Name: tactile vibrating toolkit and driving simulation platform for driving-related research
Uploaded: 2020-12-18T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 15 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research at JoVE.com

该项目由北京人才基金会赞助。

提交人没有宣布财务披露或利益冲突。

驾驶模拟平台和振动工具包合理模仿了潜在可穿戴振动装置在现实生活中的应用，为研究驾驶相关研究提供了有效的技术。使用这项技术后，现在可以进行与实际驾驶相媲美的研究，提供高可配置性和可负担性的安全实验环境。
有几个步骤需要更多关注。首先，在使用"expconfig.txt"的配置过程中，研究人员应确保在进行实际实验之前将训练模式设置为错误，以关闭专为练习驾?...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61408">Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research</a>. The Authors section was&#160;updated.
Ao Zhu1 
Annebella Tsz Ho Choi1 
Ko-Hsuan Ma1 
Shi Cao2 
Han Yao1 
Jian Wu3 
Jibo He4,1 
1Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University 
2Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 
3Haier Innovation Design Center, Haier Company 
4Psychology Department, School of Education and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
to:
Ao Zhu1 
Annebella Tsz Ho Choi1 
Ko-Hsuan Ma1 
Shi Cao2 
Han Yao1 
Jian Wu3 
Jibo He1 
1Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University 
2Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo 
3Haier Innovation Design Center, Haier Company

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/61408">Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research</a>. The Authors section was&#160;updated.

