<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>使用 Neurolucida 360 进行树突状脊柱分析的方案

<ol>
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C., Lu, J., Zuo, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+dynamics+of+dendritic+spines+in+the+living+brain.">Spatiotemporal dynamics of dendritic spines in the living brain.</a> Front Neuroanat. 8, 28 (2014).</li><li>Dickstein, D. L., Weaver, C. M., Luebke, J. I., Hof, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+spine+changes+associated+with+normal+aging.">Dendritic spine changes associated with normal aging.</a> Neuroscience. 251, 21-32 (2013).</li><li>Glausier, J. R., Lewis, D. 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M., Zou, C., Blazquez-Llorca, L., Herms, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analyzing+dendritic+spine+pathology+in+alzheimer's+disease:+Problems+and+opportunities.">Analyzing dendritic spine pathology in alzheimer's disease: Problems and opportunities.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 130 (1), 1-19 (2015).</li><li>Villalba, R. M., Smith, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+and+remodeling+of+striatal+dendritic+spines+in+parkinson's+disease:+From+homeostasis+to+maladaptive+plasticity.">Loss and remodeling of striatal dendritic spines in parkinson's disease: From homeostasis to maladaptive plasticity.</a> J Neural Transm (Vienna). 125 (3), 431-447 (2018).</li><li>Cheng, C., Trzcinski, O., Doering, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+labeling+of+dendritic+spines+in+cell+cultures+with+the+carbocyanine+dye+&amp;#34;dii&amp;#34.">Fluorescent labeling of dendritic spines in cell cultures with the carbocyanine dye &amp;#34;dii&amp;#34.</a> Front Neuroanat. 8, 30 (2014).</li><li>Feng, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+neuronal+subsets+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+multiple+spectral+variants+of+gfp.">Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of gfp.</a> Neuron. 28 (1), 41-51 (2000).</li><li>Baloyannis, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Staining+neurons+with+golgi+techniques+in+degenerative+diseases+of+the+brain.">Staining neurons with golgi techniques in degenerative diseases of the brain.</a> Neural Regen Res. 10 (5), 693-695 (2015).</li><li>Levet, F., Tonnesen, J., Nagerl, U. V., Sibarita, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SpineJ:+A+software+tool+for+quantitative+analysis+of+nanoscale+spine+morphology.">SpineJ: A software tool for quantitative analysis of nanoscale spine morphology.</a> Methods. 174, 49-55 (2020).</li><li>Peters, A., Kaiserman-Abramof, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+small+pyramidal+neuron+of+the+rat+cerebral+cortex.+The+perikaryon,+dendrites+and+spines.">The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The perikaryon, dendrites and spines.</a> Am J Anat. 127 (4), 321-356 (1970).</li><li>Pfeiffer, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+2p-sted+imaging+reveals+high+turnover+of+dendritic+spines+in+the+hippocampus+in+vivo.">Chronic 2p-sted imaging reveals high turnover of dendritic spines in the hippocampus in vivo.</a> Elife. 7, e34700 (2018).</li><li>Harris, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure,+development,+and+plasticity+of+dendritic+spines.">Structure, development, and plasticity of dendritic spines.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 9 (3), 343-348 (1999).</li><li>Hering, H., Sheng, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+spines:+Structure,+dynamics,+and+regulation.">Dendritic spines: Structure, dynamics, and regulation.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 2 (12), 880-888 (2001).</li><li>Jontes, J. D., Smith, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Filopodia,+spines,+and+the+generation+of+synaptic+diversity.">Filopodia, spines, and the generation of synaptic diversity.</a> Neuron. 27 (1), 11-14 (2000).</li><li>Pchitskaya, E., Bezprozvanny, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+spines+shape+analysis-classification+or+clusterization?+Perspective.">Dendritic spines shape analysis-classification or clusterization? Perspective.</a> Front Synaptic Neurosci. 12, 31 (2020).</li><li>Berry, K. P., Nedivi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spine+dynamics:+Are+they+all+the+same.">Spine dynamics: Are they all the same.</a> Neuron. 96 (1), 43-55 (2017).</li><li>Rodriguez, A., Ehlenberger, D. B., Dickstein, D. L., Hof, P. R., Wearne, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+three-dimensional+detection+and+shape+classification+of+dendritic+spines+from+fluorescence+microscopy+images.">Automated three-dimensional detection and shape classification of dendritic spines from fluorescence microscopy images.</a> PLoS One. 3 (4), e1997 (2008).</li><li>Swanger, S. A., Yao, X., Gross, C., Bassell, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+4D+analysis+of+dendritic+spine+morphology:+Applications+to+stimulus-induced+spine+remodeling+and+pharmacological+rescue+in+disease+model.">Automated 4D analysis of dendritic spine morphology: Applications to stimulus-induced spine remodeling and pharmacological rescue in disease model.</a> Mol Brain. 4, 38 (2011).</li><li>Basu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+3-D+morphometric+analysis+of+individual+dendritic+spines.">Quantitative 3-D morphometric analysis of individual dendritic spines.</a> Sci Rep. 8 (1), 3545 (2018).</li><li>Ekaterina, P., Peter, V., Smirnova, D., Vyacheslav, C., Ilya, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinetool+is+an+open-source+software+for+analysis+of+morphology+of+dendritic+spines.">Spinetool is an open-source software for analysis of morphology of dendritic spines.</a> Sci Rep. 13 (1), 10561 (2023).</li><li>Li, B. Z., Sumera, A., Booker, S. A., Mccullagh, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+best+practices+for+analysis+of+dendritic+spine+morphology+and+number+in+neurodevelopmental+disorder+research.">Current best practices for analysis of dendritic spine morphology and number in neurodevelopmental disorder research.</a> ACS Chem Neurosci. 14 (9), 1561-1572 (2023).</li><li>Dickstein, D. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automatic+dendritic+spine+quantification+from+confocal+data+with+Neurolucida+360.">Automatic dendritic spine quantification from confocal data with Neurolucida 360.</a> Curr Protoc Neurosci. 77, 1-21 (2016).</li><li>Gage, G. J., Kipke, D. R., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+animal+perfusion+fixation+for+rodents.">Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (65), e3564 (2012).</li><li>Parajuli, L. K., Koike, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+structure+of+dendritic+spines+revealed+by+volume+electron+microscopy+techniques.">Three-dimensional structure of dendritic spines revealed by volume electron microscopy techniques.</a> Front Neuroanat. 15, 627368 (2021).</li><li>Ferreira, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distance-dependent+regulation+of+NMDAR+nanoscale+organization+along+hippocampal+neuron+dendrites.">Distance-dependent regulation of NMDAR nanoscale organization along hippocampal neuron dendrites.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117 (39), 24526-24533 (2020).</li><li>Megias, M., Emri, Z. s., Freund, T. F., Gulyas, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Total+number+and+distribution+of+inhibitory+and+excitatory+synapses+on+hippocampal+ca1+pyramidal+cells.">Total number and distribution of inhibitory and excitatory synapses on hippocampal ca1 pyramidal cells.</a> Neuroscience. 102 (3), 527-540 (2001).</li><li>Katz, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synapse+distribution+suggests+a+two-stage+model+of+dendritic+integration+in+ca1+pyramidal+neurons.">Synapse distribution suggests a two-stage model of dendritic integration in ca1 pyramidal neurons.</a> Neuron. 63 (2), 171-177 (2009).</li><li>Bourne, J., Harris, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+thin+spines+learn+to+be+mushroom+spines+that+remember.">Do thin spines learn to be mushroom spines that remember.</a> Curr Opin Neurobiol. 17 (3), 381-386 (2007).</li><li>Runge, K., Cardoso, C., De Chevigny, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+spine+plasticity:+Function+and+mechanisms.">Dendritic spine plasticity: Function and mechanisms.</a> Front Synaptic Neurosci. 12, 36 (2020).</li><li>Tonnesen, J., Katona, G., Rozsa, B., Nagerl, U. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spine+neck+plasticity+regulates+compartmentalization+of+synapses.">Spine neck plasticity regulates compartmentalization of synapses.</a> Nat Neurosci. 17 (5), 678-685 (2014).</li><li>Mattila, P. K., Lappalainen, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Filopodia:+Molecular+architecture+and+cellular+functions.">Filopodia: Molecular architecture and cellular functions.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9 (6), 446-454 (2008).</li><li>Grutzendler, J., Kasthuri, N., Gan, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+dendritic+spine+stability+in+the+adult+cortex.">Long-term dendritic spine stability in the adult cortex.</a> Nature. 420 (6917), 812-816 (2002).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>518F Immersion Oil</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>444960-0000-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>CM3050S</td>
			<td>For slice preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Forceps</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11150-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostat Forceps</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>13020-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large Surgical Scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14002-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LSM 880 Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>LSM 880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope Cover Glass</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>12-541-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini-Peristaltic Pump II</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>70-2027</td>
			<td>For perfusions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurolucida 360</td>
			<td>MBF Bioscience</td>
			<td>v2022.1.1</td>
			<td>Spine Analysis Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurolucida Explorer</td>
			<td>MBF Bioscience</td>
			<td>v2022.1.1</td>
			<td>Spine Analysis Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT Compound</td>
			<td>Sakura Finetek</td>
			<td>4583</td>
			<td>For cryostat sectioning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde (37%)</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>F79-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plan-Apochromat 63x/1.40 Oil DIC</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>440762-9904-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Blade</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>10022-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small Surgical Scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14060-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spatula&#160;</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>10091-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>FIsherbrand</td>
			<td>S5-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superfrost Plus Microslides</td>
			<td>Diagger</td>
			<td>ES4951+</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield HardSet Mounting Medium</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>H-1400-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dendritic spine quantification using an automatic three-dimensional neuron reconstruction software

