作者承认克劳迪奥Gerbaldi教授和Nerino Penazzi（都灵）借给干燥室。

1. 3克IMO营养素的合成<ol><li>在干燥的房间，并在室温下（RT）缓慢加入1.3毫升高氯酸的具有70％的质量分数187.7毫升的双蒸水制备80mM的高氯酸溶液。使用一个2000毫升烧杯中，就可以对连续的稀释液（步骤1.6）是有用的。 </li><li>在干燥室较小的烧杯中，混合8毫升铝-三- 仲丁醇（97％）的（ATSB;铝源）43,44和3.8毫升原硅酸四乙酯（98％）（TEOS的;源硅）中的Al摩尔比为:Si为2:1.1。使用刻度吸管测量试剂的体积。 </li><li>离开温和搅拌下的混合物1分钟，直到获得清晰的和均匀的混合物（没有任何悬浮固体颗粒）。 </li><li>后，立即用巴斯德移液管，滴将整个混合物加至的HClO 4的水溶液在搅拌下（最终摩尔比是硅:铝:的HClO 4 = 1.1:2:1）。通过将混合物加入到高氯酸水溶液，白色集群形成和pH升高到5。 </li><li>搅拌在室温下的最终混合物约18小时，直到获得透明溶液。 </li><li>在搅拌下，加入1.3升的双蒸水（用量筒测量）以稀释溶液至20mM相对于铝。搅拌约20分钟，所获得的20毫米的Al溶液。 </li><li>将混合物倒入一个聚四氟乙烯的高压釜（带厚壁），并在100℃的炉子内搁置4天不加搅拌。 </li><li> 4 d后，过滤清澈透明溶液（使用0.02微米的过滤器）收集的营养素，并用双蒸水冲洗，获得致密，透明的混合物。 </li><li>干在50-60℃下1天在火炉混合物。最终国际海事组织粉末具有白色。 </li></ol> 2.将3克的Fe-X-国际海事组织营养素的合成（具有或者0.70％或1.4％的Fe质量分数） <ol><li>在一个干燥室，通过缓慢加入1.3毫升高氯酸的具有70％的质量分数到187.7的双蒸水（pH = 1.0）毫升制备的HClO 4的80mM的溶液。使用一个2000毫升烧杯中，就可以对连续的稀释液（步骤2.6）是有用的。 </li><li>将0.1g 氯化铁•6H 2 O在高氯酸酸溶液获得的Fe-0.70-IMO营养素。 </li><li>滴加入8毫升ATSB的和3.8的TEOS毫升到含铁溶液。使用刻度吸管测量试剂卷。检查pH值等于4留在室温下搅拌18小时下的混合物。 </li><li> 18小时后，通过加入1.3升的双蒸水（用量筒测量）稀释所得的溶液至20mM在Al和搅拌1小时下进行维护。然后，倒密封的聚四氟乙烯反应釜（厚壁）内，在100℃的炉子内离开这4天。 </li><li>过滤溶液，洗净所得reddis<html> H-棕色用双蒸水粉末，并在50℃的烘箱中过夜干燥。 </li><li>为了制备铁- 1.4国际海事组织营养素，重复全部步骤以0.2克的FeCl 3•6H 2 O的</li></ol> 3.铁基-L-国际海事组织营养素的合成<ol><li>在15ml的双蒸水国际海事组织分散0.25克</li><li>添加0.025克的FeCl 3•6H 2 O的混合物（重量计算考虑稍微过量铁（III），氯化六水合物）。搅拌18小时下离开;后搅拌18小时，该混合物的颜色由黄色至红褐色变为指示铁氧代/氢氧化物物种的初步形成。 </li><li>加3.0毫升水和1.5毫升的 NH 4 OH溶液（33％的质量分数）中以沉淀全部的Fe 3+物种如氧代/氢氧化物。 </li><li>过滤混合物，用双蒸水洗涤得到的粉末，并在120℃下干燥它在炉子48小时。 </li></ol>TLE"&gt; 4。样品特性<ol><li>测定低角度的X射线衍射（XRD）的样品的图案，铣刀100毫克粉末在玛瑙研钵之前，将其存入上的样品架，并小心按下，以获得一个均匀的和光滑的表面。此处所报告的XRD图谱仪器参数在参考文献中详细介绍。 36。 </li><li>为了获得高分辨率的透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）显微照片，钢厂在玛瑙研钵10毫克的粉末。为了获得高分辨检查良好分散的样品，将研磨的粉末与覆盖有雷斯碳膜的Cu网格接触。 <ol><li>在为了只留下几粒与样品架静电相互作用轻轻晃动格栅去除多余的。避免在溶剂中的粉末，其可以修改NT安排分散。此报告高分辨透射电子显微镜测量的仪器参数，在文献中详细介绍。 36和39。 </li></ol></li><li>要确定的BET SSA（BrunauER-埃米特-特勒比表面积）和在表1中报告的孔体积值，测量在-196℃下的 N 2吸附/解吸等温线。测量前，脱气在250℃下将样品以除去水和其它大气污染物10，同时仍保留营养素6,14-16。器乐细节列于参考文献。 39。 </li><li>除气的粉末在连接到一个标准的真空帧（低于10 -3毫巴的残余压）的紫外-可见石英池中，并采取其漫反射率（DR）的UV-Vis光谱。的DR-UV-Vis光谱的仪器参数报道这里有文献详细介绍。 36。 注:有关电泳迁移率测量的实验和仪器详细报道见参考文献。 39。 </li><li> NaAO7吸附实验<ol><li>通过在容量瓶中加入双蒸水至0.047克NaAO7制得200毫升0.67毫NaAO7溶液。溶液的pH值应为6.80。 </l我&gt; <li>倒入50毫升溶液的暗瓶内，并添加50毫克国际海事组织（粉末浓度为1g / L）的。保持在实验过程中在搅拌下该溶液中。重复此步骤与其它粉末（粉末浓度为1g / L）。 </li><li>在规定的时间间隔（T:0秒，5分钟，10分钟，45分钟，2小时，5小时，24小时和72小时），在835 xg离心回收将5ml上清液离心3分钟。 </li><li>分析由传输UV-Vis光谱上清液在1毫米路径杯中。在水，AO7 -经历偶氮-腙互变异构，而腙形式是在固相稳定，如由图2b的UV-Vis光谱。确定AO7的量-通过测量腙形式的484纳米带强度的降低从溶液中取出，根据该文献38,39,41。 </li></ol></li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