Erratum: Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research

根据《2016年全球卫生估计》公布的数据，交通伤害是全球死亡的第八大原因，导致全球140万人死亡。2018年，39.2%的交通事故是与运输中的机动车相撞，7.2%是后端碰撞。提高车辆和道路安全的解决方案是开发先进的驾驶辅助系统 （ADAS），以警告有潜在危险的驾驶员。数据表明，ADAS可以大大降低后端碰撞的速度，而且配备自动制动系统2更有效。此外，随着自动驾驶汽车的发展，控制车辆需要较少的人为参与，因此，当自动驾驶车辆无法自我调节时，必须实施接管请求 （TOR） 警告系统。ADAS 和 TOR 报警系统的设计现在是驾驶员在几秒钟内避免即将发生的事故的重要技术。示例实验使用振动工具包和驾驶模拟平台，以调查当振动警告系统被用作潜在的 ADAS 和 TOR 警告系统时，哪个位置将产生最佳结果。
按感性通道分类，通常有三种类型的警告方式，即视觉、听觉和触觉。每个警告方式都有其自身的优点和局限性。当视觉警告系统在使用时，司机可能会遭受视觉超载3，由于漫不经心的失明4，5损害驾驶性能。虽然听觉警告系统不会影响驾驶员的视觉领域，但其有效性在很大程度上取决于周围环境，如背景音乐和驾驶环境中的其他噪音。因此，包含其他外部听觉信息或显著噪音的情况可能导致漫不经心的耳聋8、9，从而降低听觉警告系统的有效性。相比之下，触觉警告系统与驾驶员的视觉或听觉处理不相竞争。通过向驾驶员发送振动警告，触觉警告系统克服了视觉和听觉警告系统的局限性。
先前的研究表明，触觉警告可以通过缩短制动响应时间使驾驶员受益。还发现，在某些情况下，触觉警告系统比视觉10、11和听觉12、13、14预警系统产生更有效的结果。然而，有限的研究侧重于研究放置触觉警告装置的最佳位置。根据感官皮层假说15和感官距离假说16，范例研究选择手指、手腕和寺庙区域作为放置触觉警告装置的实验地点。通过引入的协议，振动警告的频率和传递时间，以及振动工具包振动之间的间隔，可以配置以适应实验要求。这个振动工具包包括主芯片、电压调节器芯片、多路复用器、晶体管-晶体管-逻辑（TTL）适配器USB、金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）和蓝牙模块。振动模块的数量也会根据研究人员的需求而变化，最多有四个模块同时振动。在驾驶相关实验中实施振动工具包时，可以通过修订驾驶模拟代码来配置以适应实验设置并与驾驶性能数据同步。
而对于研究人员来说，由于涉及的风险和成本，在虚拟平台上进行驾驶实验比在现实世界中更可行。例如，收集绩效指标可能很困难，在现实世界中进行实验时很难控制所涉及的环境因素。因此，近年来，许多研究都使用在个人电脑上运行的固定基础驾驶模拟器作为进行公路驾驶研究的替代方案。在驾驶研究界学习、开发和研究超过 11 年之后，我们建立了一个驾驶模拟平台，它包含一个开源驾驶模拟软件和硬件套件，包括方向盘和变速箱、三个踏板、三个安装投影仪和三个投影仪屏幕。由于驾驶模拟软件仅支持单个屏幕，所呈现的协议仅使用中央投影仪和投影仪屏幕进行实验。
使用呈现的驾驶模拟平台有两个主要优点。此平台的一个优点是它使用开源软件。使用用户友好的开源平台，研究人员可以定制模拟和振动工具包，以满足他们独特的研究需求，无需任何代码开发的简单软件配置。通过修订代码，研究人员可以创建驾驶模拟，提供相对保真到现实与汽车类型，道路类型，方向盘的阻力，横向和纵向风湍流，时间和制动事件应用程序接口 （ABI） 外部软件同步，并实现行为范式，如汽车跟随任务和 N-Back 任务。虽然在驾驶模拟器中进行与驾驶相关的研究不能完全复制现实世界中的驾驶，但通过驾驶模拟器收集的数据是合理的，并已被研究人员广泛采用。
建议的驾驶模拟器的另一个优点是成本低。如前所述，引入的驾驶模拟软件是一种开源软件，可供用户免费使用。此外，与典型的高保真商用驾驶模拟器相比，此协议中整个硬件设置的总成本较低。图 1 a 和 b 显示了两个驾驶模拟器的完整设置，费用从 3000 美元到 30000 美元不等。相比之下，典型的高保真商用驾驶模拟器（固定基座）通常成本在 10，000 到 100，000 美元之间。这种驾驶模拟器价格实惠，不仅供学术研究之用，而且可用于驾驶课程19和驾驶相关技术20、21的演示。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61408/61408fig1v2.jpg"> 图1:驾驶模拟器的图像。两个驾驶模拟器包括方向盘和变速箱、三个踏板和一辆车。（a） 使用分辨率为 3840 × 2160 的 80 英寸 LCD 屏幕的 3000 美元驾驶模拟器设置。（b） 一个价值 30000 美元的驾驶模拟器设置，使用三台安装投影仪和三台投影仪屏幕，每个屏幕的尺寸为 223 x 126 厘米。投影屏幕放置在离地面60厘米和22厘米远的车辆前部。当前实验只使用了中央投影仪和投影仪屏幕。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/61408/61408fig1v2large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击这里查看此数字的较大版本。</a>
驾驶模拟软件和振动工具包在建议的方法已经用于以前的研究，我们的研究人员22，23，24，25，26，27，28，29。这种按照ISO标准30自行开发的振动工具包可以通过调整振动频率和强度应用于不同的字段31、32。需要注意的是，振动工具包的新版本已经开发并引入以下协议中。较新的版本没有使用可调电压适配器调整振动频率，而是配备了五种不同的振动频率，并且可以使用补充编码文件 1中提供的代码进行更轻松的调整。此外，所展示的驾驶模拟器为研究人员提供了一种安全、廉价和有效的方法来研究各种与驾驶相关的研究。因此，此协议适用于预算有限且极需定制实验驾驶环境的研究实验室。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Logitech G29</td><td>Logitech</td><td>941-000114</td><td>Steering wheel and pedals</td></tr><tr><td>Projector screens</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>The projector screen for showing the simulation enivronemnt.</td></tr><tr><td>Epson CB-700U Laser WUXGA Education Ultra Short Focus Interactive Projector</td><td>EPSON</td><td>V11H878520W</td><td>The projector model for generating the display of the simlution enivronment.</td></tr><tr><td>The Open Racing Car Simulator (TORCS)</td><td>-</td><td>None</td><td>Driving simulation software. The original creators are Eric Espi&amp;eacute; and Christophe Guionneau, and the version used in experiment is modified by Cao, Shi.</td></tr><tr><td>Tactile toolkit</td><td>Hao Xing Tech.</td><td>None</td><td>This is used to initiate warnings to the participants.</td></tr><tr><td>Connecting program (Python)</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>This is used to connect the TORCS with the tactile toolkit to send the vibrating instruction.</td></tr><tr><td>G*power</td><td>Heinrich-Heine-Universit&amp;auml;t D&amp;uuml;sseldorf</td><td>None</td><td>This software is used to calculate the required number of participants.</td></tr></tbody></table>

