a-preclinical-controlled-cortical-impact-model-for-traumatic

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Cerebral contusion is a severe medical problem affecting millions of people worldwide each year. There is an urgent need to understand the ...

National Taiwan University

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions worldwide with devastating long-term effects on health and cognition. Emerging data suggest that targeting the immune response may offer promising strategies to alleviate TBI outcomes; kahweol, an anti-inflammatory diterpene that remains in unfiltered coffee, has been shown to be beneficial in neuronal recovery. Here, we examined whether kahweol could alleviate brain trauma-induced injury in a mouse model of TBI and its underlying mechanisms. TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and various doses of kahweol were intraperitoneally administered following injury. Contusion volume, brain edema, neurobehavioral deficits, and protein expression and activity were evaluated in both short-term and long-term recovery. We found that kahweol treatments significantly reduced secondary brain injury and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in TBI mice. These changes were accompanied by the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion, decreased microglia/macrophage activation, and reduction of neutrophil and leukocyte infiltration. In addition, continuous kahweol treatment further improved short-term TBI outcomes compared to single-dosage. Collectively, our data showed that kahweol protects against TBI by reducing immune responses and may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention for TBI patients.

Acute Kahweol Treatment Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury Neuroinflammation and Functional Deficits.

Background and Purpose- Enhancement of erythrophagocytosis by macrophages in a timely manner can limit the toxic effects of erythrocyte metabolites and promote brain recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of retinoid X receptor agonist, bexarotene, in facilitating erythrophagocytosis and neurobehavioral recovery in 2 mouse models of ICH. Methods- Bone marrow-derived macrophages and fluorescently labeled erythrocytes were used to study erythrophagocytosis in vitro with phenotypic changes quantified by gene expression. ICH was modeled in vivo using intrastriatal autologous blood and collagenase injection in mice with and without bexarotene treatment beginning 3 hours after ICH. In vivo phagocytosis, ability and hematoma clearance were evaluated by erythrophagocytosis assays, flow cytometry, and histological analysis. Neurological deficits and functional recovery were also quantified. Results- Bexarotene increased macrophage expression of phagocytosis receptors and erythrophagocytosis and reduced macrophage TNF (tumor necrosis factor) production in vitro. In vivo, bexarotene treatment enhanced erythrophagocytosis, reduced hematoma volume, and ultimately improved neurological recovery after ICH in 2 distinct models of ICH. Conclusions- Bexarotene administration is beneficial for recovery after ICH by enhancing hemorrhage phagocytosis, modulating macrophage phenotype, and improving functional recovery.

Bexarotene Enhances Macrophage Erythrophagocytosis and Hematoma Clearance in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Response by Chang and Sansing to Letter Regarding Article, "Bexarotene Enhances Macrophage Erythrophagocytosis and Hematoma Clearance in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage".

Che-Feng Chang

Graduate Institute of Physiology,
College of Medicine,
Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine

National Taiwan University

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Che-Feng Chang

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National Taiwan University

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Graduate Institute of Physiology,
College of Medicine,
Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine