Name: bulk electroacupuncture operation for mice or young rats
Uploaded: 2023-09-01T14:20:00.000+00:00
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感谢陆军医科大学第二附属医院神经外科的现场支持。资助:本研究由中国自然科学基金（82104696）资助。

本研究的实验符合动物伦理学的"3R"原则，并已获得陆军医科大学实验动物福利和民族委员会（AMUWEC20234543）的批准。
1.啮齿动物身体固定装置的制备
<ol><li>基于中国实用新型专利9设计一种小动物支架。</li>
	<li>通过3D打印技术生产设备。</li>
	<li>准备一根 2 m 长的绳子，分成 6 根绳子。将这 6 根绳索穿过固定器上的孔。利用弹簧加载扣固定绳索末端，便于调整环尺寸。 注意:固定器可以由任何配备基于设计图纸的 3D 打印技术的公司制造。该器件的设计图如 图1所示。本研究中使用的固定器是由 3D 打印机通过一种称为熔融沉积建模 （FDM） 的打印方法生产的，也称为熔融长丝制造 （FFF）10。这种增材制造方法通过选择性地将熔化形式的材料沉积在预定路径中，逐层打印设计的零件。该工艺使用长丝形式的热塑性聚合物来创造最终的物理结构。本研究中使用的固定装置可以同时固定三只动物，需要六根绳索，每只动物需要一对绳索:一根用于颈部，一根用于躯干。</li>
</ol>2.啮齿动物的制备
<ol><li>购买3只Sprague-Dawley大鼠（10-40g，7-45日龄）和3只C57 BL / C小鼠（5-40g）。</li>
	<li>在昼夜循环12小时，环境温度为21-23°C，湿度为45%-60%的房间内饲养动物。定期对饲养环境进行消毒通风，让动物自由进食、饮水。</li>
</ol>3. 将啮齿动物固定在固定器上（俯卧位）
<ol><li>将啮齿动物的头部放在固定器前面的U形孔中，使啮齿动物处于俯卧位。将啮齿动物的身体穿过两个绳环。</li>
	<li>将绳索系在啮齿动物的脖子和腹部，确保它不会逃脱，但不要太紧，以免引起呼吸窘迫和死亡。<ol><li>关键步骤是将颈部固定到位。在啮齿动物的脖子和绳子之间留出 2-5 毫米的间隙。确保绳子不会太紧而无法勒死动物或太松而无法逃脱。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>在设备中以相同的方式修复其他啮齿动物。</li>
	<li>重复上述固定步骤（3.1-3.2）3天，以尽量减少固定过程引起的潜在应激反应。连续 3 天重复固定程序，每次持续 5 分钟。 注意:为确保啮齿动物在固定过程中不会过度紧张，我们连续 3 天重复该过程。每次治疗每天持续 5 分钟，为小鼠或大鼠提供充足的时间来适应该程序并最大限度地减少任何潜在的不适。</li>
	<li>从第 4 天开始 Strat EA。</li>
	<li>为防止疾病传播，请将无菌棉签或棉球浸入 75% 的酒精中，并在每次使用前后彻底擦拭支架以清洁和消毒。处理啮齿动物时，请使用手套和其他防护设备，以避免潜在的健康风险。</li>
</ol>4. 在小鼠或年轻大鼠中执行 EA （MS6）
<ol><li>选择 0.25 mm x 13 mm 一次性无菌针灸针。</li>