tactile vibrating toolkit and driving simulation platform for driving-related research

碰撞警告系统在防止驾驶分心和昏昏欲睡驾驶方面发挥着关键作用。先前的研究已经证明了触觉警告在减少驾驶员制动响应时间方面的优势。同时，在部分自动驾驶车辆的接管请求 （TOR） 中，触觉警告已被证明是有效的。
如何优化触觉警告的性能是该领域的一个持续热门研究课题。因此，引入了低成本驾驶模拟软件和方法，以吸引更多的研究人员参与调查。提交的协议分为五个部分:1）参与者，2）驾驶模拟软件配置，3）驾驶模拟器准备，4）振动工具包配置和准备，5）进行实验。
在范例研究中，参与者佩戴触觉振动工具包，使用定制的驾驶模拟软件执行既定的汽车跟踪任务。前车间歇性刹车，每当前车刹车时都会发出振动警告。参与者被指示对前车的突然刹车做出尽可能快的反应。用于数据分析的模拟软件记录了驾驶动态，如制动响应时间和制动响应速率。
所提交的协议提供了对触觉警告在不同身体位置的有效性的探索的见解。除了在示例实验中演示的汽车跟随任务外，此协议还提供了选项，通过在无需任何代码开发的情况下进行简单的软件配置，将其他范式应用于驾驶模拟研究。然而，重要的是要注意，由于其负担得起的价格，这里推出的驾驶模拟软件和硬件可能无法与其他高保真商业驾驶模拟器充分竞争。然而，该协议可以作为一个负担得起的和用户友好的替代一般高保真商业驾驶模拟器。

本文报道的这一范例研究使用驾驶模拟器和振动工具包执行了汽车跟踪任务，该工具包此前也发表在学术期刊22上。值得注意的是，振动工具包的旧版本是在进行例证研究时使用的，而上述协议中引入了振动工具包的新版本。这项研究是一个主题内的设计实验，振动警告位置是唯一的因素:手指，手腕，寺庙警告条件，和驾驶只条件作为控制。每个条件包括13个随机制动事件，导?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research at JoVE.com

Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research

此协议描述了一个驾驶模拟平台和一个触觉振动工具包，用于驾驶相关研究的调查。还提出了一个探索触觉警告有效性的范例实验。

触觉振动工具包和驾驶模拟平台，用于驾驶相关研究

Collision warning system plays a key role in the prevention of driving distractions and drowsy driving. Previous studies have proven the advantages of ...

tactile-vibrating-toolkit-driving-simulation-platform-for-driving

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

4.4K 次观看.  Tsinghua University. 此协议描述了一个驾驶模拟平台和一个触觉振动工具包，用于驾驶相关研究的调查。还提出了一个探索触觉警告有效性的范例实验。

视频: Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research

Haptic/Graphic Rehabilitation: Integrating a Robot into a Virtual Environment Library and Applying it to Stroke Therapy

Recent research that tests interactive devices for prolonged therapy practice has revealed new prospects for robotics combined with graphical and other forms of biofeedback. Previous human-robot interactive systems have required different software commands to be implemented for each robot leading to unnecessary developmental overhead time each time a new system becomes available. For example, when a haptic/graphic virtual reality environment has been coded for one specific robot to provide haptic feedback, that specific robot would not be able to be traded for another robot without recoding the program. However, recent efforts in the open source community have proposed a wrapper class approach that can elicit nearly identical responses regardless of the robot used. The result can lead researchers across the globe to perform similar experiments using shared code. Therefore modular "switching out"of one robot for another would not affect development time. In this paper, we outline the successful creation and implementation of a wrapper class for one robot into the open-source H3DAPI, which integrates the software commands most commonly used by all robots.

Recently, a vast amount of prospects have come available for human-robot interactive systems. In this paper we outline the integration of a new robotic device with open source software that can rapidly make possible a library of interactive functionality. We then outline a clinical application for a neurorehabilitation application.

触觉/图形康复：整合成一个虚拟的环境下图书馆的机器人，它应用于中风治疗

Recent research that tests interactive devices for prolonged therapy practice has revealed new prospects for robotics combined with graphical and other ...

科研

生物工程

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Tests that allow the precise determination of psychophysical thresholds for vibration and grating orientation provide valuable information about mechanosensory function that are relevant for clinical diagnosis as well as for basic research. Here, we describe two psychophysical tests designed to determine the vibration detection threshold (automated system) and tactile spatial acuity (handheld device). Both procedures implement a two-interval forced-choice and a transformed-rule up and down experimental paradigm. These tests have been used to obtain mechanosensory profiles for individuals from distinct human cohorts such as twins or people with sensorineural deafness.

Here, we present protocols to determine vibration detection thresholds and tactile acuity using psychophysical methods in man.

振动检测阈值和触觉敏锐的空间在人类受试者的测量

Tests that allow the precise determination of psychophysical thresholds for vibration and grating orientation provide valuable information about ...

行为学

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

For slender and lightweight structures, vibration serviceability is a matter of growing concern, often constituting the critical design requirement. With designs governed by the dynamic performance under human-induced loads, a strong demand exists for the verification and refinement of currently available load models. The present contribution uses a 3D inertial motion tracking technique for the characterization of the in-field pedestrian behavior. The technique is first tested in laboratory experiments with simultaneous registration of the corresponding ground reaction forces. The experiments include walking persons as well as rhythmical human activities such as jumping and bobbing. It is shown that the registered motion allows for the identification of the time variant pacing rate of the activity. Together with the weight of the person and the application of generalized force models available in literature, the identified time-variant pacing rate allows to characterize the human-induced loads. In addition, time synchronization among the wireless motion trackers allows identifying the synchronization rate among the participants. Subsequently, the technique is used on a real footbridge where both the motion of the persons and the induced structural vibrations are registered. It is shown how the characterized in-field pedestrian behavior can be applied to simulate the induced structural response. It is demonstrated that the in situ identified pacing rate and synchronization rate constitute an essential input for the simulation and verification of the human-induced loads. The main potential applications of the proposed methodology are the estimation of human-structure interaction phenomena and the development of suitable models for the correlation among pedestrians in real traffic conditions.

A protocol is presented for the characterization of the in-field pedestrian behavior and the simulation of the resulting structural response. Field-tests demonstrate that the in situ identified pacing rate and synchronization rate among the participants constitute an essential input for the simulation and verification of the human-induced loads.

基于该特征场行人行为人类引起的振动模拟

For slender and lightweight structures, vibration serviceability is a matter of growing concern, often constituting the critical design requirement. With ...