为了获得成功，报道的协议必须认真遵守，因为形成营养素的严格依赖于合成条件。下面的步骤是关键的:在步骤1.2和2.3，稍过量的TEOS具有相对于所述的Si / Al的化学计量比例使用（ 即，TEOS:ATBS = 1.1:2）。过量的TEOS防止优先形成三水铝矿的氧化铝（Al（OH）3）和/或勃姆石（AIOOH）阶段46,47。 另一个关键的一点是ATBS的快速水解。为了防止这种情况，一个无?...

术语纳米管（NT）普遍使用的碳纳米管1，目前最深入研究的化学物之一相关联。少的已知的是，硅铝酸盐营养素也可合成2,3中，除了存在于自然界（主要在火山土）的事实。伊毛缟石（IMO）是水合硅铝酸盐与式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3的SiOH 4,5，外表面和非上发生的单壁NT与Al（OH）的Al和Al-O-Al系基在内层6相互作用的硅醇基（SiOH基）。关于几何形状，长度从几纳米变化到数百nm 3,5,7。内径为1.0纳米5恒定，而外径是〜天然国际海事组织2.0纳米，在100℃原料合成的样品增加至2.5-2.7纳米。在25℃下合成产生具有接近于天然国际海事组织代替8外径营养素。最近，已经显示，与二营养素fferent外部直径也可通过改变合成9中使用的酸制得。在干粉，IMO营养素聚集在近六边形包装（ 图1）包。营养素的这种阵列产生至三种孔10,11和相关的表面12。除了适当的内部管的孔（直径1.0纳米），小乙毛孔（0.3-0.4纳米宽）安装包中的三个对齐营养素之间发生，最后，更大的C语言的毛孔发生的束之间缝孔（ 图1 ）。两者的化学组成，孔隙尺寸影响的材料的吸附性能。一孔的表面是非常亲水性的，因为它们是与SiOH基衬，并且能够与蒸汽和气体像H 2 O，NH 3和CO 12相互作用。由于它们体积小，B毛孔都难以进入，甚至像水10,11小分子，但在C ++毛孔可以像酚较大的分子相互作用<s达&gt; 6和1,3,5-三乙12。阿马拉等人最近表明在密密麻麻束组织营养素的那hexagonalization与（伊毛缟石类似物）aluminogermate营养素13发生。这种现象，虽然至今没有与铝NT的观察，可能会影响到乙毛孔的可访问性为好。 国际海事组织相关化学兴趣最近增加，部分原因是由于改变两者的内和营养素的外表面的所述组合物的可能性。羟基的过多的存在使得国际海事组织热降解非常敏感，因为脱羟基300℃以上6,14-16发生与随之而来的NT的崩溃。 的内表面可以通过几种方法，其中包括的Si原子的取代与Ge原子17，这会导致单链或双壁18营养素与式（OH）3的Al 2的形成可以修改</suB&gt; O 3的Si 1-X个X OH 19。的有机官能后合成接枝导致形成营养素的与式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3的SiO-R，其中R是有机基团20。通过一锅合成中含有一个有机基团直接连接到硅原子，形成混合营养素形式的Si的前体，与式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3的Si-R（R = -CH 3，的存在下- （CH 2）3 -NH 2）21,22。 外表面的修饰是对伊毛缟石/聚合物复合材料23的制造极为兴趣并涉及任一静电相互作用或共价键合。前一种方法是基于营养素的外表面和适当抗衡离子（ 例如，十八烷基）24,25之间的电荷匹配;后一方法意味着预形成的反应IMO营养素和有机硅烷（例如 3氨基丙基硅烷）26。 在水，国际海事组织和离子之间的静电相互作用由于以下平衡27是可能的Al（OH）的Al + H + =的Al（OH 2）+人，（1） 的SiOH =氧化硅- + H +（2） 导致已在阴离子/阳离子保留从污染水28-32测试电荷的表面。 本工作的担忧尚未的外表面的另一变形（ 即，的（八面体的同构取代）的Al 3+为Fe 3+，以下简称为铝3+ / Fe的3+ IS）。这种现象在矿产的确常见，而很少有人知道关于Al 3+ / Fe的3+国际海事组织营养素。 关于兴奋剂，第一个问题是铁t时总量帽子可以用营养素不会造成严重的结构性株主办。对Fe掺杂海事组织开创性实验工作表明，营养素不以铁的质量分数高于1.4％，33形成。连续的理论计算表明，铁既可以同构代替铝或创建"有缺陷的部位"34。这样的缺陷 （ 即，铁氧-氢氧化物簇）理应从4.7电子伏特降低IMO的带隙（电绝缘体）34,35至2.0-1.4电子伏特34。