfusion injury induces an infarct of stable size and a behavioral deficit. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the ischemic brain within the 24 h infiltration period. Additionally, the neuronal loss in the cortical area is less for a longer reperfusion duration. Therefore, this two-vessel occlusion model is suitable for investigating the immune response and neuronal recovery during the reperfusion period after cerebral ischemia.

A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is established to investigate the pathophysiology of stroke. We distally ligate the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery and restore blood flow after 10 or 40 min of ischemia.

脑缺血再灌注的双血管闭塞小鼠模型

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. To date, therapeutic options are limited to a small proportion of stroke patients within the first hours after stroke. Novel therapeutic strategies are being extensively investigated, especially to prolong the therapeutic time window. These current investigations include the study of important pathophysiological pathways after stroke, such as post-stroke inflammation, angiogenesis, neuronal plasticity, and regeneration. Over the last decade, there has been increasing concern about the poor reproducibility of experimental results and scientific findings among independent research groups. To overcome the so-called &#8220;replication crisis&#8221;, detailed standardized models for all procedures are urgently needed. As an effort within the &#8220;ImmunoStroke&#8221; research consortium (https://immunostroke.de/), a standardized mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) is proposed. This model allows the complete restoration of the blood flow upon removal of the filament, simulating the therapeutic or spontaneous clot lysis that occurs in a large proportion of human strokes. The surgical procedure of this &#8220;filament&#8221; stroke model and tools for its functional analysis are demonstrated in the accompanying video.

Different models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) are used in experimental stroke research. Here, an experimental stroke model of transient MCAo via the external carotid artery (ECA) is described, which aims to mimic human stroke, in which the cerebrovascular thrombus is removed due to spontaneous clot lysis or therapy.

模拟小鼠中风:通过颈外动脉的短暂性脑中动脉闭塞

Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. To date, therapeutic options ...

神经科学

A Model for Encephalomyosynangiosis Treatment after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Stroke in Mice

There is no effective treatment available for most patients suffering with ischemic stroke, making development of novel therapeutics imperative. The brain's ability to self-heal after ischemic stroke is limited by inadequate blood supply in the impacted area. Encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) is a neurosurgical procedure that achieves angiogenesis in patients with moyamoya disease. It involves craniotomy with placement of a vascular temporalis muscle graft on the ischemic brain surface. EMS has never been studied in the setting of acute ischemic stroke in mice. The hypothesis driving this study is that EMS enhances cerebral angiogenesis at the cortical surface surrounding the muscle graft. The protocol shown here describes the procedure and provides initial data supporting the feasibility and efficacy of the EMS approach. In this protocol, after 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), mice were randomized to either MCAo or MCAo + EMS treatment. The EMS was performed 3-4 h after occlusion. The mice were sacrificed 7 or 21 days after MCAo or MCAo + EMS treatment. Temporalis graft viability was measured using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced-tetrazolium reductase assay. A mouse angiogenesis array quantified angiogenic and neuromodulating protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize graft bonding with brain cortex and change in vessel density. The preliminary data here suggest that grafted muscle remained viable 21 days after EMS. Immunostaining showed successful graft implantation and increase in vessel density near the muscle graft, indicating increased angiogenesis. Data show that EMS increases fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and decreases osteopontin levels after stroke. Additionally, EMS after stroke did not increase mortality suggesting that protocol is safe and reliable. This novel procedure is effective and well-tolerated and has the potential to provide information of novel interventions for enhanced angiogenesis after acute ischemic stroke.

The protocol aims to provide methods for encephalomyosynangiosis-grafting of a vascular temporalis muscle flap on the pial surface of ischemic brain tissue-for the treatment of non-moyamoya acute ischemic stroke. The approach's efficacy in increasing angiogenesis is evaluated using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in mice.

小鼠脑中动脉闭塞诱导脑卒中后脑肌粘连血管病治疗模型

There is no effective treatment available for most patients suffering with ischemic stroke, making development of novel therapeutics imperative. The ...

建立经颅大脑中动脉闭塞小鼠模型

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice

In experimental stroke research, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an intraluminal filament is widely used to model ischemic stroke in mice. The filament MCAO model typically exhibits a massive cerebral infarction in C57Bl/6 mice that sometimes includes brain tissue in the territory supplied by the posterior cerebral artery, which is largely due to a high incidence of posterior communicating artery atresia. This phenomenon is considered a major contributor to the high mortality rate observed in C57Bl/6 mice during long-term stroke recovery after filament MCAO. Thus, many chronic stroke studies exploit distal MCAO models. However, these models usually produce infarction only in the cortex area, and consequently, the assessment of post-stroke neurologic deficits could be a challenge. This study has established a modified transcranial MCAO model in which the MCA at the trunk is partially occluded either permanently or transiently via a small cranial window. Since the occlusion location is relatively proximal to the origin of the MCA, this model generates brain damage in both the cortex and striatum. Extensive characterization of this model has demonstrated an excellent long-term survival rate, even in aged mice, as well as readily detectable neurologic deficits. Therefore, the MCAO mouse model described here represents a valuable tool for experimental stroke research.

作者聚焦:中风研究的创新技术和未来方向 

This protocol demonstrates a unique mouse stroke model with a medium-sized infarct and an excellent survival rate. This model allows preclinical stroke researchers to extend the ischemia duration, use aged mice, and assess long-term functional outcomes.

改进的经颅大脑中动脉闭塞模型研究老年小鼠脑卒中结局

In experimental stroke research, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an intraluminal filament is widely used to model ischemic stroke in mice. ...

对大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注损伤诱发中风小鼠的手术方法

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

建模在小鼠体内的行程 - 中东与灯丝模型大脑中动脉闭塞

大脑中动脉闭塞的小鼠模型

小鼠模型的腔内MCAO脑梗塞评价甲酚紫染色

缺血性中风和缺血再灌注小鼠的诱导使用梗塞区的中心动脉闭塞技术和可视化

颅内动脉闭塞允许经普通颈动脉修复再灌注的研究

脑缺血再灌注的双血管闭塞小鼠模型

模拟小鼠中风:通过颈外动脉的短暂性脑中动脉闭塞

小鼠脑中动脉闭塞诱导脑卒中后脑肌粘连血管病治疗模型

改进的经颅大脑中动脉闭塞模型研究老年小鼠脑卒中结局

改进的经颅大脑中动脉闭塞模型研究老年小鼠脑卒中结局