	<li>按解剖位置找到穴位，并确认穴位处的插入深度。 注意: MS6 位于头部的外侧。头部的这个区域穿过神聪（Ex-hn1）和玄里（GB6）之间的连接，也称为前顶叶（Du21）。MS6对应于头皮上大脑皮层中央前回的表达。Ex-hn1 位于头部前后中线中点后 0.5 cm 处。GB6位于耳朵前部的中点和眼睛的末端角。滑车上上神经、眶上神经、枕神经和耳颞神经分布在其中。MS6主要用于治疗中风和脑病，如运动障碍。</li>
	<li>在3只啮齿动物中，从前申冲（Exhn1）到玄礼（GB6）沿皮下，分别在3/5深度处将双侧无菌针头拧入MS6。</li>
	<li>将连接电缆的一侧连接到 EA 仪器。</li>
	<li>将包含正负EA夹的连接电缆的另一侧连接到左右MS6上的针灸针柄。</li>
	<li>打开 EA 仪器。<ol><li>旋转按钮（功能/选择开关）设置频率和功能模式。</li>
		<li>将 频率 设置为 10 Hz，然后选择 连续波 模式。</li>
		<li>旋转相应的按钮（调整强度）以设置强度。每个调整强度按钮控制其下方连接的电线的啮齿动物的电流强度。将电流强度调整到啮齿动物可接受的范围，通常为 1-2 mA，持续 5 分钟。 注意: 在手术过程中监测啮齿动物的呼吸和行为非常重要，以确保它们不会感到任何痛苦或不适。如果大鼠似乎在挣扎或疼痛，则应立即停止该程序。</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>5. 将啮齿动物固定在固定器上（仰卧位）
<ol><li>将啮齿动物的头部放在固定器前面的U形孔中，使啮齿动物处于俯卧位。将啮齿动物的身体穿过两个绳环。</li>
	<li>将绳子系在啮齿动物的脖子和腹部，确保它不会逃脱，但不要太紧以至于导致呼吸窘迫和死亡。 注意:固定过程中要注意的要点与步骤3.2相同。</li>
	<li>以同样的方式修复其他啮齿动物。</li>
	<li>与步骤3.4一样，重复上述固定步骤3天，以减少啮齿动物的应激反应。</li>
	<li>从第 4 天开始 Strat EA。 注意: 按照步骤 3.6 中所述进行消毒。</li>
</ol>6. 执行 EA （ST25）
<ol><li>选择 0.25 mm x 13 mm 一次性无菌针灸针。</li>
	<li>按解剖位置找到穴位，并确认穴位处的插入深度。 注意: ST25 位于脐部水平。在啮齿动物中定位这个点需要首先测量啮齿动物爪子的长度。ST25 位于肚脐旁边爪子长度的 2/3。例如，如果测量的啮齿动物爪子为 0.6 cm，则 ST25 位于脐部左右 0.4 cm。</li>
	<li>在3只啮齿动物上，分别以4-8mm的深度缓慢扭曲并穿透无菌针头进入ST25双侧。</li>
	<li>将连接电缆的一侧连接到 EA 仪器。</li>
	<li>将包含正负EA夹的连接电缆的另一侧连接到左右ST25的针灸针柄。</li>
	<li>打开 EA 仪器。<ol><li>旋转按钮（功能/选择开关）设置频率和功能模式。</li>
		<li>将 频率 设置为 10 Hz，然后选择 连续波模式。</li>
		<li>旋转相应的按钮（调整强度）以设置强度。每个调整强度按钮控制其下方连接的电线的老鼠的电流强度。将电流强度调整到啮齿动物可接受的范围，通常为 1-2 mA，持续 5 分钟。 注:观察结果与步骤4.6相同。</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>