工程学

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Patients suffering from homonymous hemianopia after infarction of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) report different degrees of constraint in daily life, despite similar visual deficits. We assume this could be due to variable development of compensatory strategies such as altered visual scanning behavior. Scanning compensatory therapy (SCT) is studied as part of the visual training after infarction next to vision restoration therapy. SCT consists of learning to make larger eye movements into the blind field enlarging the visual field of search, which has been proven to be the most useful strategy1, not only in natural search tasks but also in mastering daily life activities2. Nevertheless, in clinical routine it is difficult to identify individual levels and training effects of compensatory behavior, since it requires measurement of eye movements in a head unrestrained condition. Studies demonstrated that unrestrained head movements alter the visual exploratory behavior compared to a head-restrained laboratory condition3. Martin et al.4 and Hayhoe et al.5 showed that behavior demonstrated in a laboratory setting cannot be assigned easily to a natural condition. Hence, our goal was to develop a study set-up which uncovers different compensatory oculomotor strategies quickly in a realistic testing situation: Patients are tested in the clinical environment in a driving simulator. SILAB software (Wuerzburg Institute for Traffic Sciences GmbH (WIVW)) was used to program driving scenarios of varying complexity and recording the driver's performance. The software was combined with a head mounted infrared video pupil tracker, recording head- and eye-movements (EyeSeeCam, University of Munich Hospital, Clinical Neurosciences).
The positioning of the patient in the driving simulator and the positioning, adjustment and calibration of the camera is demonstrated. Typical performances of a patient with and without compensatory strategy and a healthy control are illustrated in this pilot study. Different oculomotor behaviors (frequency and amplitude of eye- and head-movements) are evaluated very quickly during the drive itself by dynamic overlay pictures indicating where the subjects gaze is located on the screen, and by analyzing the data. Compensatory gaze behavior in a patient leads to a driving performance comparable to a healthy control, while the performance of a patient without compensatory behavior is significantly worse. The data of eye- and head-movement-behavior as well as driving performance are discussed with respect to different oculomotor strategies and in a broader context with respect to possible training effects throughout the testing session and implications on rehabilitation potential.

Patients with visual deficits after stroke report about different constraints in daily life most likely due to variable compensatory strategies, which are difficult to differentiate in clinical routine. We present a clinical set-up which allows measurement of different compensatory head- and eye-movement-strategies and evaluating their effects on driving performance.

驾驶模拟诊所：测试视觉与视野缺损的患者在日常活动中的探索行为

Patients suffering from homonymous hemianopia after infarction of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) report different degrees of constraint in daily ...

医学

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are needed for clinical diagnosis of impairment, and to measure outcomes of proprioceptive training. The purpose of this simple, non-invasive method is to temporarily knockdown upper limb proprioception in healthy adults, to an extent that would be useful in the development and testing of upper limb proprioception measures. Knockdown models have two main advantages over studying humans with impaired proprioception: participant availability and the ability to control the extent of impairment across participants. Current published methods of temporary proprioception knockdown of the upper limb, such as ischemic nerve blocks and cryotherapy, are invasive, impractical, or uncomfortable for the participant. Here, vibration over the ulnar groove was used to reduce upper limb proprioception. High frequency vibration may reduce proprioceptive acuity by inhibiting pacinian corpuscle-induced input. The effect of vibration used in this protocol was confirmed using two quantitative measures. This method was simple to administer, comfortable for participants, and practical.

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate a practical method to temporarily interfere with proprioception in the upper limb of healthy humans.

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are ...

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

Postural perturbations, motion tracking, and sensory feedback are modern techniques used to challenge, assess, and train upright sitting, respectively. The goal of the developed protocol is to construct and operate a sitting platform that can be passively destabilized while an inertial measurement unit quantifies its motion and vibrating elements deliver tactile feedback to the user. Interchangeable seat attachments alter the stability level of the device to safely challenge sitting balance. A built-in microcontroller allows fine-tuning of the feedback parameters to augment sensory function. Posturographic measures, typical of balance assessment protocols, summarize the motion signals acquired during timed balance trials. No dynamic sitting protocol to date provides variable challenge, quantification, and sensory feedback free of laboratory constraints. Our results demonstrate that non-disabled users of the device exhibit significant changes in posturographic measures when balance difficulty is altered or vibrational feedback provided. The portable, versatile device has potential applications in rehabilitation (following skeletal, muscular, or neurological injury), training (for sports or spatial awareness), entertainment (via virtual or augmented reality), and research (of sitting-related disorders).