因此，我们最近发现的Fe 3+的存在赋予固体与新的化学和固态性能，降低IMO的带隙（E G = 4.9电子伏特）至2.4-2.8伏特36。 对Fe-铝掺杂锗营养素，同构符合IMO最近的一份报告，表明实际的Al 3+ / Fe的3+ IS被限定为1.0％的Fe的质量分数，由于铁氧-氢氧化物的形成由于铁的自然趋势颗粒不可避免地出现在较高的Fe含量形成聚集体37。类似的结果用Fe掺杂国际海事组织营养素33,36,38-40获得。 从科学的角度，铁和以Fe掺杂的国际海事组织其可能反应性和吸附性能的状态的判定是需要几个表征技术的一个重要问题。 在这项工作中，我们报道Fe掺杂IMO的合成与表征。两个样品与通过直接合成（铁的x IMO）或合成后加载（铁基-L- IMO）1.4％的Fe的质量分数合成;通过直接合成，以避免簇的形成，并且获得在其中发生大部分的Al 3+ / Fe的3+的材料，得到具有较低的铁含量（对应于0.70％的质量分数）的第三样品。在这种情况下，营养素的形成与化学式（OH）3 </sub&gt;铝1.975 0.025的Fe O 3的SiOH的预期。三Fe掺杂的形态和结构特性IMO是IMO相比，那些适当的。此外，有关的Fe（OH）的Al基团通过测量ζ电位和对偶氮染料的（膨松）阴离子酸性橙7（NaAO7），偶氮染料的模型分子的相互作用的研究中水的表面特性，这两者都是废水和地下水41的污染物一类重要的AO7 -结构和分子尺寸示于图2a中 ，用UV-Vis光谱沿（ 图2b）一个0.67毫米水溶液（天然pH值= 6.8） 。由于其分子尺寸42， AO7 -物种应主要与营养素的外表面相互作用，从而限制寄生相互作用可能从扩散导出国际海事组织内孔之内，所以它可以被用来作为外表面的探针分子。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Perchloric Acid (70%) puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, 70% (T)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich (Fluka)</td><td>77230</td><td>Toxic. Use face shield and respirator filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum-tri-&lt;em&gt;sec&lt;/em&gt;-butoxide 97%</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>201073</td><td>Skin and eye irritation. Use eye and face shields and respirator filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Tetraethyl orthosilicate (reagent grade 98%)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>131903</td><td>Toxic. Skin and eye irritation. Use eye and face shields and respirator filter.</td></tr><tr><td>Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate ACS reagent, 97%</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>236489</td><td>Toxic and corrosive. Use eye and face shields and gloves.</td></tr><tr><td>Orange II Sodium salt for microscopy (Hist.), indicator (pH 11.0-13.0)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich (Fluka)</td><td>75370</td><td>Skin and eye irritation. Use gloves and dust mask.</td></tr></tbody></table>