使用 3D 打印支架对小动物进行体电针

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电针 （EA） 是一种针灸形式，涉及在针灸针上使用电刺激11。该技术涉及使用特定强度和频率的微脉冲电流来刺激穴位并达到增强的治疗效果3.然而，EA的愈合机制是有限的，需要大量的基础研究来证明1,2,3。啮齿动物模型通常用于基本的 EA 研究 8,12,13<...

<a href="https://app.jove.com/t/6632">This corrects</a> the article <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3791/65648">10.3791/65648</a>

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/65648">Bulk Electroacupuncture Operation for Mice or Young Rats</a>. Figure 3 was updated.

Erratum: Bulk Electroacupuncture Operation for Mice or Young Rats

电针疗法是一种独特的方法，将针灸针插入头皮并连接到电机以刺激特定穴位 1。与手动刺激不同，EA 通过稳定特定频率和波形来更好地控制刺激，以实现最佳治疗效果2。据调查，中国81.2%的医疗机构使用EA或手针灸治疗脑瘫、神经痛、面瘫等疾病。尽管很受欢迎，但EA的具体疗效机制仍然未知，这阻碍了其在神经系统疾病康复治疗中的推广和应用1,2,3。需要进一步的研究来充分了解EA的有效性机制，并促进其在神经系统疾病康复治疗中的应用。
随着针灸在世界范围内的影响力不断扩大，许多研究已经研究了对啮齿动物模型（例如大鼠或小鼠模型）进行 EA 的机制 1,2,3。在EA的啮齿动物实验中经常会遇到几个问题。首先是如何在没有麻醉的情况下固定啮齿动物，因为对清醒受试者进行的针灸更能反映临床实践。此外，一些实验要求动物保持清醒以观察治疗效果2,3。另一个挑战是准确定位小鼠或大鼠的穴位，这些穴位与人类的穴位相对应。目前，许多学者正在研究实验啮齿动物穴位的精确定位4,5。在该协议中，选择了MS6和ST25，它们已通过人体解剖定位的转换在啮齿动物中明确定义。MS6 通常用于治疗某些脑部疾病，例如帕金森病6。ST25 通常用于治疗胃肠道问题，例如腹泻7.选择这两个穴位主要是为了展示如何在仰卧位和俯卧位上有效地固定啮齿动物。此外，这些穴位已被广泛研究，并为研究目的提供了重要的见解 6,7。
以前固定一只大鼠进行实验的方法不仅耗时，而且很难由一个人处理 8.此外，由于动物的不合作，在实践中成功率相对较低。因此，迫切需要创建一个易于建立的具有稳定特性的动物模型，以提高实验效率。在这篇文章中，介绍了一种用于小动物的3D打印支架，可以很容易地固定多只啮齿动物，导致运动受限。本文的目的是对一批年轻大鼠或小鼠进行EA治疗，重点研究小鼠批量限制、识别和刺激MS6和ST25穴位的策略。

<table><tbody><tr><td>3D printing batch mice fixator</td><td>MESH INVENT</td><td>Custom made</td><td>The fixator produced by 3D printer. The printing method is called fused deposition modeling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF).&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Electroacupuncture instrument</td><td>Hwato, Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory</td><td>SDZ-III</td><td>www.Hwato-med.com</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable sterile acupuncture needle</td><td>Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory</td><td>N/A</td><td>0.25 mm x 13 mm</td></tr></tbody></table>

bulk electroacupuncture operation for mice or young rats

电针（EA）被广泛用于治疗各种健康状况。然而，EA治疗的潜在机制尚不清楚，阻碍了其推广。机理研究需要小鼠或大鼠模型来解决这个问题。然而，这些动物不服从实验过程，这很耗时。为了解决这些问题，我们设计了3D打印的小动物身体散装固定器，以提高EA动物实验的效率。该视频详细介绍了如何使用固定器对小鼠或年轻大鼠进行批量 EA。对于穴位的选择，选取顶点颞部（MS6头部）和天枢点（ST25腹部）的前斜线，验证俯卧位和仰卧位固定装置的效果。使用3D打印的小动物支架可以同时固定和治疗多个啮齿动物，从而减少实验所需的时间和资源。这种技术可以通过3D打印不同尺寸的动物模型应用于其他动物模型，并有可能用于各种固定条件。该设备有利于促进EA的实验科学研究。

我们设计的动物身体固定器的平面图如图1所示。此外，还提交了该固定器的 3D 图形模型，以提供设计的全面视图（补充文件 1）。这是一种允许 3 只啮齿动物固定并同时执行 EA 的设备。大鼠和小鼠在清醒状态下被限制在固定器内，俯卧位和仰卧位都可以牢固地固定，而不会对啮齿动物造成伤害（图2和图3</strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Bulk Electroacupuncture Operation for Mice or Young Rats at JoVE.com

作者聚焦:使用 3D 打印支架同时进行多次电针手术

在这里，我们提出了一种使用三维（3D）打印支架在小鼠或年轻大鼠中进行高效和快速电针（EA）的方案。该技术允许在多只动物身上同时操作，节省时间并提高实验效率。

小鼠或幼鼠的批量电针操作

Electroacupuncture (EA) is widely used to treat various health conditions. However, the underlying mechanism of EA treatment remains unclear, hindering ...