A sitting platform has been developed and assembled that passively destabilizes sitting posture in humans. During the user&#39;s stabilizing task, an inertial measurement unit records the device&#39;s motion, and vibrating elements deliver performance-based feedback to the seat. The portable, versatile device may be used in rehabilitation, assessment, and training paradigms.

一种用于座位平衡评估和训练的振动反馈装置

Postural perturbations, motion tracking, and sensory feedback are modern techniques used to challenge, assess, and train upright sitting, respectively. ...

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile feedback (VTF). This protocol aims to test the effect of VTF on the response to incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. The tactile feedback is acquired by grasping a block and moving it across a partition. The visual feedback is a real-time virtual presentation of the moving block, acquired using a motion capture system. The congruent feedback is the reliable presentation of the movement of the block, so that the subject feels that the block is grasped and see it move along with the path of the hand. The incongruent feedback appears as the movement of the block diverts from the actual movement path, so that it seems to drop from the hand when it is actually still held by the subject, thereby contradicting the tactile feedback. Twenty subjects (age 30.2 &#177; 16.3) repeated 16 block transfers, while their hand was hidden. These were repeated with VTF and without VTF (total of 32 block transfers). Incongruent stimuli were presented randomly twice within the 16 repetitions in each condition (with and without VTF). Each subject was asked to rate the difficulty level of performing the task with and without the VTF. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of the hand paths and durations between transfers recorded with congruent and incongruent visual-tactile signals &#8211; with and without the VTF. The perceived difficulty level of performing the task with the VTF significantly correlated with the normalized path length of the block with VTF (r = 0.675, p = 0.002). This setup is used to quantify the additive or reductive value of VTF during motor function that involves incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. Possible applications are prosthetics design, smart sport-wear, or any other garments that incorporate VTF.

We present a protocol to apply incongruent visual-tactile stimuli during an object transfer task. Specifically, during block transfers, performed while the hand is hidden, a virtual presentation of the block shows random occurrences of false block drops. The protocol also describes adding vibrotactile feedback while performing the motor task.

在振动触觉反馈的对象传递过程中应用不一致的视觉触觉刺激

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile ...

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering controlled spatially structured stimuli to the skin. Consequently, investigators often apply tactile stimuli manually. Manual stimulus application is time consuming, requires great care and concentration on the part of the investigator, and leaves many stimulus parameters uncontrolled. We describe here a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system, the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS), that applies spatially structured stimuli to the skin, controlling for onset velocity, contact force, and contact duration. TAPS is a versatile, programmable system, capable of efficiently conducting a variety of psychophysical procedures. We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.
Corresponding Author: Daniel Goldreich

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

We describe a computer-controlled device for investigating the sense of touch: the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS). We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering ...

生物学

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

Artificial sensory feedback (ASF) systems can be used to compensate for lost proprioception in individuals with lower-limb impairments. Effective design of these ASF systems requires an in-depth understanding of how the parameters of specific feedback mechanism affect user perception and reaction to stimuli. This article presents a method for applying vibrotactile stimuli to human participants and measuring their response. Rotating mass vibratory motors are placed at pre-defined locations on the participant's thigh, and controlled through custom hardware and software. The speed and accuracy of participants' volitional responses to vibrotactile stimuli are measured for researcher-specified combinations of motor placement and vibration frequency. While the protocol described here uses push-buttons to collect a simple binary response to the vibrotactile stimuli, the technique can be extended to other response mechanisms using inertial measurement units or pressure sensors to measure joint angle and weight bearing ratios, respectively. Similarly, the application of vibrotactile stimuli can be explored for body segments other than the thigh.

This article describes a technique for applying vibrotactile stimuli to the thigh of a human participant, and measuring the accuracy and reaction time of the participant&#39;s volitional response for various combinations of stimulation location and frequency.

一种意志的运动反应的及时性和准确性，以振动触觉刺激评价方法

Artificial sensory feedback (ASF) systems can be used to compensate for lost proprioception in individuals with lower-limb impairments.  Effective design ...