Dendritic spines are protrusions of dendrites often comprising the post-synaptic site of glutamatergic synapses1,2. Dendritic spines are of particular interest in the field of synaptic plasticity. Spines are often altered when synaptic strength changes, becoming larger and stronger in long-term synaptic potentiation or smaller and weaker in long-term synaptic depression3,4,5,6,7. Beyond synaptic plasticity, the profile of dendritic spines changes throughout the lifespan. In early development, there is a period of dendritic spine formation and growth, followed by dendritic spine pruning until reaching a steady state8,9,10. In the aging brain, spine loss accompanies brain shrinkage and cognitive decline11. Additionally, many neurological, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders are characterized by aberrant dendritic spines. Multiple brain regions in individuals affected with schizophrenia have fewer dendritic spines, likely resulting from altered synaptic pruning12. Autism spectrum disorders are also characterized by dendritic spine pathologies13. Dendritic spine loss is a hallmark of both Alzheimer&#39;s and Parkinson&#39;s disease14,15. Given the wide array of research topics encompassing investigations into dendritic spine properties, techniques for accurate spine quantification are of paramount importance.
Staining, i.e., the Golgi method, or labeling neurons via dye filling or expressing fluorescent proteins are common methods for dendritic spine visualization16,17,18. Once visualized, spines can be analyzed with a variety of free and commercially available software clients. The desired output of the analysis is an important factor in determining which software will be of the most use. Fiji is a viable software option for questions centered around dendritic spine density. However, this technique largely relies on time consuming manual counting that can introduce the potential for bias. New plugins such as SpineJ allow for automatic quantification, additionally allowing for more accurate spine neck analysis19. A drawback of these approaches is the loss of a three-dimensional analysis for determining spine volume, as SpineJ is limited to two-dimensional image stacks. Additionally, obtaining spine subtype information becomes challenging via these processes. The four predominant spine subtypes, thin, mushroom, stubby, and filopodia, all connote individual functions and are largely classified via morphology20. Thin spines are characterized by an elongated neck and defined head21. Mushroom spines have a much larger and pronounced spine head22. Stubby spines are short and have little variance between head and neck23. Filopodia are immature spines with a long, thin neck and no obviously observable head24. While classification provides valuable information, spines exist on a continuum of dimensions. Classification into categories is based on ranges of morphological measurements25,26. Manually measuring spines for classification compounds the logistical burden for researchers in this approach.
Other software options focusing specifically on three-dimensional dendritic spine analysis are better suited for investigations into spine volume and subtype properties27,28,29,30,31. Despite the difficulty presented by three-dimensional analysis, such as poor z-plane resolution and smear, these software options allow for reliable three-dimensional reconstruction of dendrites and dendritic spines in a user-guided semi-automated fashion. Automatic classification of identified spines into their subtypes is also a feature present in some of these spine analysis software packages. This can ameliorate concerns of potential workload and experimental bias. Neurolucida 360 is one commercially available software allowing for reliable and reproducible three-dimensional dendritic spine identification and classification32. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol to effectively prepare fixed tissue, acquire images, and ultimately quantify and classify dendritic spines using this software.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：优化树突状棘分析，实现海马 CA1 顶端树突的平衡手动和自动评估