在本视频中，我们介绍了一种在多只清醒的小鼠或大鼠身上使用电针的有效方法。在膀胱研究中，动物在排尿，但它们不合作，针灸只是消耗时间。另一个问题是关于麻醉，这在针灸的临床上不适用。为了解决这些问题，我们展示了使用3D打印支架对多只清醒的小鼠或大鼠进行电针灸的有效方法。我们的方案展示了一种更有效、更安全的方式来同时持有多只动物，这与其他意味着固定的方法不同，这种方法不仅节省了时间，而且提高了实验成功率。此外，该设备设计为易于操作，可由一个人操作。ProTech和设备有利于促进电针的实验科学研究。

bulk-electroacupuncture-operation-for-mice-or-young-rats

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Bulk Electroacupuncture Operation for Mice or Young Rats

567 次观看.  Army Medical University. 在本视频中，我们介绍了一种在多只清醒的小鼠或大鼠身上使用电针的有效方法。在膀胱研究中，动物在排尿，但它们不合作，针灸只是消耗时间。另一个问题是关于麻醉，这在针灸的临床上不适用。为了解决这些问题，我们展示了使用3D打印支架对多只清醒的小鼠或大鼠进行电针灸的有效方法。我们的方案展示了一种更有效、更安全的方式来同时持有多只动物，这与?...

视频: 作者聚焦:使用 3D 打印支架同时进行多次电针手术

A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common clinical modality that is widely used to restore1, maintain2 or enhance3-5 muscle functional capacity. Transcutaneous surface stimulation of skeletal muscle involves a current flow between a cathode and an anode, thereby inducing excitement of the motor unit and the surrounding muscle fibers. 
NMES is an attractive modality to evaluate skeletal muscle adaptive responses for several reasons. First, it provides a reproducible experimental model in which physiological adaptations, such as myofiber hypertophy and muscle strengthening6, angiogenesis7-9, growth factor secretion9-11, and muscle precursor cell activation12 are well documented. Such physiological responses may be carefully titrated using different parameters of stimulation (for Cochrane review, see 13). In addition, NMES recruits motor units non-selectively, and in a spatially fixed and temporally synchronous manner14, offering the advantage of exerting a treatment effect on all fibers, regardless of fiber type. Although there are specified contraindications to NMES in clinical populations, including peripheral venous disorders or malignancy, for example, NMES is safe and feasible, even for those who are ill and/or bedridden and for populations in which rigorous exercise may be challenging. 
Here, we demonstrate the protocol for adapting commercially available electrodes and performing a NMES protocol using a murine model. This animal model has the advantage of utilizing a clinically available device and providing instant feedback regarding positioning of the electrode to elicit the desired muscle contractile effect. For the purpose of this manuscript, we will describe the protocol for muscle stimulation of the anterior compartment muscles of a mouse hindlimb.

A murine model of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a safe and inexpensive clinical modality, to the anterior compartment muscles is described. This model has the advantage of modifying a readily available clinical device for the purpose of eliciting targeted and specific muscle contractions in mice.

一个小鼠模型，通过神经肌肉电刺激肌肉训练

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common clinical modality that is widely used to restore1, maintain2 or enhance3-5 muscle functional ...

科研

医学

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture

Ancient Chinese literature has documented that acupuncture possesses efficient therapeutic effects on epilepsy and insomnia. There is, however, little research to reveal the possible mechanisms behind these effects. To investigate the effect of acupuncture on epilepsy and sleep, several issues need to be addressed. The first is to identify the acupoints, which correspond between humans, rats, and mice. Furthermore, the depth of insertion of the acupuncture needle, the degree of needle twist in manual needle acupuncture, and the stimulation parameters for electroacupuncture (EA) need to be determined. To evaluate the effects of acupuncture on epilepsy and sleep, a feasible model of epilepsy in rodents is required. We administer pilocarpine into the left central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) to simulate focal temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rats. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of pilocarpine induces generalized epilepsy and status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Five IP injections of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) with a one-day interval between each injection successfully induces spontaneous generalized epilepsy in mice. Recordings of electrocorticograms (ECoGs), electromyograms (EMGs), brain temperature, and locomotor activity are used for sleep analysis in rats, while ECoGs, EMGs, and locomotor activity are employed for sleep analysis in mice. ECoG electrodes are implanted into the frontal, parietal, and contralateral occipital cortices, and a thermistor is implanted above the cerebral cortex by stereotactic surgery. EMG electrodes are implanted into the neck muscles, and an infrared detector determines locomotor activity. The criteria for categorizing vigilance stages, including wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep are based on information from ECoGs, EMGs, brain temperature, and locomotor activity. Detailed classification criteria are stated in the text.