synthesis and characterization of fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes with enhanced electron conductive properties

该协议的目的是合成的伊毛缟石型与式（OH）3 的 Al 2-X的Fe×○3 SiOH基的Fe掺杂硅铝酸盐碳纳米管。掺Fe的目的在于降低伊毛缟石的带隙，与化学式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3 SiOH基绝缘体，并且在朝向偶氮染料，一类重要的两个废水和地下水的有机污染物的修改其吸附性能。 Fe掺杂碳纳米管以两种方式获得:通过直接合成，其中的FeCl 3加入到Si和Al前驱物的含水混合物，并通过合成后装载，其中预形成的纳米管被置于接触带的FeCl 3•6H 2 O水溶液。在这两种合成方法，铝的同构替代3+铁3+时，保留了纳米管结构。同构取代确实限制为质量分数的〜1.0％的Fe，因为在较高的Fe含量（ 即，1.4％的Fe质量分数） 的 Fe 2 O 3的簇形成，特别是当装载过程被采用。材料的物理化学性质是由X射线粉末衍射（XRD），在-196℃，高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM），漫反射率（DR）的UV-Vis光谱，N 2吸附等温线和等方法研究ζ电位测量。最相关的结果是在预先形成的伊毛缟石替换的Al 3+离子（位于纳米管的外表面上）以合成后负荷而不会扰动期间碳纳米管形成发生微妙水解平衡的可能性。在装载过程中，阴离子交换发生，其中所述纳米管的外表面上的Al 3+离子的Fe 3+离子代替。在Fe掺杂碳纳米管铝，铝的同构替代3+铁3+我作者发现影响掺杂伊毛缟石的带隙。然而，铁3+纳米管的外表面上的网站都能够协调有机部分，如偶氮染料酸性橙7，通过在水溶液中存在的配体-位移机构。