使用自动三维神经元重建软件进行树突状脊柱定量

Synaptic connections allow for the exchange and processing of information between neurons. The post-synaptic site of excitatory synapses is often formed ...

dendritic-spine-quantification-using-an-automatic-three-dimensional

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Research

Dendritic Spine Quantification Using an Automatic Three-Dimensional Neuron Reconstruction Software

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

1.1K 次观看.  National Institutes of Health. 我们的研究范围是检查海马体树突棘的结构轮廓，特别是 CA-one 顶端树突。通过这种方式，我们试图回答围绕如何在细胞水平上编码同一树突不同部分的不同输入的问题。一个挑战是获得树突棘的高分辨率图像以进行脊柱分析。一旦你有了这些图像，以一种对研究人员来说不会过于繁重的方式最准确、最可靠地分析脊柱的方法就提出了额外的挑?...

视频: 作者聚焦：优化树突状棘分析，实现海马 CA1 顶端树突的平衡手动和自动评估

Synaptic connections allow for the exchange and processing of information between neurons. The post-synaptic site of excitatory synapses is often formed on dendritic spines. Dendritic spines are structures of great interest in research centered around synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. Dendritic spines undergo structural modifications during their lifespan, with properties such as total spine number, dendritic spine size, and morphologically defined subtype altering in response to different processes. Delineating the molecular mechanisms regulating these structural alterations of dendritic spines relies on morphological measurement. This mandates accurate and reproducible dendritic spine analysis to provide experimental evidence. The present study outlines a detailed protocol for dendritic spine quantification and classification using Neurolucida 360 (automatic three-dimensional neuron reconstruction software). This protocol allows for the determination of key dendritic spine properties such as total spine density, spine head volume, and classification into spine subtypes thus enabling effective analysis of dendritic spine structural phenotypes.

Dendritic spines are post-synaptic compartments of most excitatory synapses. Alterations to dendritic spine morphology occur during neurodevelopment, aging, learning, and many neurological and psychiatric disorders, underscoring the importance of reliable dendritic spine analysis. This protocol describes quantifying dendritic spine morphology accurately and reproducibly using automatic three-dimensional neuron reconstruction software.