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms ECoGs and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture

This paper demonstrates the performance of acupuncture, epilepsy models, and the analysis of sleep in rodents. The acupuncture procedure and the identification of acupoints are described. Pilocarpine or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) is used to induce epilepsy. Electrocorticogram (ECoG), electromyogram (EMG), brain temperature, and locomotor activity recordings are employed for sleep analysis.

癫痫Electrocorticograms（ECoGs）的操作，并睡在针刺大鼠和小鼠

Ancient Chinese literature has documented that acupuncture possesses efficient therapeutic effects on epilepsy and insomnia. There is, however, little ...

行为学

High-density Electroencephalographic Acquisition in a Rodent Model Using Low-cost and Open-source Resources

Advanced electroencephalographic analysis techniques requiring high spatial resolution, including electrical source imaging and measures of network connectivity, are applicable to an expanding variety of questions in neuroscience. Performing these kinds of analyses in a rodent model requires higher electrode density than traditional screw electrodes can accomplish. While higher-density electroencephalographic montages for rodents exist, they are of limited availability to most researchers, are not robust enough for repeated experiments over an extended period of time, or are limited to use in anesthetized rodents.1-3 A proposed low-cost method for constructing a durable, high-count, transcranial electrode array, consisting of bilaterally implantable headpieces is investigated as a means to perform advanced electroencephalogram analyses in mice or rats.

Procedures for headpiece fabrication and surgical implantation necessary to produce high signal to noise, low-impedance electroencephalographic and electromyographic signals are presented. While the methodology is useful in both rats and mice, this manuscript focuses on the more challenging implementation for the smaller mouse skull. Freely moving mice are only tethered to cables via a common adapter during recording. One version of this electrode system that includes 26 electroencephalographic channels and 4 electromyographic channels is described below.

Instructions for the low-cost construction and surgical implantation of a chronic transcranial high-density electroencephalographic montage into mice are provided. Signal recording, extraction, and processing techniques are also described.

高密度的脑电图采集在啮齿动物模型使用低成本的开源资源

Advanced electroencephalographic analysis techniques requiring high spatial resolution, including electrical source imaging and measures of network ...

神经科学

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, the most effective treatment for severe depression. ECS induces generalized tonic-clonic seizures with low mortality and neuronal death and is a widely-used model to screen anti-epileptic drugs. Here, we describe an ECS induction method in which a brief 55-mA current is delivered for 0.5 s to male rats 200 - 250 g in weight via ear-clip electrodes. Such bilateral stimulation produced stage 4 - 5 clonic seizures that lasted about 10 s. After the cessation of acute or chronic ECS, most rats recovered to be behaviorally indistinguishable from sham &#34;no seizure&#34; rats. Because ECS globally elevates brain activity, it has also been used to examine activity-dependent alterations of synaptic proteins and their effects on synaptic strength using multiple methods. In particular, subcellular fractionation of the postsynaptic density (PSD) in combination with Western blotting allows for the quantitative determination of the abundance of synaptic proteins at this specialized synaptic structure. In contrast to a previous fractionation method that requires large amount of rodent brains, we describe here a small-scale fractionation method to isolate the PSD from the hippocampi of a single rat, without sucrose gradient centrifugation. Using this method, we show that the isolated PSD fraction contains postsynaptic membrane proteins, including PSD95, GluN2B, and GluA2. Presynaptic marker synaptophysin and soluble cytoplasmic protein &#945;-tubulin were excluded from the PSD fraction, demonstrating successful PSD isolation. Furthermore, chronic ECS decreased GluN2B expression in the PSD, indicating that our small-scale PSD fractionation method can be applied to detect the changes in hippocampal PSD proteins from a single rat after genetic, pharmacological, or mechanical treatments.

Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression. ECS globally stimulates activity in the hippocampus, leading to synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Here, we describe methods for ECS induction in rats and for subcellular fractionation of their hippocampi to examine seizure-induced changes in synaptic proteins.

大鼠电癫痫发作与海马的分离检测突触后密度蛋白的变化

Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) is an experimental animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, the most effective treatment for severe depression. ECS ...