关于国际海事组织和合成Fe掺杂国际海事组织营养素，最相关的问题是:i）营养素的形成，特别是在通过直接合成的Fe掺杂; ⅱ）在最终材料的Fe物种的实际环境;和iii）铁的材料的物理化学性质，特别是其带隙和其吸附性能的影响。铁在营养素的外表面的存在的确预期修改营养素和吸附物物种之间的相互作用，特别是在水的解决方案。上述方面具有由多个表征技术来评估。 D...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties at JoVE.com

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

在这里，我们提出了一个协议，以合成和表征Fe掺杂碳纳米管铝。该材料是由任一溶胶-凝胶合成在加入的FeCl 3•6H 2 O为向含有Si和Al前驱物的混合物或通过预先形成的硅铝酸盐碳纳米管的合成后的离子交换获得。

以增强电子导电性能的合成与表征Fe掺杂碳纳米管硅铝的

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

synthesis-characterization-fe-doped-aluminosilicate-nanotubes-with

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.2K 次观看.  Politecnico di Torino. 在这里，我们提出了一个协议，以合成和表征Fe掺杂碳纳米管铝。该材料是由任一溶胶-凝胶合成在加入的FeCl 3•6H 2 O为向含有Si和Al前驱物的混合物或通过预先形成的硅铝酸盐碳纳米管的合成后的离子交换获得。 

视频: Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

的模板导演电浆黄金纳米管的合成与可调谐红外吸收

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

科研

化学

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes consist of many cup-shaped graphitic compartments termed as nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs). These as-synthesized graphitic nanocups from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were stacked in a head-to-tail fashion held only through noncovalent interactions. Individual NCNCs can be isolated out of their stacking structure through a series of chemical and physical separation processes. First, as-synthesized NCNCs were oxidized in a mixture of strong acids to introduce oxygen-containing defects on the graphitic walls. The oxidized NCNCs were then processed using high-intensity probe-tip sonication which effectively separated the stacked NCNCs into individual graphitic nanocups. Owing to their abundant oxygen and nitrogen surface functionalities, the resulted individual NCNCs are highly hydrophilic and can be effectively functionalized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which preferentially fit in the opening of the cups as cork stoppers. These graphitic nanocups corked with GNPs may find promising applications as nanoscale containers and drug carriers.

We discussed the synthesis of individual graphitic nanocups using a series of techniques including chemical vapor deposition, acid oxidation and probe-tip sonication. By citrate reduction of HAuCl4, the graphitic nanocups were effectively corked with gold nanoparticles due to the chemically reactive edges of the cups.

黄金纳米粒子作为软木塞氮掺杂碳纳米管杯的合成与功能构造

Nitrogen-doped carbon  nanotubes consist of many cup-shaped graphitic compartments termed as  nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs).  These ...

工程学

Ultrahigh Density Array of Vertically Aligned Small-molecular Organic Nanowires on Arbitrary Substrates

In recent years &pi;-conjugated organic semiconductors have emerged as the active material in a number of diverse applications including large-area, low-cost displays, photovoltaics, printable and flexible electronics and organic spin valves. Organics allow (a) low-cost, low-temperature processing and (b) molecular-level design of electronic, optical and spin transport characteristics. Such features are not readily available for mainstream inorganic semiconductors, which have enabled organics to carve a niche in the silicon-dominated electronics market. The first generation of organic-based devices has focused on thin film geometries, grown by physical vapor deposition or solution processing. However, it has been realized that organic nanostructures can be used to enhance performance of above-mentioned applications and significant effort has been invested in exploring methods for organic nanostructure fabrication.	
A particularly interesting class of organic nanostructures is the one in which vertically oriented organic nanowires, nanorods or nanotubes are organized in a well-regimented, high-density array. Such structures are highly versatile and are ideal morphological architectures for various applications such as chemical sensors, split-dipole nanoantennas, photovoltaic devices with radially heterostructured "core-shell" nanowires, and memory devices with a cross-point geometry. Such architecture is generally realized by a template-directed approach. In the past this method has been used to grow metal and inorganic semiconductor nanowire arrays. More recently &pi;-conjugated polymer nanowires have been grown within nanoporous templates. However, these approaches have had limited success in growing nanowires of technologically important &pi;-conjugated small molecular weight organics, such as tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3), rubrene and methanofullerenes, which are commonly used in diverse areas including organic displays, photovoltaics, thin film transistors and spintronics.	
Recently we have been able to address the above-mentioned issue by employing a novel "centrifugation-assisted" approach. This method therefore broadens the spectrum of organic materials that can be patterned in a vertically ordered nanowire array. Due to the technological importance of Alq3, rubrene and methanofullerenes, our method can be used to explore how the nanostructuring of these materials affects the performance of aforementioned organic devices. The purpose of this article is to describe the technical details of the above-mentioned protocol, demonstrate how this process can be extended to grow small-molecular organic nanowires on arbitrary substrates and finally, to discuss the critical steps, limitations, possible modifications, trouble-shooting and future applications.

We report a simple method for fabricating an ultrahigh density array of vertically ordered small-molecular organic nanowires. This method allows for synthesis of complex heterostructured hybrid nanowire geometries, which can be inexpensively grown on arbitrary substrates. These structures have potential applications in organic electronics, optoelectronics, chemical sensing, photovoltaics and spintronics.

超高密度垂直对齐的任意基质的小分子有机纳米线阵列

In  recent years &pi;-conjugated  organic semiconductors have emerged as the active material in a number of  diverse applications including large-area, ...

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

When a chemical fuel at a certain position in a hybrid composite of the fuel and a micro/nanostructured material is ignited, chemical combustion occurs along the interface between the fuel and core materials. Simultaneously, dynamic changes in thermal and chemical potentials across the micro/nanostructured materials result in concomitant electrical energy generation induced by charge transfer in the form of a high-output voltage pulse. We demonstrate the entire procedure of a thermopower wave experiment, from synthesis to evaluation. Thermal chemical vapor deposition and the wet impregnation process are respectively employed for the synthesis of a multi-walled carbon nanotube array and a hybrid composite of picric acid/sodium azide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The prepared hybrid composites are used to fabricate a thermopower wave generator with connecting electrodes. The combustion of the hybrid composite is initiated by laser heating or Joule-heating, and the corresponding combustion propagation, direct electrical energy generation, and real-time temperature changes are measured using a high-speed microscopy system, an oscilloscope, and an optical pyrometer, respectively. Furthermore, the crucial strategies to be adopted in the synthesis of hybrid composite and initiation of their combustion that enhance the overall thermopower wave energy transfer are proposed.

A protocol for conducting thermopower wave experiments is presented. The synthesis of hybrid composites of a chemical fuel and micro/nanostructured material, manufacturing of a thermopower wave generator, and methods for measuring the corresponding physical phenomena are described.

化学燃料和多壁碳纳米管的混杂复合材料的热电波的研究准备和评估

When a chemical fuel at a certain position in a hybrid composite of the fuel and a micro/nanostructured material is ignited, chemical combustion occurs ...

Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Aluminum Hydroxide Particles with or without Mesoporous MCM-41 in Ambient Environments

An aqueous suspension of nanogibbsite was synthesized via the titration of aluminum aqua acid [Al(H2O)6]3+ with L-arginine to pH 4.6. Since the hydrolysis of aqueous aluminum salts is known to produce a wide array of products with a wide range of size distributions, a variety of state-of-the-art instruments (i.e., 27Al/1H NMR, FTIR, ICP-OES, TEM-EDX, XPS, XRD, and BET) were used to characterize the synthesis products and identification of byproducts. The product, which was comprised of nanoparticles (10-30 nm), was isolated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column technique. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) identified the purified material as the gibbsite polymorph of aluminum hydroxide. The addition of inorganic salts (e.g., NaCl) induced electrostatic destabilization of the suspension, thereby agglomerating the nanoparticles to yield Al(OH)3 precipitate with large particle sizes. By utilizing the novel synthetic method described here, Al(OH)3 was partially loaded inside the highly ordered mesoporous framework of MCM-41, with average pore dimensions of 2.7 nm, producing an aluminosilicate material with both octahedral and tetrahedral Al (Oh/Td = 1.4). The total Al content, measured using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), was 11% w/w with a Si/Al molar ratio of 2.9. A comparison of bulk EDX with surface X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) elemental analysis provided insight into the distribution of Al within the aluminosilicate material. Furthermore, a higher ratio of Si/Al was observed on the external surface (3.6) as compared to the bulk (2.9). Approximations of O/Al ratios suggest a higher concentration of Al(O)3 and Al(O)4 groups near the core and external surface, respectively. The newly developed synthesis of Al-MCM-41 yields a relatively high Al content while maintaining the integrity of the ordered silica framework and can be used for applications where hydrated or anhydrous Al2O3 nanoparticles are advantageous.

An ultrafine aluminum hydroxide nanoparticle suspension was prepared via the controlled titration of [Al(H2O)]3+ with L-arginine to pH 4.6 with and without cage-effect confinement within mesoporous channels of MCM-41.

在环境环境中制备具有或不具有介孔MCM-41的超细氢氧化铝颗粒

An aqueous suspension of nanogibbsite was synthesized via the titration of aluminum aqua acid [Al(H2O)6]3+ with L-arginine to pH 4.6. Since the hydrolysis ...

Precision Milling of Carbon Nanotube Forests Using Low Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

A nanoscale fabrication technique appropriate for milling carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is described. The technique utilizes an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) operating with a low pressure water vapor ambient. In this technique, a portion of the electron beam interacts with the water vapor in the vicinity of the CNT sample, dissociating the water molecules into hydroxyl radicals and other species by radiolysis. The remainder of the electron beam interacts with the CNT forest sample, making it susceptible to oxidation from the chemical products of radiolysis. This technique may be used to trim a selected region of an individual CNT, or it may be used to remove hundreds of cubic microns of material by adjusting ESEM parameters. The machining resolution is similar to the imaging resolution of the ESEM itself. The technique produces only small quantities of carbon residue along the boundaries of the cutting zone, with minimal effect on the native structural morphology of the CNT forest.

Low pressure scanning electron microscopy in a water vapor ambient is used to machine nanoscale to microscale features in carbon nanotube forests.

碳纳米管森林精密铣床使用低压扫描电子显微镜

A nanoscale fabrication technique appropriate for milling carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is described. The technique utilizes an environmental scanning ...

Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

This work demonstrates a protocol to fabricate a fiber-based photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells, consisting of a light-scattering layer made of electrospun titanium dioxide nanofibers (TiO2-NFs) on top of a blocking layer made of commercially available titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). This is achieved by first electrospinning a solution of titanium (IV) butoxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and glacial acetic acid in ethanol to obtain composite PVP/TiO2 nanofibers. These are then calcined at 500 &#176;C to remove the PVP and to obtain pure anatase-phase titania nanofibers. This material is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoanode is prepared by first creating a blocking layer through the deposition of a TiO2-NPs/terpineol slurry on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass slide using doctor blading techniques. A subsequent thermal treatment is performed at 500 &#176;C. Then, the light-scattering layer is formed by depositing a TiO2-NFs/terpineol slurry on the same slide, using the same technique, and calcinating again at 500 &#176;C. The performance of the photoanode is tested by fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell and measuring its efficiency through J-V curves under a range of incident light densities, from 0.25-1 Sun.

The overall goal of this project was to use electrospinning to fabricate a photoanode with improved performance for dye-sensitized solar cells.

染料敏化太阳能电池的光催化电极的电纺丝

This work demonstrates a protocol to fabricate a fiber-based photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells, consisting of a light-scattering layer made of ...

Growth of Gold Dendritic Nanoforests on Titanium Nitride-coated Silicon Substrates

In this study, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering system is used to coat a flat and firm titanium nitride (TiN) film on silicon (Si) wafers, and a fluoride-assisted galvanic replacement reaction (FAGRR) is employed for the rapid and easy deposition of gold dendritic nanoforests (Au DNFs) on the TiN/Si substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy patterns of TiN/Si and Au DNFs/TiN/Si samples validate that the synthesis process is accurately controlled. Under the reaction conditions in this study, the thickness of the Au DNFs increases linearly to 5.10 &#177; 0.20 &#181;m within 15 min of the reaction. Therefore, the employed synthesis procedure is a simple and rapid approach for preparing Au DNFs/TiN/Si composites.

This study presents a feasible procedure for synthesizing gold dendritic nanoforests on titanium nitride/silicon substrates. The thickness of gold dendritic nanoforests increases linearly within 15 min of a synthesis reaction.

氮化钛涂层硅基板上金石榴石的生长

In this study, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering system is used to coat a flat and firm titanium nitride (TiN) film on silicon (Si) wafers, and a ...

Iron Nanowire Fabrication by Nano-Porous Anodized Aluminum and its Characterization

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and data storage. We demonstrate a fabrication method for iron (Fe) nanowires&#160;via electrochemical deposition into anodic&#160;alumina oxide (AAO) templates. The templates are fabricated by anodization of aluminum (Al) discs, and the pore length and diameter are controlled by changing the anodizing conditions. Pores with an average diameter of around 120 nm are created using oxalic acid as the electrolyte. Using this method, cylindrical nanowires are synthesized, which are released by dissolving the alumina using a selective chemical etchant.

In this work, we describe a&#160;protocol to fabricate iron nanowires, including the formation of the porous alumina membrane that is used as the template, electrodeposition into templates using electrolyte solution, and the release of the nanowires into the solution.

纳米孔阳极氧化铝的铁纳米线制造及其特性

Magnetic nanowires possess unique properties that have attracted the interest of different fields of research, including basic physics, biomedicine, and ...

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

A method for facile synthesis of nanostructured catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes with atomically dispersed cobalt and nitrogen dopant is presented herein. The novel strategy is based on a facile one-pot pyrolysis treatment of cobalt (II) acetylacetonate and nitrogen-rich organic precursors under Ar atmosphere at 800 &#176;C, resulting in the formation of Co- and N- co-doped carbon nanotube with earthworm-like morphology. The obtained catalyst was found to have a high density of defect sites, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Here, cobalt (II) nanoparticles were stabilized on the atomically dispersed cobalt- and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The catalyst was confirmed to be effective in the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane, in which the turnover frequency was 5.87 mol H2&#183;molCo-1&#183;min-1, and the specific hydrogen generation rate was determined to be 2447 mL H2&#183;gCo-1&#183;min-1. A synergistic function between the Co nanoparticle and the doped carbon nanotubes was proposed for the first time in the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane reaction under a mild condition. The resulting hydrogen production with its high energy density and minimal refueling time could be suitable for future development as energy sources for mobile and stationary applications such as road trucks and forklifts in transport and logistics.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize Co nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes with Co- and N- dopants for hydrogen productions.

碳纳米管负载掺杂Co和N原子金属纳米粒子的合成及其在制氢中的催化应用

A method for facile synthesis of nanostructured catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes with atomically dispersed cobalt and nitrogen dopant is presented ...