Transcranial Electrical Brain Stimulation in Alert Rodents

Transcranial electrical brain stimulation can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity in humans and rodents. The most common form of stimulation in humans is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Less frequently, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) or transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a specific form of tACS using an electrical current applied randomly within a pre-defined frequency range, is used. The increase of noninvasive electrical brain stimulation research in humans, both for experimental and clinical purposes, has yielded an increased need for basic, mechanistic, safety studies in animals. This article describes a model for transcranial electrical brain stimulation (tES) through the intact skull targeting the motor system in alert rodents. The protocol provides step-by-step instructions for the surgical set-up of a permanent epicranial electrode socket combined with an implanted counter electrode on the chest. By placing a stimulation electrode into the epicranial socket, different electrical stimulation types, comparable to tDCS, tACS, and tRNS in humans, can be delivered. Moreover, the practical steps for tES in alert rodents are introduced. The applied current density, stimulation duration, and stimulation type may be chosen depending on the experimental needs. The caveats, advantages, and disadvantages of this set-up are discussed, as well as safety and tolerability aspects.

This protocol describes a surgical set-up for a permanent epicranial electrode socket and an implanted chest electrode in rodents. By placing a second electrode into the socket, different types of transcranial electrical brain stimulation can be delivered to the motor system in alert animals through the intact skull.

警惕啮齿动物的经颅电脑刺激

Transcranial electrical brain stimulation can modulate cortical excitability and plasticity in humans and rodents. The most common form of stimulation in ...

An Invasive Method for the Activation of the Mouse Dentate Gyrus by High-frequency Stimulation

Electrical high-frequency stimulation (HFS), using implanted electrodes targeting various brain regions, has been proven as an effective treatment for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. HFS in the deep region of the brain, also named deep-brain stimulation (DBS), is becoming increasingly important in clinical trials. Recent progress in the field of high-frequency DBS (HF-DBS) surgery has begun to spread the possibility of utilizing this invasive technique to other situations, such as treatment for major depression disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and so on. 
Despite these expanding indications, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of HF-DBS remain enigmatic. To address this question, one approach is to use implanted electrodes that sparsely activate distributed subpopulations of neurons by HFS. It has been reported that HFS in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus could be used for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in the clinic. The underlying mechanisms might be related to the increased neurogenesis and altered neuronal activity. Therefore, we are interested in exploring the physiological alterations by the detection of neuronal activity as well as neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus (DG) before and after HFS treatment. 
In this manuscript, we describe methodologies for HFS to target the activation of the DG in mice, directly or indirectly and in an acute or chronic manner. In addition, we describe a detailed protocol for the preparation of brain slices for c-fos and Notch1 immunofluorescent staining to monitor the neuronal activity and signaling activation and for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to determine the neurogenesis after the HF-DBS induction. The activation of the neuronal activity and neurogenesis after the HF-DBS treatment provides direct neurobiological evidence and potential therapeutic benefits. Particularly, this methodology can be modified and applied to target other interested brain regions such as the basal ganglia and subthalamic regions for specific brain disorders in the clinic.

This protocol shows how to set up a reliable HFS method in mice. Neurons throughout the hippocampal dentate gyrus are electrically stimulated by HFS directly and indirectly in vivo. Neuronal activity and molecular signaling are examined by c-fos and Notch1 immunofluorescent staining, respectively; neurogenesis is quantified by bromodeoxyuridine labeling assay.

高频刺激激活小鼠齿状回的侵袭方法

Electrical high-frequency stimulation (HFS), using implanted electrodes targeting various brain regions, has been proven as an effective treatment for ...

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

The amygdala is one of the most common origins of seizures, and the amygdala mouse model is essential for the illustration of epilepsy. However, few studies have described the experimental protocol in detail. This paper illustrates the whole process of amygdala electrical kindling epilepsy model making, with the introduction of a method of bipolar electrode fabrication. This electrode can both stimulate and record, reducing brain injury caused by implanting separate electrodes for stimulation and recording. For long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) recording purposes, slip rings were used to eliminate the record interruption caused by cable tangles and falling off.
After periodic stimulation (60 Hz, 1 s every 15 min) of the basolateral amygdala (AP: 1.67 mm, L: 2.7 mm, V: 4.9 mm) for 19.83 &plusmn; 5.742 times, full kindling was observed in six mice (defined as induction of three continuous grade V episodes classified by Racine's scale). An intracranial EEG was recorded throughout the entire kindling process, and an epileptic discharge in the amygdala lasting 20-70 s was observed after kindling. Therefore, this is a robust protocol for modeling epilepsy originating from the amygdala, and the method is suitable for revealing the role of the amygdala in temporal lobe epilepsy. This research contributes to future studies on the mechanisms of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and novel antiepileptogenic drugs.

The amygdala plays a key role in temporal lobe epilepsy, which originates in and propagates from this structure. This article provides a detailed description of the fabrication of deep brain electrodes with both recording and stimulating functions. It introduces a model of medial temporal lobe epilepsy originating from the amygdala.

使用双极电极通过电点燃杏仁核创建颞叶癫痫小鼠模型

The amygdala is one of the most common origins of seizures, and the amygdala mouse model is essential for the illustration of epilepsy. However, few ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body> 为临床前啮齿动物模型制造肌外肌电图电极

Development of a Low-cost Epimysial Electromyography Electrode: A Simplified Workflow for Fabrication and Testing

Electromyography (EMG) is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting neuromuscular abnormalities. Implantable epimysial electrodes are commonly used to measure EMG signals in preclinical models. Although classical resources exist describing the principles of epimysial electrode fabrication, there is a sparsity of illustrative information translating electrode theory to practice. To remedy this, we provide an updated, easy-to-follow guide on fabricating and testing a low-cost epimysial electrode. 
Electrodes were made by folding and inserting two platinum-iridium foils into a precut silicone base to form the contact surfaces. Next, coated stainless steel wires were welded to each contact surface to form the electrode leads. Lastly, a silicone mixture was used to seal the electrode. Ex vivo testing was conducted to compare our custom-fabricated electrode to an industry standard electrode in a saline bath, where high levels of signal agreement (sine [intraclass correlation - ICC= 0.993], square [ICC = 0.995], triangle [ICC = 0.958]), and temporal-synchrony (sine [r = 0.987], square [r = 0.990], triangle [r= 0.931]) were found across all waveforms. Low levels of electrode impedance were also quantified via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 
An in vivo performance assessment was also conducted where the vastus lateralis muscle of a rat was surgically instrumented with the custom-fabricated electrode and signaling was acquired during uphill and downhill walking. As expected, peak EMG activity was significantly lower during downhill walking (0.008 &plusmn; 0.005 mV) than uphill (0.031 &plusmn; 0.180 mV, p = 0.005), supporting the validity of the device. The reliability and biocompatibility of the device were also supported by consistent signaling during level walking at 14 days and 56 days post implantation (0.01 &plusmn; 0.007 mV, 0.012 &plusmn; 0.007 mV respectively; p &gt; 0.05) and the absence of histological inflammation. Collectively, we provide an updated workflow for the fabrication and testing of low-cost epimysial electrodes.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:ACL 损伤研究中的肌外膜电极制造和测试

Our purpose was to provide an updated, easy-to-follow guide on the fabrication and testing of epimysial electromyography electrodes. To that end, we provide instructions for material sourcing and a detailed walkthrough of the fabrication and testing process.

低成本肌外肌电图电极的开发:简化的制造和测试工作流程

Electromyography (EMG) is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting neuromuscular abnormalities. Implantable epimysial electrodes are commonly used to ...

小鼠或幼鼠的批量电针操作

副本

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

一个小鼠模型，通过神经肌肉电刺激肌肉训练

癫痫Electrocorticograms（ECoGs）的操作，并睡在针刺大鼠和小鼠

高密度的脑电图采集在啮齿动物模型使用低成本的开源资源

大鼠电癫痫发作与海马的分离检测突触后密度蛋白的变化

警惕啮齿动物的经颅电脑刺激

高频刺激激活小鼠齿状回的侵袭方法

使用双极电极通过电点燃杏仁核创建颞叶癫痫小鼠模型

低成本肌外肌电图电极的开发:简化的制造和测试工作流程

低成本肌外肌电图电极的开发:简化的制造和测试工作流程

低成本肌外肌电图电极的开发:简化的制造和测试工作流程